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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ko"pe face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 coat of mail 2 ring of mail 3 earring 4 overcoat 5 saddle-pad for a camel 6 film of egg, exuviae 7 a k. of cloth or carpet face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîëü÷óãà 2 êîëüöî êîëü÷óãè 3 ñåðüãà 4 ïëàù, ïàëüòî 5 âåðáëþæüå ñåäëî 6 ïëåíêà ÿéöà, ñáðîøåííàÿ êîæà 7 âèä òêàíè èëè êîâðà face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 1, 2, 3, ku"pik (MK ) 4, ko"pc?u"k (MK ) 5, ko"psu"n 'mattress' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 3, kepeneg, ko"penek 4, ko"pen 7 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pen (ku"pen) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"n 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|be 6 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pu" 'øóáà èç ìåõà ìåäâåæîíêà' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ps?ik 'pillow' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 687, 688, 689, ÝÑÒß 5, 48-49, 108 (Tur. ko"pen being attributed here to a quite different root, see under *ko"p- 'to swell, foam'), 114-115, 129-130, TMN 3, 581-583. The above forms are hard to separate, and Doerfer's point of view that ko"penek is secondarily < kepenek is probably faulty (even though ko"penek is attested later: ko"pen is certainly attested earlier, and an assimilative delabialization *ko"penek > kepenek seems quite plausible). The Chuvash form shows that the original meaning of the root must have been 'transparent covering, film', whence 'coat of mail' etc. Turk. > Mong. kebeneg 'saddle-cloth, shirt', Hung. ko"po"nyeg 'raincoat' (Gombocz 1912 ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sin|ek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 mosquito 2 fly face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîìàð 2 ìóõà face="Times New Roman Star"sin|ek 1,2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sinek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sin|ak, sin|gek 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"syn|gek 'gad-fly' face="Times New Roman Star"sina"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sin|ek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sik, se:k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"se:k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?úna 2 face="Times New Roman Star"se:k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sinek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sinek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 838, VEWT 422-423, Ëåêñèêà 185, ÝÑÒß 7. Cf. also Yak., Dolg. yn|yrya 'bee, wasp' (Stachowski 261). Turk. > Hung. szunyog 'mosquito', see Gombocz 1912 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tok face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hummel 2 base of a horn 3 with a shaved head face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîìîëûé 2 îñíîâàíèå ðîãà 3 áðèòîãîëîâûé face="Times New Roman Star"toq 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"toqal (R ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"to.qo|l 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"? toq 'Gipfel, Spitze' face="Times New Roman Star"toqpaq 'êóöûé' (õâîñò), doqpaq 'êîðíîóõèé' face="Times New Roman Star"? to'q 'êðóïíûé î øàðîîáðàçíîì' face="Times New Roman Star"toqol 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"toqal, toqalaq 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tuqal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'ñ òóïûì êîíöîì' face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485, 486 (but not < Mong., despite Ra"sa"nen); EDT 464.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kom- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 horse dung 2 sheep dung balls 3 round, spheroid face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîíñêèé ïîìåò 2 êàòûøêè îâå÷üåãî ïîìåòà 3 êðóãëûé, øàðîîáðàçíûé face="Times New Roman Star"qomuq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qumal 3, qumalag| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qumalaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, VEWT 299. Cf. also Chag. qombul 'round knob' (VEWT 279; the isolated Kalm. qumbaji-, qumbiji- 'sich zusammenballen', see KW 196) may have a Turkic origin).
face="Times New Roman Star"*supy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 conus-shaped 2 oval, long face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîíóñîîáðàçíûé 2 îâàëüíûé, ïðîäîëãîâàòûé face="Times New Roman Star"suby 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"subu, suby (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"su.po|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sopaj 'long person', sopaq 'conus-shaped cylinder' face="Times New Roman Star"sopaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sopaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 784-785. Turk. > WMong. subag|, Kalm. sow@g|, KW 332). Cf. also Tur. sopa 'big stick'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to end, accomplish 2 to be ended 3 to create, build 4 to heal 5 to grow, ripen face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîí÷àòü, çàâåðøàòü 2 êîí÷àòüñÿ 3 ñîçäàâàòü, ñòðîèòü 4 çàæèâàòü 5 âûðàñòàòü, âûçðåâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"bet- 2, bet-e|s?- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"pyt-, put- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"pu"d-u"r- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|t- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"bo"t- 2, bo"t-o"s?- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5; 'to close' face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"pit- 2, 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, TMN 2, 267, EDT 298-9, 306, ÝÑÒß 2, 152-154, 302-303, Stachowski 68. Cf. also PT *bu"tu"n 'all, whole' - a derivative from *bu"t-. Turk. > Mong. *bu"te-, *bu"tu"- (KW 69-70, TMN 2, 268-269, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 111).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sab- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be stopped, hindered, discontinued 2 to stop, finish 3 to turn off (the road) 4 to get rid of 5 to turn downwards, decline 6 to pass, pass away face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîí÷àòüñÿ, îñòàíàâëèâàòüñÿ 2 ïåðåñòàâàòü, ïðåêðàùàòüñÿ 3 ñâîðà÷èâàòü (ñ ïóòè) 4 èçáàâëÿòüñÿ 5 ñêëîíÿòüñÿ êíèçó, óäàëÿòüñÿ, óñòðàíÿòüñÿ 6 ïðîõîäèòü, èñ÷åçàòü face="Times New Roman Star"savra- 1, savyl- 5 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sav- 4, savus?- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"sav- 3, 4 (AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"so|w-, su:-, so|wul-, suwul- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sovul- 2, sovus?- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"sow- 3, sowul- 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"saus?- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"savus?- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 788-789, 791, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to tear, rip open 3 to row 4 to swim 5 to throw away face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ðâàòü 3 ãðåñòè 4 ïëàâàòü 5 âûêèäûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"is?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ijs?-gek `oar' face="Times New Roman Star"is- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ha"s?u"- face="Times New Roman Star"alt- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"es-, is- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"es?ti- 4, es?- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"es?-, e'hit- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 51, EDT 255-6, ÝÑÒß 1, 315-316, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 95. Chuv. is?- 'to row; to swim; to demolish, tear' is evidently borrowed from Tat. (as opposed to the genuine al-t- ). Khal. h- is unclear here (external evidence clearly points to *0-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to scrape, scratch 3 plane face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü 3 ðóáàíîê face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (KB ), qazy- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kaz- 1,2, kazy- 2, kazag|y 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (AH , Houts. , MA , IM , Pav. C. ) 1, (Pav. C. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1, qazi- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1,2, Gazy- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1, Gaza- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. xas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xas- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qad|y- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 185-186, Ìóäðàê 103, Stachowski 140. Chuv. -y- is not quite clear here.
face="Times New Roman Star"*or- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 hole, pit 3 to tear out, drag out face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 äûðà, ÿìà 3 âûðûâàòü, âûòàñêèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"oru 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"or- 1, or 2 face="Times New Roman Star"var 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 466-468, TMN 2, 144, Stachowski 196. Turk. > Kalm. ur 'hole, pit'. The Chuv. form may point to a variant *o:r (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"n|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig, delve 2 hole, cave face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü, ïðîêîâûðèâàòü 2 ïåùåðà, íîðà face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|u"r 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|- 1, u"n|u"r 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"un|ur 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|gu"r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|g|u"r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|u"- 1, u"n|ku"r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u">n|gi- 1, u"n|gi>r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|gi- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u">n|u">- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|gi- 1, u"n|gir 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 169, 188-189, ÝÑÒß 1, 634, VEWT 521. Turk. *u"n|u"r > Mong. u"n|gu"r (Ùåðáàê 1997 , 162).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bakan/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hoof 2 knucklebone 3 joints in animals' feet face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïûòî 2 áàáêà 3 ñóñòàâû â íîãàõ æèâîòíûõ face="Times New Roman Star"baqanaq 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"baqanaq, baqajaq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bakanak, bakynak 1, 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"be|ke|l 2 face="Times New Roman Star"baqalc?a"q 'shinbone' face="Times New Roman Star"bag|anag|, bag|anc?ag| 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"pag|ajax, maxajax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"mahnyq `metatarsus' (ÔèË 205) face="Times New Roman Star"baqaj 3 face="Times New Roman Star"baqaj 3 face="Times New Roman Star"baqaj 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ba"qa"l 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 58, EDT 316-317, ÝÑÒß 2, 43-44, Äûáî 310, Ëåêñèêà 286-287.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:puk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark (n.) 2 shell face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq (Tefs. ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kabuk 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qapuq 1 (MA , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|biq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qobuq (R, o-t) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"GabyG 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:byG 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xabyx (Kach.) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xavyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap, qaby 1, 2 'external cover, covering' face="Times New Roman Star"qabux 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 234, TMN 3, 368-9, ÝÑÒß 5, 168, Ëåêñèêà 107, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.b- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 shell 3 husk 4 bran face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà 3 øåëóõà 4 îòðóáè, ìÿêèíà face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq 4 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq, qavuq (MK , KB ) 4 face="Times New Roman Star"kavuz 3, kavza 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vuz 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qovzaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gavyz (dial.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xo:x 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qo:q 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xyvúx 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xo:-tara: 'a k. of millet with sagging panicles' face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4 face="Times New Roman Star"quvyq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, EDT 583, ÝÑÒß 5, 173-174, 178-179, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 62. The root should be distinguished from *K(i)ab- 'peeled skin, peel' (v. sub *k`i_a:\bu ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/, *Kar/-dyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 scales 3 dandruff 4 to peel bark 5 to husk nuts face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ÷åøóÿ 3 ïåðõîòü 4 ñäèðàòü êîðó 5 ëóùèòü îðåõè face="Times New Roman Star"qadyz 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qaz, qad|yz 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qajry 1, dial. qajyz 1; qajyzla- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|o|q 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qazdyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xastyryx 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xujúr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qatyryk 1; xasta:- 'to skin' face="Times New Roman Star"kasta:- 'to skin' face="Times New Roman Star"qazyryq 2, qazy- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qa's- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qajry, dial. qajyd| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, 243, EDT 608, 665, ÝÑÒß 5, 211-212, 328, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 352, Ëåêñèêà 107. The original form here is *Kar/; a suffixed form was *Kar/dy(r/), later simplified to *Kadyr/. This can be clearly seen from forms like SUygh. and Khak. Another possible explanation could be an early dissimilation (*Kar/-yr/ > *Kadyr/ = *Kad|yr/, or already after the zetacism, *Kazyz > *Kad|yz). There is some confusion between *Kar/ and *Kas, *Kasuk in Old Turkic, but MK definitely spells the word as qaz.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to"r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 foundation, root 2 origin, ancestors face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðåíü 2 ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, îñíîâàíèå, ðîä, ïðåäêè face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (MK , KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"to"z 1 ('root of the ear' - Sangl. ), 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 'original spirits', to"s-te- 'to lay ground' face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2, to"s-tu"k 'tree trunk' face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2; 'shrub; original spirits' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"re 'object of dedication; spirit' face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t face="Times New Roman Star"do"s 1, 2, 'shrub' face="Times New Roman Star"do"s, to"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"to"z, to"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 495, TMN 2, 612, EDT 571, Ëåêñèêà 109, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 264, Stachowski 228.
face="Times New Roman Star"*in-gek (/*yn-gak), *in-ken face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 cow 2 female camel face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîâà 2 âåðáëþäèöà face="Times New Roman Star"ingek (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ingen 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ingek 1, ingen 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i>na"k 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 (AH ), inen 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k, ina"j 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k 1, (dial.) ingan, in|gan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"inek, enek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 (ÝÑÒß), inen 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i>nek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"inek, na"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"inek, ijnek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"@ne 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ynax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, en|gin 2 face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, in|gen 2 face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, i>n|gen 2 face="Times New Roman Star"inek, ijnek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"in|gen 2 face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 184, VEWT 172, ÝÑÒß 1, 358-361, Åãîðîâ 64, Ëåêñèêà 436, 447-448). Turk. > Mong. in|gen 'female camel'; Hung. u"no? 'heifer' (Gombocz 1912 ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kys- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 short 2 narrow 3 to squeeze face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîòêèé 2 óçêèé 3 ñäàâëèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qysg|a (Orkh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qys- 3 (MK , KB ), qysyg| 2 (MK ), qysqa 1 (KB ), qysg|a 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kysa 1, kys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 (Abush. ), qys- (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa, qysGa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa 1, Gys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xysxa 1, xys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@k 2, x@s- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"kyhaj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyhalga 'straits, sorrow' ( = Yak. kyhalga) face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qy's- 4, qyzy: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qy'sqa 1, qy's- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysxa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qsyqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysGa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kys-ga 'short' is derived from PT *Kys- 'to press, squeeze'. See VEWT 267, EDT 665-7, ÝÑÒß 6, 251-253, Stachowski 167.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"m- ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of weed 2 a sort of wheat with very light grains face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîñòåð äàíòîíèåâèäíûé 2 ñîðò ïøåíèöû ñ ëåãêèìè çåðíàìè face="Times New Roman Star"su"mter 2 face="Times New Roman Star"su"msu"le 1 face="Times New Roman Star"The root is poorly reflected and hardly reliable.
face="Times New Roman Star"*syn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 double shin bone face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîñòè ãîëåíè 2 ïàðíîå êîïûòî face="Times New Roman Star"syrnak (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syjraq 2, (ÊÑÒÒ ) syrysxan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"san|raq (Pav. C. ), syg|raq (AH ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syn|yr (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"syn|raq, syrnaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syrsax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"y:ra:x 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sa:r 'âåðõ ñòóïíè', syry 'êîïûòî', sy:rg|aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syjra 'ïÿòêà' face="Times New Roman Star"syjraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syjraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syrc?a 'áåäðî' face="Times New Roman Star"syjraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syjraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 803, ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 147-148, 287. In some languages the reflex may have merged with *sydyr-gak (v. sub *si_udu ).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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