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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAb-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 bad, coarse, wicked 2 to become bad, weak 3 heavy, difficult, severe 4 tasteless, insipidface="Times New Roman Star"1 плохой, грубый 2 ухудшаться, слабеть 3 тяжелый, трудный, суровый 4 пресный, безвкусныйface="Times New Roman Star"jabyz 1 (Orkh.), javyz 1 (OUygh.), javg|an 1 (OUygh.), jablaq (Orkh.) 3, javlaq (OUygh.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"javry- 2, javra- 'to become rough, coarse', javyz 1, javg|an 1, javlaq 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"javuz 1, javan 4face="Times New Roman Star"jawyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"javlaq (R) 'very' , javuz (Ettuhf., AH) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jo|wuz 1, jo:g|an 4 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"javuz 1face="Times New Roman Star"jus 1face="Times New Roman Star"javan 4face="Times New Roman Star"jovuz 1, 3, juwan 4 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ban 4



face="Times New Roman Star"suos 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u:g|an 4face="Times New Roman Star"z?awyz 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jawyd|- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"javan 4
face="Times New Roman Star"z?awyz 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 176, EDT 879, 881-882, ЭСТЯ 4, 47-48, 51. Turk. > WMong. z?|abqai, z?|abag|an (KW 468), whence again some Turkic forms (Kirgh. z?|abyq etc., see ЭСТЯ 4, 9-10). One could perhaps also note Kaz. z?awra-, Uzb. z?|o|wra- 'to suffer from cold, shiver' (ЭСТЯ 4, 20) which may be = Karakh. javra-, javry- and thus should not be compared to Mong. dag|ara- (despite KW 82).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAmanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 bad, wicked 2 sickness, inflammationface="Times New Roman Star"1 плохой, скверный 2 болезнь, воспалениеface="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman (AH) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jo|mo|n 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jaman, d/aman 1, 2





face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aman 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?aman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"aman 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?aman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"jaman 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 937, ЭСТЯ 4, 109. Cf. Yak. symyja 'lie, deceit'. The meaning 'bad disease' is attested already in Old Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tAsface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 bad 2 quiteface="Times New Roman Star"1 плохой, дурной 2 совсем
face="Times New Roman Star"tas 1 (MK - Oghuz, IM)

face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) tas 1 (Houts., Ettuhf., Bulgat.)



face="Times New Roman Star"tas 2face="Times New Roman Star"tas-xara 'quite dark'





face="Times New Roman Star"tas 'excellent!'




face="Times New Roman Star"tas 1




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 465, EDT 554.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrtyl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 surface 2 bark, upper layerface="Times New Roman Star"1 поверхность 2 кора, верхний слойface="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtys? (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? (Houts.) 2






face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 267, EDT 649, Лексика 391-392, ЭСТЯ 6, 241-242. Cf. also forms reflecting *Kyryl/: Yak. kyrys 'thin layer under skin', Tur. kyrys? 'wrinkled', Az. Gyrys? 'wrinkle' (see ЭСТЯ 6, 242), as well as *Kyrc?a(n|) 'scab' (see ibid., 244-245).
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 vehicle, cart 2 skis, sleighface="Times New Roman Star"1 повозка 2 лыжи, саниface="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kag|ny, dial. kanny, kangylly 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (Sangl., Houts., AH) 1




face="Times New Roman Star"xan|a: 1face="Times New Roman Star"qan|na 2




face="Times New Roman Star"xa:k 2face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ha 2 (ФиЛ 91)







face="Times New Roman Star"g|an|ly 1
face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 3, 531, EDT 638, ЭСТЯ 5, 259-260, Лексика 533.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAn-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to turn back 2 againface="Times New Roman Star"1 поворачивать назад 2 сноваface="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), jana 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 (MK), jana 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jine, jene 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1, je|ne| 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1, jana 2 (Бор. Бад., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|n- 1, jana 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1, jana 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jena" 2face="Times New Roman Star"jene 2face="Times New Roman Star"nan- 1face="Times New Roman Star"nan- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan-, d/an- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"c?an- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an- 1, z?|ana 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?a"ne 2face="Times New Roman Star"jana 2face="Times New Roman Star"ja"na" 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jana, jany, jane 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?a"ne 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 941-942, 943, ЭСТЯ 4, 111-112, 114-115.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Katar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to turn (a horse) back, preventing it from going; to turn (the enemy) back 2 to drive, pursue 3 to pasture 4 to keep watch 5 to waitface="Times New Roman Star"1 поворачивать (лошадь) вспять; обращать врага в бегство 2 гнать, преследовать 3 пасти 4 наблюдать 5 ждать
face="Times New Roman Star"qatar- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"katarla-, katala- (dial.) 2






face="Times New Roman Star"xadar- 3,4,5face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5



face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 604, ЭСТЯ 5, 337.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?om- / *c?o"m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 to swim 3 to scoop 4 to immerse, dip 5 scoopface="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться, нырять 2 плавать, купаться 3 черпать 4 окунать 5 черпак, ковшface="Times New Roman Star"c?om- = c?o"m- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?o"m- 1 (MK), c?o"mc?e 5 (MK Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?e 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- 1, c?u"mec? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 1 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.m-(mo|q) 1, c?u.mic? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?om-ul- (pass.) 1, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?omys? 5 (ЯЖУ)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?a" 5
face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon'face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?ъm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Федотов 2, 401)face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark'face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ССЯ)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Егоров 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bat-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sink 2 to fit into, get intoface="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться 2 попадатьface="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo|t- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat-, pat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"pot- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 2, batary 'into, deep into'face="Times New Roman Star"batary 'into, deep into'face="Times New Roman Star"ba't- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ba't- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 298, VEWT 65, ЭСТЯ 2, 78-80, TMN 2, 230-231, Федотов 1, 455, Stachowski 55.
face="Times New Roman Star"*omac?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 scoopface="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться 2 черпак









face="Times New Roman Star"omac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"omas? 2


face="Times New Roman Star"umus- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"oma:s? 2










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 361, 514.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sink 2 oceanface="Times New Roman Star"1 погружать(ся) 2 море, океанface="Times New Roman Star"taluj 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tal- 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"tal-, dal- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"da:l- 1 (dial.)






face="Times New Roman Star"tal- (Castr.) `swim'





face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 133-134 (to be separated from *Tal- `to faint'); EDT 502 (the Chinese etymology of OT taluj seems hardly plausible: the compound MC da^\j-lwi is not attested, and we would expect *Tajluj, not *Taluj anyway).
face="Times New Roman Star"*siat-ga-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to oppress, ill-treat 2 to be ill-treated 3 to rave, be confusedface="Times New Roman Star"1 подавлять кого-л., беспокоить, мешать 2 подвергаться (чему-л.) 3 бредить, сбиваться с толкуface="Times New Roman Star"satg|a- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"satg|a- (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"sata-s?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"satas?- 3face="Times New Roman Star"(MKYpch.) satg|a- (CCum.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"sata-s?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"sata-s?- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"s?ot 'trouble, anxiety' (but Федотов 2, 463 derives it < Russ. счет)face="Times New Roman Star"atag|asta-




face="Times New Roman Star"satas- 3face="Times New Roman Star"hatas?- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"satas?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"satas?- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"satas?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 405, EDT 800.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sab-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gift 2 booty 3 regale 4 wedding gifts 5 part of bootyface="Times New Roman Star"1 подарок 2 добыча 3 угощение 4 свадебные гостинцы 5 часть добычи

face="Times New Roman Star"savg|a 3 (dial.), (Osm.) savg|at 1face="Times New Roman Star"sawym, sawyn (dial.) 4face="Times New Roman Star"saug|at (R.) 1, (CCum.) sajg|at 2face="Times New Roman Star"so|wg|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"sog|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"savra 'пирожок, который едят при богослужении'face="Times New Roman Star"savg|at 1face="Times New Roman Star"sovg|at 1


face="Times New Roman Star"sav- 'bewirten'




face="Times New Roman Star"so:g|a 1, so:run 5face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1

face="Times New Roman Star"savg|at 1face="Times New Roman Star"Turk. > WMong. sauqa, saug|a, saug|ad (L 677) (VEWT 406, Лексика 349-350; Щербак 1997, 165; Doerfer TMN 1, 345-346, ЭСТЯ 7). An attempt of a Turkic etymology for Mong. *saw-ga, hardly satisfactory ( < *sab- 'hit' or 'obstruct') see in Eren 1972; the Late Avestan origin of the Mong. word (suggested by Doerfer in TMN and supported by Менгес 1979, 135-136) is quite dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tA:kanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 trestle, rack 2 tripod 3 kettleface="Times New Roman Star"1 подвеска, козлы 2 тренога 3 котел
face="Times New Roman Star"taqan 3 (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"dag|an 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"tag|an 1




face="Times New Roman Star"ta:Gan 2face="Times New Roman Star"taxxan 2 (Kyz. - Joki)
face="Times New Roman Star"tag|an 2 (dial. - Баск. Кум.)






face="Times New Roman Star"tag|an 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tag|an 1





face="Times New Roman Star"Ra"sa"nen (Рясянен 1955, 134) derives the forms from tak- 'to adhere', but vowel length clearly contradicts it. Quite dubious, because of geographic distribution, is the derivation of the word from Greek 'frying pan' (see Аникин 521-522). The Greek word itself has no satisfactory etymology (see Frisk 2, 845).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.l(y)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to rise 2 jump upface="Times New Roman Star"1 подниматься 2 подпрыгиватьface="Times New Roman Star"qaly- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- (MK, KB) 2face="Times New Roman Star"kalk(y)- 2, kal-dyr- (caus.)face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- (Pav. C., Буд.) 1, (Houts., IM) 2, qal-dur- (caus.) (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1, qalqi- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"Galx- 1, Gal-dyr- (caus.)face="Times New Roman Star"Galk- 1, Gal-dyr- (caus.)face="Times New Roman Star"xaly- 1,2 (dial. Sag.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- 1,2

face="Times New Roman Star"kylyj- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"xaly- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, ЭСТЯ 5, 224-226.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to rise 2 up, aboveface="Times New Roman Star"1 подниматься 2 верх, наверхуface="Times New Roman Star"o"r- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"r- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2, (dial.) o"r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"r 2, u"r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.r 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"r 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o":r-


face="Times New Roman Star"ha"r-a"k- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"t 'upper part'face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"t, o"ttu" 'side', o"ru"te 'above'

face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2, o"r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"r 2, u"r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2

face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 195, VEWT 373, ЭСТЯ 1, 542-544, Stachowsi 200, 253. Cf. also OT o"rgin 'throne' (EDT 225), Chag. o"ru"k 'tent' (ЭСТЯ 1, 546) - which should be kept distinct from the later borrowed (from Mong., see under *o:r/i) o"rge 'tent', see Clark 1977, 142.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAlaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 suspicion, false accusation 2 lieface="Times New Roman Star"1 подозрение, клевета 2 ложьface="Times New Roman Star"jala 1 (OUygh.), jalg|an 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jala 1 (MK), jalg|an 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jala 1, jalg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalg|an 2 (AH), jalqan 2 (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|lg|o|n 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalg|an 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 1,2

face="Times New Roman Star"jala, d/ala 1





face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ala 1, z?|alg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 1, z?alg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"jala 1, jalg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"jala 1, jalg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alg|an, z?alg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan, jalg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 1, z?alg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, 183, EDT 918-919, 926, ЭСТЯ 4, 87, 91-92. Turk. > Mong. jala (KW 214).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bA:n/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sole (of foot) 2 footwearface="Times New Roman Star"1 подошва (ноги) 2 обувь (войлочные чулки, валенки)

face="Times New Roman Star"maja 'fleshy part of the palm' (Vidin, Ne/meth 1965, SDD)face="Times New Roman Star"majmaq 'stable, steadfast' (of an animal's paw, hoof), dial. pajpaq (КСТТ) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"pajpo|q 2, 'camel's foot', dial. mъj@l@k 'mitten' (Фармонов 19)

face="Times New Roman Star"dial. maja 'подошва копыта' (Nakhich.)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ma:ja (Tek.) 'aja' (ТДГДС 124), pajpaq (144) 2face="Times New Roman Star"majmax 2





face="Times New Roman Star"majyq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bajmaq 'lower part of shank', bajpaq 2, majpyq 'flat' (of a horse's hoof, bear's paw)face="Times New Roman Star"bajpaq 2




face="Times New Roman Star"bajpaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 323. Cf. also Oyr. majryk 'стаптываться' etc. Forms with the meaning 'footwear' are explained by Budagov as compounds with an iranism (paj - bag| "foot bandage"), which does not seem convincing; we are dealing rather with a dialectal diffusion of the derivative *ba:n/-mak. Cf. TMN 4, 275, Шипова 49, Аникин 110, 382, 458.
face="Times New Roman Star"*di:re-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to support 2 supportface="Times New Roman Star"1 подпереть 2 подпоркаface="Times New Roman Star"tirek 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1 (MK), tirek 2 (Tefs., IM)face="Times New Roman Star"dire- 1, direk 2face="Times New Roman Star"tera"- 1, tera"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirek 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tira- 1, tirak 2face="Times New Roman Star"tira"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dira"- 1, dira"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"di:re- 1, di:rek 2face="Times New Roman Star"t@re- 1, t@reg 2


face="Times New Roman Star"c?arak 2face="Times New Roman Star"tira":-, tirex 2


face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirek 2face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirew 2face="Times New Roman Star"tera"- 1, tera"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"direk 2face="Times New Roman Star"direk 2face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tir@k 2 (Kakuk)face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirew 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 481, EDT 533, 543, TMN 2, 655, ЭСТЯ 3, 237-239, Егоров 317, Федотов 2, 392.
face="Times New Roman Star"*daja-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to prop 2 to leanface="Times New Roman Star"1 подпирать, прислонять 2 опираться
face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"daja- 1, dajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1 (Sangl.), 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"daja-face="Times New Roman Star"daja- 1, dajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"toja 'staff' [tajan- 2 < Tat.]face="Times New Roman Star"taja:- 1, tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"dajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"dajaq 'staff' (Рас. ФиЛ)face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"daja- 1, dajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 455, EDT 567, ЭСТЯ 3, 125-127, Федотов 2, 259-260, Stachowski 215. Turk. *daja-k 'staff' [perhaps rather *dajna-k because of Tof. and Yak. forms: Yak. tajax, tajax, Dolg. tajax, tan/ak, see Stachowski 215, 216) > WMong. tajag|, Kalm. taj@g (KW 374-375, TMN 2, 445, Щербак 1997, 152).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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