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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*du"l/-u"n-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to think, understandface="Times New Roman Star"äóìàòü, ïîíèìàòüface="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"-t-le-n-il- (OUygh.), tu"s?u"n- (OUygh. - USp.)
face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n-face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?en-face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"tus?un-face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-, c?u"s?u"n-
face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n-face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z?u"-met 'intelligent, reasonable'

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s 'serious, reasonable'


face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-face="Times New Roman Star"tu"sin-face="Times New Roman Star"tu"sin-

face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n-face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-face="Times New Roman Star"tu"sin-
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 507, EDT 562, ÝÑÒß 335-336.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.dil/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"vesselface="Times New Roman Star"ñîñóäface="Times New Roman Star"edis? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ed/d|is? (MK), ijis? (IM)

face="Times New Roman Star"edis? (Abush., Sangl.), id|is? (Qutb)



face="Times New Roman Star"i:dis? (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. edis

face="Times New Roman Star"hidi:.s?
face="Times New Roman Star"ihit
face="Times New Roman Star"idis?face="Times New Roman Star"idis?face="Times New Roman Star"idis?face="Times New Roman Star"ydys




face="Times New Roman Star"ydys

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 36, EDT 72, ÝÑÒß 1, 328-329. Turk. > Mong. idis? (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 119). Yak. ihit < isit < itis; most of the other modern forms are probably backloans < Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e>.dn|e-rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"saddleface="Times New Roman Star"ñåäëî
face="Times New Roman Star"ed|er (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eyerface="Times New Roman Star"ije|rface="Times New Roman Star"e.gerface="Times New Roman Star"egarface="Times New Roman Star"eg@(r)face="Times New Roman Star"ezerface="Times New Roman Star"ja"ha"rface="Times New Roman Star"ejerface="Times New Roman Star"izerface="Times New Roman Star"ezerface="Times New Roman Star"e:r
face="Times New Roman Star"j@nerface="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:rface="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:rface="Times New Roman Star"ezerface="Times New Roman Star"e'zer (Ðàñ. ÔèË 183)face="Times New Roman Star"e:rface="Times New Roman Star"erface="Times New Roman Star"ijerface="Times New Roman Star"eja"rface="Times New Roman Star"ijerface="Times New Roman Star"je:rface="Times New Roman Star"jerface="Times New Roman Star"jerface="Times New Roman Star"en|er (Kakuk)face="Times New Roman Star"erface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 63, VEWT 36, ÝÑÒß 1, 241-242, 658-659, Ëåêñèêà 539, Stachowski 261. Reflexes of the cluster are complicated by borrowings: e.g. Tuva, Tof. is < Khak. Turk. *edn|er-c?ak 'pack saddle' > MMong. in|g|irc?aq, WMong. jan|g|irc?aq id. (TMN 2, 128-129, Ùåðáàê 1997, 164, Àíèêèí 88).
face="Times New Roman Star"*eginface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shoulderface="Times New Roman Star"ïëå÷îface="Times New Roman Star"egin (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"egin (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eg|in, ejin 'back'
face="Times New Roman Star"egin (Abush., Pav. C.), in (Pav. C.) 'back'face="Times New Roman Star"egin
face="Times New Roman Star"igenface="Times New Roman Star"a"jin 'body'face="Times New Roman Star"egin (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"in|ni>face="Times New Roman Star"a"n|in, eginiface="Times New Roman Star"ijin
face="Times New Roman Star"avún, anface="Times New Roman Star"ien
face="Times New Roman Star"eg|in
face="Times New Roman Star"ijinface="Times New Roman Star"i>ji>nface="Times New Roman Star"ijin


face="Times New Roman Star"i:n, inface="Times New Roman Star"ijin

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 109, VEWT 37, ÝÑÒß 1, 225-227, Åãîðîâ 26, Ëåêñèêà 239, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 42-43.
face="Times New Roman Star"*egir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to twist, spinface="Times New Roman Star"êðóòèòü, ïðÿñòü
face="Times New Roman Star"egir- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ejir-face="Times New Roman Star"ir- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"egir- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"jigir-face="Times New Roman Star"jiger-, igir-
face="Times New Roman Star"a"jir-face="Times New Roman Star"egir-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-, egir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jir-face="Times New Roman Star"avúr-la-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-is- 'ñïóòàòüñÿ î ëåñêàõ'; ieregej 'humming-top'face="Times New Roman Star"ieregej 'drill'face="Times New Roman Star"e:r-
face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-
face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-
face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ig|er-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 112, ÝÑÒß 1, 227-231, TMN 2, 192, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 27, Stachowski 122. The Chuv. form reflects a partial merger with *ebir- (v. sub *i_a>\pV).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ediface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hostface="Times New Roman Star"õîçÿèíface="Times New Roman Star"edi (idi) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"id|i (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ije, ys, isface="Times New Roman Star"ija"face="Times New Roman Star"eje (Áîð. Áàä., Abush.), ije (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"a"ja" (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"iseface="Times New Roman Star"jija"face="Times New Roman Star"ejeface="Times New Roman Star"e:face="Times New Roman Star"e:face="Times New Roman Star"e:

face="Times New Roman Star"ic?c?iface="Times New Roman Star"ic?c?iface="Times New Roman Star"e: ( < Oyr. or Khak.)
face="Times New Roman Star"e:face="Times New Roman Star"i>jeface="Times New Roman Star"ijeface="Times New Roman Star"i>ja"face="Times New Roman Star"ije
face="Times New Roman Star"ije, jeface="Times New Roman Star"ije
face="Times New Roman Star"jejeface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 237-241, TMN 2, 176, EDT 41, Ëåêñèêà 324-325, Stachowski 122. Some forms (Tur. ys, is, Yak. ic?c?i etc.) go back to a suffixed *ede-si; the Khak. and Shor forms should be explained as a haplology of the same form.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ejeku"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"side, upper ribface="Times New Roman Star"áîê, âåðõíåå ðåáðîface="Times New Roman Star"ejegu" (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ejegu" (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"eje; (Osm.) ejegi
face="Times New Roman Star"ejegu", u"jegi (Sangl.)








face="Times New Roman Star"ajúkface="Times New Roman Star"ojog|os ( < *ajaku-c??)face="Times New Roman Star"ojogosface="Times New Roman Star"e:giface="Times New Roman Star"e:?gi









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 38, EDT 272, Åãîðîâ 38, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 64, Ëåêñèêà 275, Stachowski 190.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ej-men-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be shy, timid, afraidface="Times New Roman Star"ñìóùàòüñÿ, ðîáåòü, ïóãàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"ejmen- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ejmen- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"imen-face="Times New Roman Star"ima"n-face="Times New Roman Star"ejmen- (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ijma"n-face="Times New Roman Star"a"jma"n-
face="Times New Roman Star"ejma"n- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ejmen-

face="Times New Roman Star"ijmen-





face="Times New Roman Star"ijmen-face="Times New Roman Star"i>jmen-face="Times New Roman Star"ijmen-


face="Times New Roman Star"emen-face="Times New Roman Star"ijmen-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10, EDT 273, ÝÑÒß 1, 249-251. Turk. > WMong. ajman- (Ùåðáàê 1997, 96); but Mong. *aju- can be hardly regarded as a Turkism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ek-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sow 2 to scatterface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñåÿòü 2 ðàçáðàñûâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"ek- (Late OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- (MK, KB) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ik- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- (Abush., Sangl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a"k- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ha"k- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ak- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ik- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ex- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 100, ÝÑÒß 1, 251-252. Turk. > Hung. eke 'plough' (< *a"ka"g|), see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.ke-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to file 2 file (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïèëèòü, îáòà÷èâàòü 2 íàïèëüíèê
face="Times New Roman Star"ike- ( ? ege-) 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eje 2face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ego|w 2face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k, iga"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ja" 2face="Times New Roman Star"i:ge 2face="Times New Roman Star"ige- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egu" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"j@gev 'whetstone'face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2face="Times New Roman Star"eg|e-, o"g|e- 1, eg|e: 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ege-, o"go"- 1, ego":, o"go": 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ija 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege, egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2
face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101, VEWT 38, ÝÑÒß 1, 326-328, TMN 2, 93, Åãîðîâ 77, Ëåêñèêà 399, Stachowski 123.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ek-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to decrease, be insufficient 2 common, ordinary, low class; fault, faultyface="Times New Roman Star"1 óìåíüøàòüñÿ, áûòü íåäîñòàòî÷íûì 2 îáû÷íûé, íèçêîðîäíûé; íåäîñòàòîê, íåäîñòàòî÷íûéface="Times New Roman Star"egsu"- 1, egil 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"egsu"- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eksi-, eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eksu"- 1 (Abush.), o"ksu"-, o"ksu"l- 1 (Pav. C.), o"ksu"k 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gsu"- 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"skik 2face="Times New Roman Star"egis-, egsil- 1, egsik 2



face="Times New Roman Star"iks@l- 1, j@ksek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksu"- 1, o"ksu"k 2



face="Times New Roman Star"jisil- 1face="Times New Roman Star"eksil- 1, eksik 2


face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 257-258, Åãîðîâ 77, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 199; EDT 106, 117. The Chuv. Anlaut is not quite clear (iks@l- < *j@ks@l-?; one of the cases with prothetic j-, so the openness / closedness of the vowel in PT remains unknown); Ôåäîòîâ 1, 193 derives Chuv. j@ksik from PT *jek (v. sub *l/a:\k`e\), but this is phonetically impossible.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ek-l/c?i-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sour, acid, bitter 2 to be sour, bitterface="Times New Roman Star"1 êèñëûé, ãîðüêèé 2 áûòü êèñëûì, ãîðüêèì
face="Times New Roman Star"eks?ig (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"eks?i 1, eks?i- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eks?i 1, eks?i- 2 (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"a"ks?i 1face="Times New Roman Star"egs?it- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"j@ksu" ( < *j@ks/u") 1








face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?i 1, i:s?i- 2face="Times New Roman Star"eks?i 1, eks?i- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 118, ÝÑÒß 1, 259-260, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 199.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e>lge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sift; 2 sieveface="Times New Roman Star"ñèòî, ïðîñåèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (MK), ele- 1 (IM), elek 2 (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile|- 1, ile|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ela- 1, elak 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"gli- 1, a"lga"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"la"- 1, a"la"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilge- 1, ilgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jla"- 1, ha"jla"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"alla- 1, alla 2

face="Times New Roman Star"egle- / elge- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, elge- 1, elek, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile- 1, ilek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"iele- 1, ielek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, o"le- 1, elek, o"lek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elex 2 (ÑÑß 324)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 143, VEWT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 261-263, Åãîðîâ 24. The behaviour of the internal cluster is phonetically normal (not on a morphemic boundary). Turk. *elgek > WMong. elgeg, Kalm. elg@g (KW 119, TMN 2, 118, Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.l-t-, -c?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to bring, carry 2 to lead, drive, sendface="Times New Roman Star"1 íåñòè 2 âåñòè, ïîñûëàòüface="Times New Roman Star"elt- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"elt-, elet- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ilet- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- (Houts.) 2, ilet- (Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2



face="Times New Roman Star"jes/- , les/- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1, 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 132, VEWT 41, ÝÑÒß 1, 267-269, Stachowski 125, 126. Turk. > Mong. elde-, Kalm. eld@- (KW 119).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"skin of kid or lambface="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà êîçëåíêà èëè ÿãíåíêà, êàðàêóëü
face="Times New Roman Star"elri, eldiri (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"elteri (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"eltirik (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ltera"

face="Times New Roman Star"elteri, elter (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>face="Times New Roman Star"eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>, eltir

face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri
face="Times New Roman Star"eltirface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, ÝÑÒß 1, 269-270.
face="Times New Roman Star"*em-ig, *em-c?ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 breast (fem.) 2 to suck 3 nippleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóäü (æåí.) 2 ñîñàòü 3 ñîñîêface="Times New Roman Star"emig 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"e.m- 2 (MK), e.mig 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emz?|ik 1face="Times New Roman Star"im- 2, imc?e|k 1face="Times New Roman Star"e.m- 2 (Pav. C.), emc?ek 1 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"emc?ak 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"m- 2, a"mc?a"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"emyg| 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"mz?|a"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emz?|ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, imz?|ek 1

face="Times New Roman Star"a"m- 2face="Times New Roman Star"@w|m- 2face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emi:j 1face="Times New Roman Star"emij 1face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emig 1face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emij 'udder'face="Times New Roman Star"emc?ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ems?ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"imsa"k 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ems?ek 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 41-2, EDT 158-9, ÝÑÒß 1, 271-272, Åãîðîâ 63, Ëåêñèêà 273-274, Stachowski 45. PT *em-ig and *em-c?ek (the latter form is first attested in the 13th c.) are derived from *em- 'to suck'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Emgek-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to crawlface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëçòèface="Times New Roman Star"o"mgekle- (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"emekle-
face="Times New Roman Star"emgekle- (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"ema"kla"-face="Times New Roman Star"in|a"kla"- (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ima"kla"-face="Times New Roman Star"imekle-face="Times New Roman Star"i>mekte-, ni>mekte-face="Times New Roman Star"emekte-face="Times New Roman Star"emekte-, emgekte-





face="Times New Roman Star"emgekte-face="Times New Roman Star"en|bekte-


face="Times New Roman Star"mekle-



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 160, VEWT 42, ÝÑÒß 1, 275. The noun *emgek 'crawling' is preserved in Tur. dial. imek, Chag. emgek 'crawling child' (and, despite Clauson ibid. it certainly has nothing to do with *emgek 'worry, pains', see *emge-). Cf. also forms like Turkm. en|kej- 'bow' and Yak., Dolg. u"n|k- 'to bow' (contractions?); see Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*emge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer, be tortured 2 bother, worry, painsface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü, ïîäâåðãàòüñÿ ïûòêàì 2 õëîïîòû, ìó÷åíèå, òðóäface="Times New Roman Star"emge- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"emge- 1, emgek 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"emen- 1, emek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- (AH, Pav. C.) 1, emgek (AH, Abush.), emek (Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. emge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. e|mge|n- 1, e|mge|k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ma"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"aman- 1, amak 'illness'face="Times New Roman Star"emek 'decrepit'
face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 'chronic illness'
face="Times New Roman Star"emgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 2face="Times New Roman Star"embek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2

face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 159, VEWT 42, ÝÑÒß 1, 272-275, 25-26. Turk. > Mong. emge- (Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:nc?u"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 fief, land and vassals presented by the ruler 2 gift, dowryface="Times New Roman Star"1 âëàäåíèå, çåìëÿ è ÷åëÿäü, ïîæàëîâàííûå íà÷àëüíèêîì 2 ïîäàðîê, ïðèäàíîåface="Times New Roman Star"inc?u" (/anc?u) 1 (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"inc?e 2face="Times New Roman Star"enc?u" 1 (Abush. 82)face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|u 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"nc?i 1 (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"i:nz?|i 2face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"enn/ie 2


face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"inse 2face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i `own'

face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i-li 'own'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 44, EDT 173, ÝÑÒß 1, 361-362, Ëåêñèêà 347-348, Äûáî 1997. Turk. > MMong. enc?u", WMong. inz?|e, Kalm. inz?|@ (KW 208, 296). Mong. inz?|e 'dowry' may be in fact a word of different (Chinese) origin, see Haenisch 82, TMN 2, 224, EDT ibid., and modern Turkic forms may reflect a confusion of the original form and the later mongolism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:n-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer 2 to be abashed, distressed 4 colic 5 to grizzle, slug 6 (birth) pains, labours 7 impatience 8 drag, disturbance 9 flaw, fault 10 obtuse, absent-minded 11 to torture, offendface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü 2 ðàñòåðÿòüñÿ, ïðèéòè â çàìåøàòåëüñòâî 4 êîëèêà 5 êàïðèçíè÷àòü, íåæèòüñÿ 6 ïîòóãè, ðîäîâûå ñõâàòêè 7 íåòåðïåíèå 8 îáóçà, ïîìåõà 9 óïóùåíèå, ïðîìàõ 10 ðàññåÿííûé, áåñòîëêîâûé 11 ìó÷èòü, îáèæàòüface="Times New Roman Star"enegu" 4 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"enc?ik- 'to lose feelings' (MK, KB), enegu" 4 (MK), enit- (AH) 2face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 1, enz?|e-le- 5face="Times New Roman Star"entu"k- 1face="Times New Roman Star"entik- 1face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|ik 6
face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 6, enc?ik 7face="Times New Roman Star"i.nz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"andúx- 1, 7, anzux 'dumb, sclerotic person'face="Times New Roman Star"enn'e-lik 8, enc?i 9


face="Times New Roman Star"ente-le- 2, entik- 'to suffer from dyspnoea', eno": 10
face="Times New Roman Star"enew 4face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 1, inte- 11face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"enz?|ek 'newborn'face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|yt-, inc?it- 11 (T)

face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 174, 184, ÝÑÒß 1, 283, Åãîðîâ 29. Doerfer (Khal.) suggests Arabic origin, which is quite improbable. Vowel length is suggested by the voiced -z?|- of the suffix in several languages.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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