face="Times New Roman Star"s/avar-/s/ar- 1, s/avra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sebirij- 'to uncoil (of a twisted rope)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jir- 'to twiddle a whirligig'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to tuck', c?u"jre 'contrariwise'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?evir- 1, c?evra" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"сivir-, c?evir- 1, civre 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to wrap'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 398, Егоров 201-201, Федотов 2, 80. Despite VEWT, there are no reasons to regard the Chuv. word as a borrowing.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?igit / *c?ygyt ( ? -k-)
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 393, 406,408, 413, 418, VEWT 107, Лексика 39, Stachowski 106. The actual reflexes are best explained if we postulate an opposition *c?yj 'wet, raw' - *c?yj-yk 'dew, moisture' (with further contractions). Some forms, however, could be secondarily borrowed from Mong. (see Kal/. MEJ 34).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 poor 2 mischief 3 impolite, rough
face="Times New Roman Star"1 бедный 2 беда, несчастье 3 грубый, неучтивый
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|an/ (Orkh.), c?yg|aj (OUygh.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (MK), c?yg|an (MK - Argu) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj, c?yg|an (dial.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (R), c?yg|an (R, Pav. C.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sa:j 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?a:j 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yjyr 2 (with an unexplained -r)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yn 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 107, EDT 408-409, Лексика 334. Chuv. c?uxan 'poor' may be of different origin (cf. an aberrant reflex of *g), cf. c?ux 'mediocre', c?uxъ 'poor' ( < *jok?).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pinch 2 a pinch, thimbleful
face="Times New Roman Star"1 щипать, брать щипком 2 щипок, щепотка
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik, c?imz?|ik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?e-t-, c?emc?e-n- 1, c?emc?ek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi- 1, c?imdik 2 (Pav. C.), (CCum.) c?ymdy- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im-, c?imc?i-, c?imc?i-la-, c?imdi-, c?imi-t- 1, c?imdi-m 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi-, c?imqi- 1, c?ymdim 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|/ume- 'to pick out, pull out'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik-le- 1, c?imdik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"mmu"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymz?|y-la- 1, c?ymc?yx 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?imc?i- 1, s?imc?ik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?y- 1, c?ymc?y-m 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?@b@t- 1, c?@pt@m, c?@pk@m 2 (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymc?y- 1, s?ymc?ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymz?|y- 1, s?ymz?|ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?y-, c?ymc?y-la- 1, c?ymc?ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?y-, s?yms?y-la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymty- 1, s?ymqym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"semte- 1, semte-m 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imde- 1, c?imdik 2, cymda-, c?ymda- 'to bite'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?y-, s?yms?y-la- 1, s?ym, s?yms?ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 108, TMN 3, 99, Егоров 323, Федотов 2, 413. Chuv. c?@b@t- is phonetically strange; it may reflect a secondary denasalization (Мудрак Дисс. 50), but may actually be a trace of a different root, cf. PA *c?`i/p`u/ or *c?`abo.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 1 (MK), c?er-le-n- 'to be constipated; to suppurate (of eyes)' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, c?irk 5, c?iris? 'flour paste'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 4, c?irla"- 4, c?ere- 3, c?erek 7
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 'tumeur, clou', c?ire- 'se de/gou/\ter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irk 'snuff; hardened wheel ointment'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"r 'horse's heart attack', c?a"rla"- 6, c?irk 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?irk '(dirty) spot; insult', c?errik 'illness (of cattle)'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir, dial. c?e.r 4, s/@r- 3, 6, s/@r@k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 9, 'hard tumour', c?erle- 'to be anguished', c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irenc? 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, 9, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sir 4, sere- 3, serek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iris? 8
face="Times New Roman Star"ciri-, c?iri- 3, cirik, c?irik 2, c?yrys? 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 9, s?ir- 3, s?irik 2, s?iris? 'slime'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, 9, c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irkew 'maggots in rotten food'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 427, 430, TMN 1077, Егоров 211-212, 326, Федотов 2,111-112, 420. As Doerfer notes, Turkic forms of the type c?irkin 'dirty, nasty, ugly' (Chag., Tur., Gag., Tat., Uzb.) are rather borrowed from Persian c?irkin (which itself is derived from c?irk, borrowed < Turkic).
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alo|w 'ковыль волосистый'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'солянка кустарниковая'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|yn, (R) s?alg|anaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqanc?aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alu 'eine Pflanze zum Verbrennen'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'blackthorn; thorn'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, Лексика 110. Clauson (EDT 420) relates here OT (МК) c?alqan 'spread of an injury' which is not quite probable (rather a derivative from the polysemic c?al-).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 buds 2 lily 3 sphere, globe, fist
face="Times New Roman Star"1 почки 2 лилия 3 шар, округлость, кулак
face="Times New Roman Star"c?omur 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|mъw|r 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?omur 1 (Рас. ФиЛ 89, 231)
face="Times New Roman Star"The Chuvash form points to *-y-. The root is very localized, but seems to be distinct from *c?ym- / *c?um- 'top; stick with a knob' (although a contamination was of course possible).
face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) c?aq 'when (conj.)'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|q 1, c?o|qum 'certainly'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:G 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sax 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sax 1, sag|a 'about (the time when, the size of)'
face="Times New Roman Star"haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagyna 'while'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, s?aq-ly 'this much'
face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, c?aq-ly 'this much'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:q, c?aq 'up to'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| (K), caq (H) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Егоров 327, Лексика 67, EDT 404, ДТС 139, Федотов 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. c?ag|, Uygh. c?ag| or Tof. s?ag| 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|yn- 1 (Sag.- R 2, 2014)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqta- 'to besprinkle idols with an exclmation s?oq!' R 4, 1024)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|yr- 2 (Lebed. R 3, 2014), c?oqto- 'to besprinkle idols with an exclamation c?oq!' (R 3, 2009)
face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъk 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqun- 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"suqyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqun- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113-114, Егоров 328, Федотов 2, 426-427. Ra"sa"nen's attempt to explain the verb as "baptism through immersion" (linking Kypch. c?oqur 'pit' and Taranchi c?oqur- 'to sink' (R 3, 2007) appears unconvincing. The former word is derived from c?ok- 'to delve', and the latter should be corrected to c?o"ku"r- according to more modern sources. The semantic transfer of a pagan ceremony to the Christian one seems quite natural in an islamicized society. The same root may be represented by the exclamation (made during a libation), Oyr. c?oq!, Shor s?oq!, and further - the approbatory exclamation Kirgh. c?ok!, Kaz. s?oq! etc. Quite unlikely is the hypothesis of a loan from Hebrew (Y. Malov, quoted in Федотов). In fact, the meaning in Chuv. ('pledge') and the external parallels suggest that the religious component in the meaning of *c?ok- is relatively late (having evolved after the separation of Bulgars): 'pledge' > 'sacrifice' > 'praying' > 'baptizing'. Turk. > Hung. cso"k 'sacrifice', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 turban 2 noose, lasso 3 to plait, wrap 4 to bind by throwing the rope 5 to become entangled 6 to entangle 7 band, strap 8 to bind around, wrap around 9 to plait
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, 'flask fastened to the saddle' (Pav. C., Sangl.), 'apron' (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-(mo|q) 4, c?alma 1; band, facing
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-ma-s?- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 3, c?als?yq 'entangled (of a rope)'
face="Times New Roman Star"salba (Sag.) 'лычко для метания камней'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 2, dial. (Leb.) c?aly- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alba 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alys?qaq 'criss-crossing'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alg|yc? 7, c?alma 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alma 1, s?aluw 7
face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 8, salma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 9, c?alman 'wattle'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 8, c?alma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 8, calma 1, calman 'wattle'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 9, c?alma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 420, VEWT 97, Лексика 395. Turk. > Mong. c?alma, salma 'lasso', see TMN 4, 316-317, Щербак 1997, 163 (although the meaning 'lasso' is not widely spread in Turkic, Doerfer suggests that it may have been the original, pre-Islamic, meaning of the derivative *c?al-ma). Note Chuv. c?ъw|lg|a- 'to entangle' - usually derived as a loanword < Tat. c?ulg|a- < PT *c?og-la-, but in this case one would rather expect c?ulg|a- - so the Chuv. form may actually reflect PT *c?ial-. The root is attested late, but does not seem to be borrowed, or a specialized development of *c?al- 'hit, chop' (as suggested in TMN).
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o.lo|q 'handless, lame', c?o.lto|q 4; 'bungler, unskilled person'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaG 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oltuq 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 'handless, lame'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oluq 'sensitive, huffish'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olu- 'to pull out, pick out', c?olz?|uj- 'become curved, warp', c?oloj- 'become short, limbless', c?oloq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 4, s?oltyj- 'to shorten'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 1; s?oltan|-la- 'to move aside angrily'
face="Times New Roman Star"sulaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq (K) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 419-420, VEWT 115, TMN 3, 89, Дыбо 152. Turk. > Mong. c?olaq (Щербак 1997, 113). The existing forms are derived from a verb *c?ol- 'become defective' (cf. the attested OUygh. c?ol- and forms like Kirgh. c?olu-).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 meadow 3 various kinds of grass (with seeds)
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дерн 2 луг, лужайка 3 различные виды трав
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/im 1, c?imgen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imen 2, c?im 1; c?emen 'тмин; пажитник'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aman 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?ima"n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emen 2, 'bundle, bouquet'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym-c?olg|aj 'хлебенки (an edible bulbous plant')
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emene 'потничная трава'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n, c?ima"n 2 (< Pers.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?em/n 'горец, птичья гречишка' (Дмитриева-Саллонтаи VII, 49)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym 1; c?emirc?ek 'травянистое растение со съедобным корнем' (cf. also c?ymyldyq 'повилика', c?ymyldyryq, c?ymyndyq (dial.) 'чина')
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?imen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The primary root is *c?ym 'turf', whence *c?im-gen 'meadow', borrowed in Pers. c?aman (see EDT 423; not vice versa, despite TMN 2, 99-100); but many of the modern forms meaning 'meadow' or 'bouquet' are already backloans from Persian.