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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*i:l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to hang on (smth.) 2 hook face="Times New Roman Star"1 вешать (на что-л.) 2 крючок face="Times New Roman Star"il- (OUygh.) 1, ilin- (refl.) (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- (MK ) 1, ylyn- (refl.) (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"yl- (Abush. , Sangl. ), ylyn- (refl.) (Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmo|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmaq 2, 'loop' face="Times New Roman Star"ilma"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"@l- face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jъlъ, jъlmak 'loop' face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ilin- (refl.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 170, ЭСТЯ 1, 343-346, Егоров 73-74. face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:ma- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 become blinded, dumb 2 (set) teeth on edge 3 to be tired, pine, droop face="Times New Roman Star"1 слепнуть, глохнуть 2 набивать оскомину 3 уставать, изнемогать face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Orkh.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- (MK , KB ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kamas?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Pav. C. , Бор. Бад. , MA ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qe|me|s?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gamas?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:mas?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ЭСТЯ 5, 242-243, 246-247. Cf. also Kirgh., Kaz. qam 'sorrow', Turkm. Gam GajGy 'mischief, sorrow'. Turk. > MMong. (MA ) qama- id. (see Щербак 1997 , 197). face="Times New Roman Star"*ia:g-, *ia:g-na- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to roll over, fall over 2 to climb over 3 to tumble 4 to turn over, capsize, let fall face="Times New Roman Star"1 падать, опрокидываться, свешиваться 2 перелезать 3 валяться, перекатываться 4 ронять, опрокидывать face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- 1, ag|dyr- 2, ag|yn- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|- 1, o|g|na- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yna- 3 (ЯЖУ 11) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|- 1, 2, a:g|-dar- 4, a:g|yna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"an|-dar- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"an|-dar- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"an|-tar- 4, an|-da- (<*an|-na-) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ha:g|a, ho|:g|a 'back, in the back' face="Times New Roman Star"jъw|van- 1, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"a:n|-na- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"an|da-r- 4, an|da-s?- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"o:- 1, o:na- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"aw-dar- 4, awna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"av- 1, av-dar- 4, avna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, 2, aw-la- 'to skim', awdar- 4, awna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"avdar- 4, av-g|a-la-n- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, 2, awdar- 4, awna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"av- 1, avdar- 4, av-la-n- 'to turn over, incline', avna- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 86-87, VEWT 7, ЭСТЯ 1, 69-70, 73-76. Forms like an|-dar- are not quite clear - caus. from the refl. *ia:g-yn- ? (but the refl. form is here not *ia:g-yn- but rather *ia:g-na-). face="Times New Roman Star"*jy:g-(la-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to weep, cry face="Times New Roman Star"плакать face="Times New Roman Star"yg|-la- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"yg|la-, jyg|la- (MK ), jyg|la- (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"jyla- face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|la- (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|la- face="Times New Roman Star"jig|la- face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|-la- face="Times New Roman Star"y: face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"yjla- face="Times New Roman Star"z?yla- face="Times New Roman Star"zyla- face="Times New Roman Star"z?yla- face="Times New Roman Star"jila- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 8, ЭСТЯ 1, 79-81. face="Times New Roman Star"*eg- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bend face="Times New Roman Star"гнуть face="Times New Roman Star"eg- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"eg- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"eg- face="Times New Roman Star"a"j-, a"jri face="Times New Roman Star"av-, aj- face="Times New Roman Star"iex- face="Times New Roman Star"iek- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 99, VEWT 37, ЭСТЯ 1, 330-332, Егоров 19, Stachowski 122 (Yak. iex- < *eg-ik-). face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to reach 2 to pass face="Times New Roman Star"1 достигать 2 проходить мимо face="Times New Roman Star"er- (OUygh.) 1, er-t- (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"er-, dial. e:r-, ir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Pav. C. , AH ) 1, ert- (CCum. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ert- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eris?- 1, ert- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"irde:- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"er- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"eris- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 288-289, 303, Федотов 1,172-173. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eril/- 'to contest, challenge' (ЭСТЯ 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HY ere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. e/r- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*jEl(b)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of short coat face="Times New Roman Star"вид короткой куртки face="Times New Roman Star"jelek face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ile|n, z?|ilbe|ge|j face="Times New Roman Star"jela"k (Pav. C. , Бор. Бад. ) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ela"k face="Times New Roman Star"jela"k, jela"n (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jelek (dial.), jelbegej face="Times New Roman Star"z?|elek, z?|elbegej, dial. z?|elegej face="Times New Roman Star"z?elek, z?elen|, z?elbegej, z?elegej face="Times New Roman Star"jelen| face="Times New Roman Star"jela"n, jelba"ga"j face="Times New Roman Star"jelek face="Times New Roman Star"z?elek, z?elen|, z?elbegej face="Times New Roman Star"jelbegej face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 196, ЭСТЯ 4, 177, 178. face="Times New Roman Star"*je:l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to ride, trot face="Times New Roman Star"бежать (рысью), нестись face="Times New Roman Star"jel- (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jel- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"jel- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|il- face="Times New Roman Star"jel- (Pav. C. , MA , Ettuhf. ), jil- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"jel- face="Times New Roman Star"jel-li `quickly' face="Times New Roman Star"jel-me `trot' face="Times New Roman Star"c?el- face="Times New Roman Star"ja"l-, d/el- face="Times New Roman Star"siel- face="Times New Roman Star"c?el- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|el- face="Times New Roman Star"z?el- face="Times New Roman Star"jeli- face="Times New Roman Star"jel- face="Times New Roman Star"z?el- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 918, VEWT 195, ЭСТЯ 4, 176-177. face="Times New Roman Star"*i:jn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hollow, pit, lair face="Times New Roman Star"берлога, яма face="Times New Roman Star"in (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"in, jin (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"hi:n face="Times New Roman Star"hi:.n face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@ face="Times New Roman Star"i:n face="Times New Roman Star"i:n face="Times New Roman Star"ijin face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166, VEWT 172, Егоров 79, Stachowski 131. face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.l/y- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"be lazy, emaciated, weak, quiet face="Times New Roman Star"быть ленивым, измученным; слабым, вялым, робким face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yq (adj.) (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"j@s?iq (adj.) face="Times New Roman Star"jes?iq (adj.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?azyg| (adj.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaz?y- (R ), d/az?yq (adj.) face="Times New Roman Star"syhyj- face="Times New Roman Star"c?az?y- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?y- face="Times New Roman Star"z?asy- face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yq (adj.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?asy- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, ЭСТЯ 4, 20-21, TMN 4, 173. face="Times New Roman Star"*a:ja ( < *a:n|/a) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"palm (of hand) face="Times New Roman Star"ладонь face="Times New Roman Star"aja (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"aja (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"aja face="Times New Roman Star"aja (Sangl. ; MKypch.- Houts. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"x|aja, x|ajan face="Times New Roman Star"a:ja face="Times New Roman Star"aja face="Times New Roman Star"aja 'center of a palm' face="Times New Roman Star"aja face="Times New Roman Star"aja 'мера длины - пальма; гребень для чесания пуха' face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz (< формы 3 л.) face="Times New Roman Star"aja face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10, ЭСТЯ 1, 100-101, Дыбо 179-181, Лексика 252. face="Times New Roman Star"*u":r/ (/*o":r/) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"on top, high above face="Times New Roman Star"наверху, высоко над face="Times New Roman Star"u"ze / o"ze (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ze (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"zer 'upper part' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ze (Pav. C. , Бор. Бад. ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ze, u"zi face="Times New Roman Star"u"za"ri face="Times New Roman Star"u"zeri face="Times New Roman Star"vir (<*o">r/) face="Times New Roman Star"u":he, u"o"he face="Times New Roman Star"u"he, u"o"he face="Times New Roman Star"A common Turkic derivative is *u"r/-t (with secondary vowel shortening): OT u"st, Turkm. u"st, Tat. o"s, Khal. ist etc. 'upper part'. See EDT 280-281, VEWT 523, 524, ЭСТЯ 1, 622-623, 638-639, Stachowski 249, 251, 255. face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:j face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 summer 2 summer pasture 3 spring face="Times New Roman Star"1 лето 2 летнее пастбище 3 весна face="Times New Roman Star"jaj (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jaj (MK ) 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jaj-la 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaj 1 (AH , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jaj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaj 1, jajla 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ja:j-la 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaj, d/aj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/u, s/ъv 1 face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"hajyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaj 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jej 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aj, z?aj, zaj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jij 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 179, ЭСТЯ 4, 74, 78-79, EDT 980, Лексика 74, Федотов 2, 128, Stachowski 93. face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:n| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wide face="Times New Roman Star"широкий face="Times New Roman Star"kin| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ken| (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gen face="Times New Roman Star"kin| face="Times New Roman Star"ke.n| (Sangl. , Abush. , Бор. Бад. ), ge.n| (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"gen face="Times New Roman Star"gi:n| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"ki:en|g face="Times New Roman Star"kien| face="Times New Roman Star"kien| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"kin| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"ken|, ken face="Times New Roman Star"ken| face="Times New Roman Star"gen| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 724-725, VEWT 253, EDT 724-725, ЭСТЯ 3, 46-47, Stachowski 147. face="Times New Roman Star"*ki:l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sable face="Times New Roman Star"соболь face="Times New Roman Star"kis? (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kis? (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kes? face="Times New Roman Star"kis? (MA , Pav. C. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kis? face="Times New Roman Star"kis? face="Times New Roman Star"kъw|s? face="Times New Roman Star"ki:s face="Times New Roman Star"ki:s face="Times New Roman Star"kis? face="Times New Roman Star"kis? face="Times New Roman Star"kis face="Times New Roman Star"kis, kis? face="Times New Roman Star"kes? face="Times New Roman Star"kis? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 272, TMN 3, 664-665, EDT 752, Щербак 1961 , 143, ЭСТЯ 5, 77-78, Лексика 162-163, Stachowski 149 (one of the Turk.-Samoyed. contact words; because of the Tungus parallel, probably Turk. > Samoyed., despite Helimski 1995 ). The Chuvash form reveals irregular vocalism and may in fact reflect a merger with PT *Ku"l/u"l 'rat, mole' (v. sub *k`e>\l/u/ ). Turk. > Mong. er-kis 'male sable', ebsi-gis 'female sable' (see Clark 1980 , 43). face="Times New Roman Star"*ki:n, *ki:n-du"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 navel, navelstring, centre 2 navel of a musk-deer, musk face="Times New Roman Star"1 пупок, пуповина, центр 2 мускусная железа, мускус face="Times New Roman Star"kin 'утроба, vagina; мускус', kindik 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kin (KB ), ku"n (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik, ku"nu"k (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik (MA , Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik, kindak 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 (ЯЖУ ) face="Times New Roman Star"kindik (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"k@n 1, k@nd@k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1, kin 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"k@nd@k (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ki:n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xin 1, 2, xindik 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xin 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1, 'belly' face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kinz?|ix, kintix 1 face="Times New Roman Star"gindik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 271, EDT 725, 729, ЭСТЯ 5, 68-69, Лексика 279-280. Turk. > Mong. kindik (Щербак 1997 , 127). face="Times New Roman Star"*To:r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"birch bark 2 birch cover (for a bow) 3 vessel made of birch bark face="Times New Roman Star"береста, изделия из бересты face="Times New Roman Star"toz (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"toz 'полоска для обертывания лука' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) toz 'материал для обертки лука' face="Times New Roman Star"tuz face="Times New Roman Star"toz 'кора горного миндаля, которой обертывают луки' (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to.s 'березовая кора, идущая на отделку седла' face="Times New Roman Star"tos, dial. tos? face="Times New Roman Star"tos face="Times New Roman Star"tos face="Times New Roman Star"tuos face="Times New Roman Star"tuos xa: face="Times New Roman Star"tos face="Times New Roman Star"dos face="Times New Roman Star"toz 'чага' face="Times New Roman Star"toz face="Times New Roman Star"tud| face="Times New Roman Star"toz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 491-2, EDT 571, Лексика 103. Turk. > WMong. tous, toos, Kalm. to:s, see Clark 1980 , 39. face="Times New Roman Star"*si:k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 urine 2 to urinate face="Times New Roman Star"1 моча 2 мочиться face="Times New Roman Star"sid- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sid|- 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si- (AH , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"siz-, sez-, syz- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si:dik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"side- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si:d- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ъk 1, s?ъr- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i:k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i:k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sidik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 799, VEWT 421, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 130. Only Yak. and Chuv. reflect the original *si:k; all other languages reflect a derivative *si:g-t- / *si:g-d- (present also outside Turkic) > *si:d-. Also widely reflected is the secondary derivative *si:d-dik 'urine' ( > Turkm. si:dik etc., see ЭСТЯ 7). face="Times New Roman Star"*bod-tak face="Times New Roman Star"young lamb face="Times New Roman Star"1 ягненок 2 холостой face="Times New Roman Star"bujdak 2 (ba"ti барашек < Chuv.?) face="Times New Roman Star"bojdag| (R ) 1 молодой баран 2 холостой face="Times New Roman Star"bo.jdo|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"postan|, postug| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojdon| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"pod'ak, dial. put@ 1, козленок **AD face="Times New Roman Star"bottan| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojdok 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 1 (валух старше одного года; яловый), 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojdak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bujzaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojdax 2, 'молодой человек' face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 1 (валух старше одного года), 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 77-8, Федотов 1 455 **AD. Turk. > Kalm. bojd@g (KW 49), Khalkha, Bur. bojtog 'fur boots'. Shor postan| seems to point to *bod-tak, but this is probably a secondary influence of *bod > pos (the roots are different anyway, being distinguished not only by *-j- *-d-, but also by vowel length). **AD Откуда долгота? Нет никаких оснований. Семантика производящего *bod| - рост, тело, сам, одинокий, холостой, у производного - холостой, молодой баран (в ч-ти шор. postan|, postug|, саг. postan| 'холостой'). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.tku-c? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a stinging insect face="Times New Roman Star"кусающее насекомое face="Times New Roman Star"qatquc? (MK - Argu) 'a thing which stings like a scorpion' face="Times New Roman Star"xyt-kajъk 'жужелица' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 599, ДТС . Cf. also (MK ) qod|g|u 'fly'. The Chuvash word is analysed as 'hard-bird' or 'hard-animal', which is probably a folk-etymological reanalysis of *ka.tku-.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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