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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*i:r/ / *y:r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 trace 2 furrow face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëåä 2 áîðîçäà, ìåæà face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1, yzan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (Áîð. Áàä. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"y:z 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i>s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 face="Times New Roman Star"j@r 1, júran 2 face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1 face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1, yzan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i>d| 1, yd|an 2 face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz, yz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"hyzan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, ÝÑÒß 1, 383-385, 646, 647, VEWT 175, Åãîðîâ 79, 75. There exists a verbal derivative *i:r/-te- 'to follow one's tracks', attested as iste- as early as in OUygh. (see EDT 243) and in many modern languages (see ÝÑÒß 1, 383); but simultaneously there is a variant *i:r-te- (with *-r/- > -r- according to Helimski's rule), attested already in MK (see EDT 208) and in Yak., Dolg. irde:-, see Stachowski 128. face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:ma- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 become blinded, dumb 2 (set) teeth on edge 3 to be tired, pine, droop face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëåïíóòü, ãëîõíóòü 2 íàáèâàòü îñêîìèíó 3 óñòàâàòü, èçíåìîãàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Orkh.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- (MK , KB ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kamas?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Pav. C. , Áîð. Áàä. , MA ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qe|me|s?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gamas?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:mas?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qamas- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 242-243, 246-247. Cf. also Kirgh., Kaz. qam 'sorrow', Turkm. Gam GajGy 'mischief, sorrow'. Turk. > MMong. (MA ) qama- id. (see Ùåðáàê 1997 , 197). face="Times New Roman Star"*eru"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 plum 2 apricot face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëèâà 2 àáðèêîñ face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u">ri>k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k (AH ) 'peach', o"ru"k (Abush. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o.ri.k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"a"rik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ori>k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u">ru">k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ierik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"x 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 222, ÝÑÒß 1, 291-292. face="Times New Roman Star"*ko":le face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 slave, servant 2 bastard 3 co-ruler, minister face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëóãà, ðàá 2 íåçàêîííîðîæäåííûé 3 ñîïðàâèòåëü face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (? ku"l) an Old Turkic title (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l ( ? ku"l) 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko":le 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lmo"k 'people' face="Times New Roman Star"xo"l 'guests that have arrived' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 288. face="Times New Roman Star"*dyn|la- / *din|le- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to listen 2 to hear 3 to consider, meditate face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëóøàòü 2 ñëûøàòü 3 ðàçìûøëÿòü, îáäóìûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"dinle- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|ma- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"din|le-, tyn|la- 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tin|la- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tynna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dinla"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"din|le- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|na- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|da- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?únla- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dyn|na- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dyn|na- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|s?a- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|da- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dinle-, tyn|la- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"The verbal stem *dyn|la- is derived from the noun *dyn| (OT tyn|, Turkm. din| 'reason, mind, cleverness'). See VEWT 478, EDT 522, ÝÑÒß 3, 236-237. face="Times New Roman Star"*sil- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 spittle, saliva 2 slime face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëþíà, ïëåâîê 2 ñëèçü face="Times New Roman Star"sel, selik (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"silik (Ettuhf. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ilik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ilim, s?illik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"selik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sila"ma"ga"j (R.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"si>lemej 1 face="Times New Roman Star"See ÝÑÒß 7. Most of the Turkic words for 'saliva' are attested late and look like borrowings < Mong. silu"-kej; Yak. sil must also be borrowed (because of initial s-), perhaps from Mong. silo"-su" (with secondary loss of suffix?). The above forms, however, can be hardly explained as mongolisms. face="Times New Roman Star"*TAlagu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 deadly poison 2 diarrhoea 3 ulcer disease face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñìåðòåëüíûé ÿä 2 äèçåíòåðèÿ 3 áîëåçíü, ñâÿçàííàÿ ñ ÿçâàìè face="Times New Roman Star"talag|u 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"talaw 'a k. of horse disease' face="Times New Roman Star"dalau 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"talo:-lo-n- 'to become covered by red blots' face="Times New Roman Star"talau 'Siberian plague' face="Times New Roman Star"talav 'pest, plague' face="Times New Roman Star"talaw (dial.) 'Siberian plague' face="Times New Roman Star"talaw 'anthrax, plague' face="Times New Roman Star"talaw 'malignant tumour' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 458, EDT 496. Despite Clauson, hardly derived from tala- 'to harm, rob'. Modern Oghuz forms (Tur. dial. dalak 'Siberian plague', Az. dial. dalax 'cattle disease', Turkm. da:laq 'camel disease') are restructured on analogy with *d(i)a:lak 'spleen' (v. sub *ti_o:/le ). A similarly reinterpreted form is Chuv. talak 'some inner disease of cattle' - borrowed from Tatar talawu (see above), but restructured under the influence of the borrowed talaq 'spleen'. face="Times New Roman Star"*juk / *jok face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 resin, gum 2 residues of food on dishes, sticky substance 3 to stick to face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñìîëà 2 îñòàòêè ïèùè íà ïîñóäå; òî, ÷òî ïðèëèïëî 3 ïðèëèïàòü face="Times New Roman Star"juq 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jok 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"joq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"juq- 3 (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"juq 2, juq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"juq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"joq 2, joq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ux 1, c?ux- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"juq-, d/uq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|g|úw|r 'liquid mire, sludge' (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?uq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?uq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uq 2, z?|uq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"z?uq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"juq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"joq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"juq-, jux- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"z?uq 2, z?u>q- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"juq 2, juq- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 895, VEWT 119, ÝÑÒß 4, 211, Ëåêñèêà 117, Àøì. XIII, 52. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kypy- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sense, invention, cleverness 2 to invent, think of face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñìûñë, èçîáðåòàòåëüíîñòü, óì 2 âûäóìûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"xyby- face="Times New Roman Star"qyby- face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|búw|l 'dexterous' face="Times New Roman Star"kyp 'dexterously' face="Times New Roman Star"qybac?y 'experienced person' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyla-gu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 snow-flakes in windless weather 2 hoar-frost 3 first snow face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñíåæèíêè, ïàäàþùèå ïðè òèõîé ïîãîäå 2 èíåé, èçìîðîçü 3 ïåðâàÿ ïîðîøà face="Times New Roman Star"qylamyq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qylaw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qylaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qylaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 207. face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"pek face="Times New Roman Star"1 dog 2 hound 3 sheep-dog 4 yard dog 5 puppy face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîáàêà 2 îõîòíè÷èé ïåñ 3 îâ÷àðêà 4 äâîðîâàÿ ñîáàêà 5 ùåíîê face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1 (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1, go"belek 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek (Pav. C. , AH ) 1, ko"belek 2 (OKypch.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko.ppa"k 1; ko"pa"k 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pa"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"k 'ethnonym; name of a hero' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pe 1 (K) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"belek 3, go"ben it 4 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 291, TMN 3, 646-647, ÝÑÒß 5, 111-112, Ëåêñèêà 189. Basically an Oghuz word, but cf. also Kum. go"ben, OKypch. ko"belek 'shepherd's dog' (Bulgat, ad-Durr., Houts., AH) = Tur. dial. go"belek 'puppy' (possibly < Kypch.), see ÝÑÒß ibid. Despite ÝÑÒß , Kirgh. qara ko"bo"lo"k 'evil spirit appearing as a girl dressed in black and with a black greyhound' is rather = ko"bo"lo"k 'butterfly' (cf. the archaic mythological motive of evil spirit appearing as a butterfly), but a contamination with the word for dog attested in Old Kypchak also cannot be excluded. However, Kalm. ko"wl@g 'greyhound' is not < Kirgh., but from Old Kypchak. The same source is probable for Russ. êîáåëü, dimin. êîáåëå'ê (a re-analysis?) - the word is absent in other Slavic languages, the list of absolutely hopeless etymological attempts can be found in Ôàñìåð II 267. It was attested for the first time in 1599 as a term for a hounting hound: ó ãîñóäàðåâû öàðåâû îõîòû ó êîáåëåé ó ìåäåëÿíñêèõú; the form êîáåëåê (attested in 1673) see in ÑÐß XI-XVIII, 7, 208. Turk. > Hung. kopo/ 'bloodhound', see Gombocz 1912 (Doerfer in TMN 3, 647 objects, but the word has no Finno-Ugric etymology). face="Times New Roman Star"*gen|e- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to advise 2 advice face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîâåòîâàòü(ñÿ) 2 ñîâåò face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ken|e- 'to settle one's affairs with someone' (MK , KB ), kenes? 2, ken|es?- 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"genges?- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"kin|a"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n|a"s?- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es- 1, ken|is 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ga"na"s?- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"gen|es?- 1, gen|es? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es?- 1 (Âåðá. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kanas? 2, kanas?-la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2, ken|es- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n|a"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kenges? 'counsel' face="Times New Roman Star"kenes, kenes? 2, kenes?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2, ken|es- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"genges? 'counsel' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 253, EDT 727, 734, ÝÑÒß 3, 21-22, TMN 3, 613-614. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ab face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 peeled skin 2 to peel 3 dandruff face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîäðàííàÿ êîæà 2 ñäèðàòü (êîæó) 3 ïåðõîòü face="Times New Roman Star"kav 1, kovak 1, kavla- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qawyq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qav 1 (AH ) , qavaq 3 (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'shell' (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"GovaG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gov 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xa:x 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qoq (Âåðá. ), qa:q (dial.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qaw 1, qawaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 214, EDT 578, ÝÑÒß 5, 160-161, 6, 7-8. This root should be distinguished from *Ka:puk 'bark' (v. sub *k`a:/p`a\ ), although they are partially confused in VEWT 234-5. See also EDT 583. face="Times New Roman Star"*Agy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 treasure 2 silk brocade face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîêðîâèùå 2 ïàð÷à face="Times New Roman Star"ag|y (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|y (MK , KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. ag|y, dial. ag|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 78. Clauson points out that the oldest attested meaning is 'treasure', later concretized to 'silk brocade'. face="Times New Roman Star"*gu"n(el/) / *gun/al/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sun 2 day 3 sunny place 4 sun-heat face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîëíöå 2 äåíü 3 ñîëíå÷íîå ìåñòî 4 ñîëíå÷íûé æàð face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2 (Orkh., OUygh.), ku"nes? 3 (YB ), isig qujas? 4 (OUygh. - Br.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, qujas? 4 (MK ), ku"nes? 3 (Tefs. ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"n 2, gu"nes? 1, (dial.) gujas? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n 1, 2, qojas? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qujas? 1 (Sangl. , Abush. , Pav. C. ), ku"nes? 1 (Pav. C. , Abush. , Áîð. Áàä. ), ku"n 1, 2 (Pav. C. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"kun 1, 2, qujo|s? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, (dial.) qojas? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kun 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"gu"n 1, 2, gu"na"s? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"gu"n 1, 2, gu"nes? 1, 4, quja:s? 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, qujas? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, dial. qujas? 1 (Kumd., Leb.) face="Times New Roman Star"kin, ku"n 1, 2, kina"s? 'sonnig' face="Times New Roman Star"kon 2, x@w|vel 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, kuj face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, kun/a:s 'heat' face="Times New Roman Star"xu"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xu"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, qyjas 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n 1, 2, ko"na"s 4, qojas? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"gu"n 1, 2, gu"nes? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, ku"nes? 1, qujas?, qujas 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n 1, 2, qujas? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"gu":n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"gu"n 1, 2 gu"nes? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 301, 309 (Ra"sa"nen separates *gu"n and *gun'al', which is hardly justified); EDT 679, 725, 734, ÝÑÒß 3, 100-104, 6, 112-113, Ëåêñèêà 20-21, 64-65, 77-78, Ôåäîòîâ 1 306-307, Stachowski 161, 164. The forms *gu"n/el/ and *gun/al/ must be old dialectal variants. face="Times New Roman Star"*sia:pan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 straw 2 thorn face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîëîìà 2 êîëþ÷êà face="Times New Roman Star"saman (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"saman (MK Cigil) face="Times New Roman Star"saman face="Times New Roman Star"saman (Pav. C. ,Ettuhf. , Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"so|mo|n face="Times New Roman Star"saman face="Times New Roman Star"saman face="Times New Roman Star"sa:man face="Times New Roman Star"sabal 'branches of coniferous trees' face="Times New Roman Star"sabana 'spike beard' face="Times New Roman Star"s?úw|ma 'angelica' face="Times New Roman Star"savan| face="Times New Roman Star"saman, (R ) samal face="Times New Roman Star"saban face="Times New Roman Star"saman face="Times New Roman Star"saman face="Times New Roman Star"saman face="Times New Roman Star"saban 'straw', sabat 'sedge' face="Times New Roman Star"saman face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399 (borrowed in Kalm., KW 316), TMN 3, 335-336, EDT 829, ÝÑÒß 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*kebu"- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 straw 2 brushwood 3 rot, dandruff 4 to hull face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîëîìà 2 õâîðîñò 3 ãíèëü, ïåðõîòü 4 øåëóøèòü face="Times New Roman Star"kevu"k, ko"vu"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"viz?| 'rotten heartwood' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kevik 1 (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ze|- (dial.) 4 face="Times New Roman Star"kevu"k (AH ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko":ze|- (dial.) 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vze- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|vajt 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kewek 3, ku"(j)d|e|- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 688 (but not < Sogd.), 689. Cf. also *ko"br/e- (*kebr/e-?) 'to hull, pound in a mortar' (ÝÑÒß 5, 81, 82). face="Times New Roman Star"*topon face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 straw 2 chaff, bran face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîëîìà 2 ìÿêèíà, ïîëîâà face="Times New Roman Star"topun 'wheat chaff' (MK ; EDT glosses 'a lump of food', probably incorrectly) face="Times New Roman Star"tuban 2 (Òóìàøåâà 216) face="Times New Roman Star"to.po|n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tova:n, tofa:n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toban 'õëåáíàÿ ïûëü, òðóõà' face="Times New Roman Star"typyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"toban 1 face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 8; despite Tekin 1969 , 65 should be kept distinct from *topraq 'dust'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.jyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 salt steppe 2 sandbank 3 gravel 4 sand face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîëîí÷àê 2 ïåñ÷àíûé áåðåã 3 ãðàâèé 4 ïåñîê face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 1, 4 (MK Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"kajyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qajyr (Houts. 94, AH 74) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qe|jir 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Gajyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xújúr 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xajyr ta:s 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xajyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221-222, EDT 678, ÝÑÒß 5, 206, 217, Ëåêñèêà 97. Turk. > WMong. qajir, Kalm. xa":r (KW 180). face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:jyn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sheat-fish 2 salmon face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîì 2 ëîñîñü, ñåìãà face="Times New Roman Star"jajyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|e|jen 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jajyn 2 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"ja:jyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/ojún, s/oin (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ajyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?ajyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jajyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ja"jen 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?ajyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 179, ÝÑÒß 4, 80-81, Ëåêñèêà 178, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 129.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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