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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?om- / *c?o"m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 to swim 3 to scoop 4 to immerse, dip 5 scoopface="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться, нырять 2 плавать, купаться 3 черпать 4 окунать 5 черпак, ковшface="Times New Roman Star"c?om- = c?o"m- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?o"m- 1 (MK), c?o"mc?e 5 (MK Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?e 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- 1, c?u"mec? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 1 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.m-(mo|q) 1, c?u.mic? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?om-ul- (pass.) 1, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?omys? 5 (ЯЖУ)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?a" 5
face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon'face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?ъm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Федотов 2, 401)face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark'face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ССЯ)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Егоров 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*somface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 number; honour 2 shape, silhouetteface="Times New Roman Star"1 число, счет; почет 2 форма, вид









face="Times New Roman Star"som 2
face="Times New Roman Star"som 2face="Times New Roman Star"soma 2face="Times New Roman Star"som 1face="Times New Roman Star"omoon 2
face="Times New Roman Star"soma 2










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 427, Федотов 2, 61-62, ЭСТЯ 7. The relationship to *so:m 'whole (piece)' (see ibid.) is not quite clear.
face="Times New Roman Star"*son|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"back, end, afterface="Times New Roman Star"задняя часть, конец, позадиface="Times New Roman Star"son| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"son| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sonface="Times New Roman Star"su>n|face="Times New Roman Star"son| (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"so|n|face="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"sonface="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"so:n, so:face="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"soj


face="Times New Roman Star"son|, so:
face="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"hun|
face="Times New Roman Star"sonuface="Times New Roman Star"son|, sonface="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"sonface="Times New Roman Star"son|face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 832-833, VEWT 428, TMN 3, 337, ЭСТЯ 7. Cf. also Karakh. (MK) syn|arsuk 'back side of the horse'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*so:r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to suckface="Times New Roman Star"сосатьface="Times New Roman Star"sor- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sor- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"soru-face="Times New Roman Star"suyr-face="Times New Roman Star"sor- (AH, Houts.)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ora-
face="Times New Roman Star"sor-face="Times New Roman Star"so:r-face="Times New Roman Star"sor-face="Times New Roman Star"sor-face="Times New Roman Star"so:r-, sor-, soru-face="Times New Roman Star"suor-


face="Times New Roman Star"sor-
face="Times New Roman Star"sor-face="Times New Roman Star"sor-face="Times New Roman Star"sory-face="Times New Roman Star"hur-


face="Times New Roman Star"sor-
face="Times New Roman Star"sor-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 843.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ortanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 eel 2 pikeface="Times New Roman Star"1 угорь 2 щука

face="Times New Roman Star"c?ortan 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?urtan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.rtan 1


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ortan 2face="Times New Roman Star"sortan 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ortan 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?orton 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|rdan, s/ъw|rtan 2face="Times New Roman Star"sordon| 2face="Times New Roman Star"hordon| 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ortan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?orton 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ortan 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ortan 2face="Times New Roman Star"sortan 2


face="Times New Roman Star"s?ortan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ortan 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 116, Лексика 178, Stachowski 108.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o:c?kaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 young pig 2 child, boy 3 pigface="Times New Roman Star"1 поросенок 2 ребенок, мальчик 3 свинья
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?uq (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uk 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?uc?qa 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?g|a 1 (Sangl.), (OKypch.) c?oc?qa (Houts.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uz?|uq 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?Ga 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:z?|uq 1 (cf. colloq. c?o:c?a 'camel')face="Times New Roman Star"sosxa 3face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 3



face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3face="Times New Roman Star"sosqa 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?xa 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uq 2face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?oc?qa 3, c?oc?uq jatag|y 'afterbirth'; (T) c?oc?xa 'young boy (not a Karaim)', (H) cocka 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qa 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, ЭСТЯ 4, 28, EDT 400. See Stachowski 1985 with an extensive list of material but with a strange conclusion that the word "onomatopoetischer Herkunft ist und somit durch Autogenese zustande kam".
face="Times New Roman Star"*sok-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hit, beat, crushface="Times New Roman Star"бить, ударять, сокрушатьface="Times New Roman Star"soq- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"soq- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sok-face="Times New Roman Star"suq-face="Times New Roman Star"soq- (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"so.q-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-
face="Times New Roman Star"soq-face="Times New Roman Star"sox-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-
face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|x-face="Times New Roman Star"og|us-face="Times New Roman Star"ogus-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-face="Times New Roman Star"so'q-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-face="Times New Roman Star"huq-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-
face="Times New Roman Star"sog|-face="Times New Roman Star"soq-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 805, Лексика 396, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 190. Homonymous *sok- 'to pierce, stick into' and *sok- 'to weave, knit' (see ЭСТЯ ibid.) may represent originally different roots.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?okface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 many, very 2 vile, hooligan 3 to gather, multiply 4 group, crowdface="Times New Roman Star"1 много, очень 2 дурной, хулиган, баловник 3 собирать(ся), размножать(ся) 4 толпа, множество
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (ДТС - KB), c?o:q 2 (MK - Oghuz), c?og|-al- 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?ok (-g|u) 1, c?og|al- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (Sangl., Oghuz-nama, AH), c?oq- 3 (Abush.)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1, c?oxal- 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq (-qu) 4face="Times New Roman Star"sox 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 3



face="Times New Roman Star"s?og| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?og|yr 4face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 'дружно'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?oju 4, c?oq-la-n- 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1, c?og|y 4 (K)face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 2, 4

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, EDT 405, 406. The Oghuz adverb 'much', in the 12th c. (KB) 'very, extremely', is probably the same word as c?oq 'bad, vile'(Ogh. 11) (cf. also the Tuva parallel). Turk. > Mong. (Khalkha) cox in cox xara 'very black'. The identification of c?oq-(la-) 'gather, collect' with c?og|-la- 'to bind, pack' (ДТС) or c?oq- 'to bend' (EDT) is rather dubious. Vocalic length is unclear (cf. the voicing of -k- in Western Oghuz).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ok-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to peck 2 to delve, dig 3 to pick at 4 to stab 5 to pick (eyes) 6 pitfall, delveface="Times New Roman Star"1 клевать 2 долбить, копать 3 ковырять 4 закалывать 5 выкалывать (глаза) 6 рытвина, углублениеface="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 4 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 'to rush at the prey (of a bird)' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?oku- 1, c?ukur 6face="Times New Roman Star"c?uqy- 1, c?oqy- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?o/uqu- (Sangl., Pav. C. (5)); c?uqur 6 (Sangl.; starting with Old Kypch.); c?ux-la- 3 (MA 137)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.qi- 1, c?uqu-la- 2, 3, c?uqur 6face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uxur 6face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 1, c?uqanaq, c?uxur 6face="Times New Roman Star"sox-la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1, 3





face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1, c?uqu- 3face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"suqy- 1, soqo- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uqur 6face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 'to sting', c?og|y- 1 (K), c?/сuqu/yr 6face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 114, 119, EDT 406. Kypchak languages suggest a distinction between *c?oky- 'to peck' and *c?uky- 'to dig, delve', absent elsewhere, and possibly a result of interdialectal loans.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sogul-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to dry off, peter out (of liquids)face="Times New Roman Star"высыхать, испаряться, убывать (о жидкостях)face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ul- (sug|ul-) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ul- (sug|ul-) (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ul-face="Times New Roman Star"suwal- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"sovul- (Ettuhf.), sog|al-, sug|al- (R., Буд.)

face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ul-

face="Times New Roman Star"so:l-face="Times New Roman Star"so:l-face="Times New Roman Star"so:l-
face="Times New Roman Star"syval-face="Times New Roman Star"uol-face="Times New Roman Star"uol-face="Times New Roman Star"so:l-
face="Times New Roman Star"so:l-face="Times New Roman Star"suwal-face="Times New Roman Star"suwal-face="Times New Roman Star"hywal-





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 425, EDT 809, Stachowski 244.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sybul/ganface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"earth-wormface="Times New Roman Star"червь, дождевой червь
face="Times New Roman Star"sovus?g|an (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"soluz?|anface="Times New Roman Star"sualc?anface="Times New Roman Star"sog|ulz?|an (AH, Pav. C.), solunz?|an (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"c?uwalc?an|face="Times New Roman Star"c?uwalc?an|
face="Times New Roman Star"soxulz?|anface="Times New Roman Star"sog|ulz?|anface="Times New Roman Star"so:sxan (dial.), somysxan
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ojlos?qon
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ъw|vъw|rъw|lz?|an, s/o"lz/en, s/@w|v@w|lz/en

face="Times New Roman Star"s?yjlas?qyn
face="Times New Roman Star"so":lz?|an, so"ju"lz?|an
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ylaws?anface="Times New Roman Star"si>la"wsi>nface="Times New Roman Star"suwalc?anface="Times New Roman Star"soluz?|anface="Times New Roman Star"suwalc?an, swalcan
face="Times New Roman Star"sug|ulz?|unface="Times New Roman Star"suwalc?anface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 425, EDT 793-794. The PT form can be reconstructed despite numerous expressive irregularities.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sogy-kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"coldface="Times New Roman Star"холодныйface="Times New Roman Star"sog|yq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sog|yq (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ukface="Times New Roman Star"sywyqface="Times New Roman Star"sawuq/sawug| (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"so|vuqface="Times New Roman Star"sog|aqface="Times New Roman Star"soqface="Times New Roman Star"sojuGface="Times New Roman Star"sovuqface="Times New Roman Star"so:xface="Times New Roman Star"so:qface="Times New Roman Star"so:qface="Times New Roman Star"sovuqface="Times New Roman Star"siv@

face="Times New Roman Star"so:kface="Times New Roman Star"so:qface="Times New Roman Star"su:kface="Times New Roman Star"suwyqface="Times New Roman Star"suwyqface="Times New Roman Star"hywyqface="Times New Roman Star"su:qface="Times New Roman Star"su:qface="Times New Roman Star"su:qface="Times New Roman Star"suwyqface="Times New Roman Star"sox|face="Times New Roman Star"sowuqface="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *sogy- 'to cool, get cold', see VEWT 425, EDT 808 (*sogy-k), 806 (*sogy-), ЭСТЯ 7, Лексика 15.
face="Times New Roman Star"*so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to split, tear apartface="Times New Roman Star"разделять, распарывать, раздиратьface="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (AH, IM, Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"so.k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-



face="Times New Roman Star"so"`k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 819, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*so":k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to curse, swearface="Times New Roman Star"ругать, бранитьface="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"so"g- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"so"w-face="Times New Roman Star"su"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"g- (AH, Pav. C.), so"k- (Houts., Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"so.k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"j-face="Times New Roman Star"so":g-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-

face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"x-face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"k-

face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"hu"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"su":-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 818-819, VEWT 429-430, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"steppe, desertface="Times New Roman Star"степь, пустыняface="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lig 'name of a country' (Orkh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.lface="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l (ЯЖУ)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"so"l
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l



face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l 'field, plaza'face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l 'steppe, desert'face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"s?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"s?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"su"l 'desert'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 117, TMN 3, 122-123, EDT 420. Turk. > WMong. c?o"l 'desert' (because of uncertainty of OT c?o"lig doubted by Clark 1977, 135).
face="Times New Roman Star"*seb-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to speakface="Times New Roman Star"говорить

face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle-, dial. so"vle-face="Times New Roman Star"su"jla"-, dial. so"vle-, sevle-face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle- (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"so.jla-, dial. sa"vla"-

face="Times New Roman Star"so"jla"-face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle-face="Times New Roman Star"so"le-
face="Times New Roman Star"su":le-
face="Times New Roman Star"sujlas?-, sol'a-face="Times New Roman Star"u"la"-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"gle-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"jlo"-, su"le-face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle-
face="Times New Roman Star"hu"jla"-face="Times New Roman Star"so"le-face="Times New Roman Star"so":le-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle-
face="Times New Roman Star"so"jle-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 429, Федотов 2, 54-55, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*so"r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"word, speechface="Times New Roman Star"слово, речьface="Times New Roman Star"so"z (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"so"z (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"su"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"z (AH, IM, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"sface="Times New Roman Star"so"sface="Times New Roman Star"so"sface="Times New Roman Star"sez, so"z
face="Times New Roman Star"o"sface="Times New Roman Star"o"sface="Times New Roman Star"so"s
face="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"hu"d|face="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"so"zface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 860, VEWT 430, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 200-201. One should also mention PT *so"r-c?ek 'tale, story, fairy tale' (see ЭСТЯ 7).
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"dre-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to pull, tug 2 belt for fastening loadsface="Times New Roman Star"1 тащить, тянуть 2 ремень для привязывания ноши

face="Times New Roman Star"su"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"su"jra"-face="Times New Roman Star"su":re- (Буд.), so"jre- (Ettuhf.), su"dra"- (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"sudra"-face="Times New Roman Star"so"ra"-

face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre-face="Times New Roman Star"so"z@r-


face="Times New Roman Star"s@d@r-face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu": 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu": 2face="Times New Roman Star"so"du"rt- 1, so"du"rge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"su"jro"-face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre-face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre-face="Times New Roman Star"hu">jra"-face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre-

face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre-face="Times New Roman Star"sure-face="Times New Roman Star"su"jre-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 435, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 202.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sin|o"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"boneface="Times New Roman Star"костьface="Times New Roman Star"su"n|o"k (Orkh.), su"n|u"k (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u"k (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"su"n|u"k, so"n|ek, su"mu"k (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"so"je|kface="Times New Roman Star"su"n|ek (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"sujakface="Times New Roman Star"so"n|a"kface="Times New Roman Star"symykface="Times New Roman Star"su"mu"kface="Times New Roman Star"su"n|k, su"jekface="Times New Roman Star"so":kface="Times New Roman Star"so":kface="Times New Roman Star"so":kface="Times New Roman Star"simikface="Times New Roman Star"s?ъw|mъw|face="Times New Roman Star"un|uox|face="Times New Roman Star"on|uokface="Times New Roman Star"so":kface="Times New Roman Star"so":kface="Times New Roman Star"so"o"kface="Times New Roman Star"sujekface="Times New Roman Star"su"jekface="Times New Roman Star"ho"ja"kface="Times New Roman Star"su"jek

face="Times New Roman Star"su"jekface="Times New Roman Star"senixface="Times New Roman Star"su"jekface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 437, EDT 838-839, Лексика 260-261, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 195. With different suffixation cf. Uygh. so"n|ga"c? 'thigh, hip, thigh bone'; Yak., Dolg. o"n|u"rges 'cartilage' (Stachowski 200).
face="Times New Roman Star"*s[e]go"l ( / *so"gil)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wartface="Times New Roman Star"бородавкаface="Times New Roman Star"so"go"l (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sigil (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sigilface="Times New Roman Star"so"ja"lface="Times New Roman Star"sigil, su"ku"l, su"ja"l (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"suga"lface="Times New Roman Star"so"ga"l
face="Times New Roman Star"zijilface="Times New Roman Star"sin|n|ilface="Times New Roman Star"so":l
face="Times New Roman Star"so":lface="Times New Roman Star"sijilface="Times New Roman Star"s?ъw|klъw|, s?@w|g@w|l (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"so":lface="Times New Roman Star"so":lface="Times New Roman Star"so":lface="Times New Roman Star"su"jelface="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jelface="Times New Roman Star"hu">ja"l

face="Times New Roman Star"su"velface="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jel
face="Times New Roman Star"su"jelface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 429, EDT 820, ЭСТЯ 7. Some irregularities are due to the root's expressive nature.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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