| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*ic? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 interior of smth. 2 intestines 3 belly | face="Times New Roman Star"1 внутренность 2 кишки 3 живот | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ic?egu" 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ec? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 (Pav. C., Бор. Бад.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hiz?|igy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1, ic?ege 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"isker 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1, ic?ga"r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ъs? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i'z?in 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"i's?ti 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1, ic?egi 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is? 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?i 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 168, EDT 17, 25, ЭСТЯ 1, 388-391, 392-393, Stachowski 128-129. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"illness, decease | face="Times New Roman Star"болезнь | face="Times New Roman Star"ig (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ig (MK, KB, Tefs.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ig|z?|il |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ig (Sangl., Houts.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"i:gli 'rickety' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jъx 'leprosy, scrofula' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 98-99, Егоров 76-77, Федотов 1, 189, Мудрак 73, Мудрак Дисс. 157, VEWT 169. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to hang on (smth.) 2 hook | face="Times New Roman Star"1 вешать (на что-л.) 2 крючок | face="Times New Roman Star"il- (OUygh.) 1, ilin- (refl.) (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- (MK) 1, ylyn- (refl.) (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. il- 1, ilmek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"yl- (Abush., Sangl.), ylyn- (refl.) (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmo|q 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmaq 2, 'loop' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ilma"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"@l- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jъlъ, jъlmak 'loop' | face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ilin- (refl.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 170, ЭСТЯ 1, 343-346, Егоров 73-74. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:jn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hollow, pit, lair | face="Times New Roman Star"берлога, яма | face="Times New Roman Star"in (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"in, jin (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"hi:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"hi:.n | face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@ | face="Times New Roman Star"i:n | face="Times New Roman Star"i:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ijin |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166, VEWT 172, Егоров 79, Stachowski 131. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slope | face="Times New Roman Star"1 рано 2 рано утром 3 завтра 4 (утреннее солнце) > солнечный склон горы | face="Times New Roman Star"[ir ? er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"er, erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"er 1 (Буд.), erte 2 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erta 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"(r)ta" 'morning' | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:r 1, erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irte 'morning' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ir 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erde 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erc?in 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ertte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ierte 'next day' | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ЭСТЯ 1, 302-306, 369-370, Егоров 70, Лексика 79, Stachowski 47. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"du"- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"affair | face="Times New Roman Star"дело | face="Times New Roman Star"is? ku"du"k (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"is? ku"d|u"k (KB) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"k@r@s?- 'to hire, be hired' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 702. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:l/c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"work, deed | face="Times New Roman Star"работа, дело | face="Times New Roman Star"is? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ys? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is, ys | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i:.s? | face="Times New Roman Star"@s/ | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s | face="Times New Roman Star"is | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 254, VEWT 174, ЭСТЯ 1, 395-396, Егоров 66. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r/ / *y:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 trace 2 furrow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 след 2 борозда, межа | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1, yzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"y:z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@r 1, jъran 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1, yzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>d| 1, yd|an 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jiz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz, yz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hyzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, ЭСТЯ 1, 383-385, 646, 647, VEWT 175, Егоров 79, 75. There exists a verbal derivative *i:r/-te- 'to follow one's tracks', attested as iste- as early as in OUygh. (see EDT 243) and in many modern languages (see ЭСТЯ 1, 383); but simultaneously there is a variant *i:r-te- (with *-r/- > -r- according to Helimski's rule), attested already in MK (see EDT 208) and in Yak., Dolg. irde:-, see Stachowski 128. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jam | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"post station | face="Times New Roman Star"почтовая станция | face="Times New Roman Star"jam (late OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jam (Red.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jam (possibly from Russian) | face="Times New Roman Star"jam (Abush., Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 183, EDT 933. Turk. > MMong. z?|am 'post station', WMong. z?|am 'way, street, road' (hardly vice versa; see the discussion in Щербак 1997, 195). Mong. > Man. g/amun, Nan. jamo , Ul. jamu.(n), see Doerfer MT 142 (with a strange initial reflex, suggesting rather an unattested Mong. variant *jam; Chinese origin suggested by Doerfer TMN 4, 110-118 is improbable - for purely phonetical reasons: the actual Middle Chinese form was not "*g\am oder a"hnlich", as suggested ibid., but  t.e/m; even the later fricativized shape c?am (Zhongyuan yinyun) can hardly have yielded Mong. z?|am, to say nothing of the TM variants with j-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jAp- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to make, create, arrange | face="Times New Roman Star"делать, создавать, приготовлять | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (Ettuhf.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jap- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 870-871; ЭСТЯ 4, 126-127, where arguments are given in favour of separating this verb from *jap- 'to cover'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to split 2 split, crack | face="Times New Roman Star"1 рассекать, раскалывать 2 щель, трещина | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja(r)- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1, jar-yG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-, d/ar- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/or- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sar-ka:x (adj.) 'split' | face="Times New Roman Star"sar-ka:k (adj.) 'split' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 954-955, VEWT 188-189, ЭСТЯ 4, 135-137, Федотов 2, 139, Stachowski 209. Very widespread are the derivatives *ja:ryk, *ja:rma 'crack, split' (see ЭСТЯ ibid.); Turk. *ja:rym 'half' (ЭСТЯ 4, 147) > Mong. z?|arim, z?|arimduq (KW 470, Щербак 1997, 123). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:(j) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bow | face="Times New Roman Star"лук | face="Times New Roman Star"ja (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ja (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaj | face="Times New Roman Star"je|je|, z?|e|je| | face="Times New Roman Star"jaj (Ettuhf.), ja (Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|j | face="Times New Roman Star"ja | face="Times New Roman Star"ja 'arrow' | face="Times New Roman Star"jaj | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:j | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:-z?|ax | face="Times New Roman Star"nan 'bow', jan-c?ak 'small bow' | face="Times New Roman Star"d/a: 'arrow' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/u (in ok-s/u) | face="Times New Roman Star"sa: | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:, sa: | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aj, z?|a: | face="Times New Roman Star"z?aj | face="Times New Roman Star"jaj | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"ja", jan | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aja | face="Times New Roman Star"jaj, jajy | face="Times New Roman Star"jaj | face="Times New Roman Star"z?aj |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 186, EDT 869, TMN 4, 121-122, ЭСТЯ 4, 75, Лексика 570, Федотов 2, 274, Stachowski 99, 209. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je.t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to reach | face="Times New Roman Star"достигать | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|it- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- (Pav. C., Бор. Бад.), ja"t- (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet-, jit- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet-is?- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?it- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?et- | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"t-, d/et- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/it- | face="Times New Roman Star"sit- | face="Times New Roman Star"hit- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e`t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|et- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?et- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|et-, zet- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?et- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"jet- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 884-885, VEWT 199, ЭСТЯ 4, 193-194, Stachowski 105. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jut | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bad weather, bad harvest 2 hunger, trouble | face="Times New Roman Star"1 дурная погода, неурожай 2 голод, беда | face="Times New Roman Star"jut (Orkh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jut (MK) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jut (Pav. C., AH, Бор. Бад.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jut 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ut, z?|u"t 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"t 'lean, meagre' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ut 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ut 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jut, d/ut 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sut 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ut 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ut 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ut 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jut 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jot 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?u>t 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jut 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 883, VEWT 211-212, ЭСТЯ 4, 256-257. Turk. > Mong. *z?|ud, *z?|uta- (KW 481, TMN 4, 210, Щербак 1997, 125). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ki:n, *ki:n-du"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 navel, navelstring, centre 2 navel of a musk-deer, musk | face="Times New Roman Star"1 пупок, пуповина, центр 2 мускусная железа, мускус | face="Times New Roman Star"kin 'утроба, vagina; мускус', kindik 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kin (KB), ku"n (MK) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik, ku"nu"k (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik (MA, Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik, kindak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 (ЯЖУ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kindik (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"k@n 1, k@nd@k 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1, kin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"k@nd@k (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:n 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xin 1, 2, xindik 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xin 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1, 'belly' | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kinz?|ix, kintix 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"gindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 271, EDT 725, 729, ЭСТЯ 5, 68-69, Лексика 279-280. Turk. > Mong. kindik (Щербак 1997, 127). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"(b) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 fame 2 wisdom 3 famous | face="Times New Roman Star"1 слава 2 мудрость | face="Times New Roman Star"ku" (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku" (MK, KB) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j 'roar' | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"-lu"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"g (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku" 'roar', ku"lu"k 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku" 'sound, roar', ku"lu"k 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, ЭСТЯ 5, 128-129, 140-141, TMN 3, 653. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"not | face="Times New Roman Star"не | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-my- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"interrogative particle | face="Times New Roman Star"вопросительная частица | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/-me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ba/be | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-im |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"-be |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-by | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-my | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu/my | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mo | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"Морфология 2. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ne:- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"what | face="Times New Roman Star"что | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ni, ne|rse| | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"na" | face="Times New Roman Star"ni | face="Times New Roman Star"na" | face="Times New Roman Star"na":, na":ma" | face="Times New Roman Star"nime, ni; no: `which' (*ne-gu) | face="Times New Roman Star"nebe `thing', no: `what' (*ne-gu) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"m@w|n (metathesis < *ne-me) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuox (*suox < *c?e-gu+ok?) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuok | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u": (*c?e-gu"), c?u"ve (*c?egu"-me) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u":, c?u"me | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ni, na"ma" | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"The earliest PT form must have contained a unique initial nasal (generally nasals were not allowed word-initially), having yielded specific reflexes in modern languages. See VEWT 352, EDT 774-5, Stachowski 230-231, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 1, 356. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"an ending of the 2d person | face="Times New Roman Star"окончание 2-го л. | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| (Orkh., OUygh.), -g| (Orkh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n, -j | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Морфология 23-26, 28, 32. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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