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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/gan-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to earn wages by labour, to gain profits by trade, to strive for successface="Times New Roman Star"ïðèîáðåòàòü, õðàíèòü, âûèãðûâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kazan-face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- (Sangl., Houts., Ettuhf., IM, Pav. C., MA), Kypch. qazan- (CCum.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan-face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan-



face="Times New Roman Star"xúrg|ún 'ñêóïåö, ñêðÿãà, ñêàðåä'face="Times New Roman Star"xaha:n-




face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-
face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-


face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 188-189.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K[a]r/gukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"pole, pegface="Times New Roman Star"ïàëêà, êîëûøåêface="Times New Roman Star"qazg|uq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qazn|uq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kazykface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazuq (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ziqface="Times New Roman Star"qozuqface="Times New Roman Star"quzuqface="Times New Roman Star"gazyx (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"GazyG

face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq
face="Times New Roman Star"*karuH > Hung. karo/ (see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 2, 387).




face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qad|a- 'to stick into', qad|aq, qad|yq 'nail'face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyq
face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 682 (derivation from *Kar/- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Ka:ta- (v. sub *ka:/jta).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"snowface="Times New Roman Star"ñíåãface="Times New Roman Star"qar (Orkh., Yenis., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qar (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qar (Sangl., Qutb., Houts.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|rface="Times New Roman Star"qar, qaa
face="Times New Roman Star"Garface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:rface="Times New Roman Star"xarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qar
face="Times New Roman Star"jorface="Times New Roman Star"xa:rface="Times New Roman Star"ka:rface="Times New Roman Star"xarface="Times New Roman Star"xarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qa:r
face="Times New Roman Star"qar
face="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 284-285, EDT 641, VEWT 235, Åãîðîâ 350, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 490, Ëåêñèêà 27, Stachowski 142.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"gooseface="Times New Roman Star"ãóñüface="Times New Roman Star"qaz (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kazface="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qaz (Houts., AH, Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"g|az
face="Times New Roman Star"Gazface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:zface="Times New Roman Star"xasface="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qas
face="Times New Roman Star"xorface="Times New Roman Star"xa:sface="Times New Roman Star"ka:sface="Times New Roman Star"qas
face="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qad|
face="Times New Roman Star"qa:z
face="Times New Roman Star"g|az
face="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 679, VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 184, Ëåêñèêà 171, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Stachowski 143.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"foot, shinface="Times New Roman Star"íîãà, ãîëåíü

face="Times New Roman Star"kyc? 'foot, shin; coccyx, behind'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyc? (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc? (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qys 'êàìóñ'

face="Times New Roman Star"xys/ 'back, behind'face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s berbe:kej 'ùèêîëîòêà, ëîäûæêà' (?)







face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?



face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 281, ÝÑÒß 6, 252-253.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut aslant, make notches 2 to cut in small piecesface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðåçàòü íàèñêîñîê, äåëàòü çàðóáêè 2 ðåçàòü íà ìåëêèå êóñî÷êè
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (AH, Ettuhf.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qij- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xújú chip, sliverface="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 'walk around'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 261, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-200. Turk. *kyjgac? > Kalm. ki:g|@s (KW 234). The meaning of the Orkh. hapax qyd- (see EDT 595) is quite insecure and cannot serve as a basis for reconstructing *Kyd-; all other forms (including qyj- 'to cut aslant' and qyj-ma 'cut meat' in MK) point unambiguously to *Kyj-, see ÝÑÒß 6, 200, 202-203. There exist also common Turkic derivatives *Kyj-yr and *Kyj-yk 'oblique, bent'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 greedy, miserly 2 wise, clever 3 to offer, sacrifice 4 to dareface="Times New Roman Star"1 æàäíûé, ñêóïîé 2 ìóäðûé, óìíûé 3 æåðòâîâàòü, ïðèíîñèòü â æåðòâó, ïîñâÿùàòü ñåáÿ 4 ñìåòü, ðåøàòüñÿ, ïîêóøàòüñÿ

face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|a 2, xyjtyx 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúj- 4



face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-198 (confused with *Kyj- 'to cut aslant' which should be probably kept apart).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hairface="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"x@l@xface="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine'face="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl
face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly:c?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"swordface="Times New Roman Star"ìå÷face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kylyc?, kylyz?|face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qilic?face="Times New Roman Star"qilic?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyz?|face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"xylysface="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Gyli:c?face="Times New Roman Star"x@s/face="Times New Roman Star"kylys, kyly:s
face="Times New Roman Star"xylys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylysface="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 570, ÝÑÒß 6, 212-214. Cf. also *Kyla-gu 'blade' (VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 207-208).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sheath, scabbardface="Times New Roman Star"íîæíû, ÷åõîë
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qyn (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qin, (Khorazm dial.) qyjnface="Times New Roman Star"qinface="Times New Roman Star"qyn (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"Gynface="Times New Roman Star"Gy:nface="Times New Roman Star"xynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qyn
face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@, dial. @n@face="Times New Roman Star"ky:n
face="Times New Roman Star"xyn
face="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qyn
face="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 630-631, Åãîðîâ 79, Ëåêñèêà 571, ÝÑÒß 6, 217-218.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to break, demolish 2 small 3 to scrape, shaveface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ìàëåíüêèé 3 ñêðåñòè, áðèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 'to scrape; to tear out'face="Times New Roman Star"kyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 (Pav. C.), 1, 'to cut off' (Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qir- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 3, 'to cut'face="Times New Roman Star"qyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"x@r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265; EDT 643; TMN 3, 567, Ëåêñèêà 382, ÝÑÒß 6, 227-229, Stachowski 168, 170. The Yak. form kyra 'small' is a rather transparent semantical derivative, although it is not usually listed among the reflexes of PT *Kyr-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 isolated mountain 2 mountain top, mountain ridge 3 steppe, desert, level ground 4 edgeface="Times New Roman Star"1 îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùàÿ ãîðà 2 âåðøèíà ãîðû, ãðåáåíü ãîðû, âîçâûøåííîñòü 3 ñòåïü, ïóñòûíÿ, ðàâíèíà 4 êðàé
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 1 (MK, KB), 'rising ground' (IM,14 c.)face="Times New Roman Star"kyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (Sangl.), qir (Pav. C.) 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qir 2, 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qir 3, 4

face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"xyr 2, 'roof'face="Times New Roman Star"qyrface="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xir 3face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtas 2; kyrdal 'hill'face="Times New Roman Star"kyrdal 'hill'

face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641, VEWT 265, Ëåêñèêà 95-96, ÝÑÒß 6, 225, Stachowski 169. Derived is PT *Kyran 'edge, ridge' (ÝÑÒß 6, 226); but note that modern forms like Turkm. Gyra, Tuva qyra etc. are borrowed < Mong. kira.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to shear, scrapeface="Times New Roman Star"ñòðè÷ü, ñêðåñòèface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrk-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qirq-face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)q-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrx-face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"xyryx-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-, qyrqy-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-
face="Times New Roman Star"kyrt-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|y-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 651, VEWT 266, ÝÑÒß 6, 236-237.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fortyface="Times New Roman Star"ñîðîêface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrkface="Times New Roman Star"qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qirqface="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)q
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrxface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"xyryxface="Times New Roman Star"qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq, qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"x@r@x



face="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrx, qyryxface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 651, VEWT 266, Ëåêñèêà 573, ÝÑÒß 6, 235-236.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kys-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 short 2 narrow 3 to squeezeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîòêèé 2 óçêèé 3 ñäàâëèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qysg|a (Orkh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys- 3 (MK, KB), qysyg| 2 (MK), qysqa 1 (KB), qysg|a 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kysa 1, kys- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qys- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 (Abush.), qys- (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa, qysGa 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gysa 1face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa 1, Gys- 3face="Times New Roman Star"xysxa 1, xys- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@k 2, x@s- 4face="Times New Roman Star"kyhaj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"kyhalga 'straits, sorrow' ( = Yak. kyhalga)face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qy's- 4, qyzy: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qy'sqa 1, qy's- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysxa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qsyqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysGa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kys-ga 'short' is derived from PT *Kys- 'to press, squeeze'. See VEWT 267, EDT 665-7, ÝÑÒß 6, 251-253, Stachowski 167.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kysyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 barren (cow) 2 barren mareface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿëîâàÿ (êîðîâà) 2 ÿëîâàÿ êîáûëà
face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysraq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kysyr 1, kysrak 2face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr (Pav. C.) 1, qysyraq 2 (Houts., Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysyraq 2face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, GysraG 2face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, Gysraq 2face="Times New Roman Star"xyzyr 1, xyzyrax 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@r 1, k@sre 2face="Times New Roman Star"kytara:- 'ñòàòü ñòàðîäîéíîþ, ÿëîâåòü'face="Times New Roman Star"kytarak 'barren'face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1, qyzyraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyt|yr 1, qyt|yraq (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 668-669, VEWT 267, 268, ÝÑÒß 6, 249-251, Stachowski 170. Turk. > Kalm. ki:sr, KW 234 (but Doerfer TMN 3, 476 objects, saying that Kalm. is a "dialektische Variante von ku":sr < ke'u"-ser"); > Mong. qusuran| / kisuran| 'barren (cow)' > Man. kisari.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"winterface="Times New Roman Star"çèìàface="Times New Roman Star"qys? (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qis?face="Times New Roman Star"qis?face="Times New Roman Star"qysface="Times New Roman Star"Gys?face="Times New Roman Star"Gys?face="Times New Roman Star"xysface="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"x@lface="Times New Roman Star"kys, kyhynface="Times New Roman Star"kyhynface="Times New Roman Star"qy`s?
face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qysface="Times New Roman Star"qysface="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys
face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 670, VEWT 268, TMN 3, 479, Ëåêñèêà 75-76, ÝÑÒß 6, 253-254, Stachowski 167-168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 girl 2 womanface="Times New Roman Star"1 äåâóøêà 2 æåíùèíàface="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z 1face="Times New Roman Star"xys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@r 1, x@r-(arúm) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyd| 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, TMN 3, 569-70, EDT 679-80, Ëåêñèêà 295, 318, ÝÑÒß 6, 190-191, Stachowski 172. For PT one should reconstruct variants *ky:r//*ky:r (they are reflected in several derivatives, e.g. *Ky:r-kyn, see Ëåêñèêà 317-318, ÝÑÒß 6, 237, *Kyr-nak, see TMN 3, 456, ÝÑÒß 6, 240).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"redface="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíûéface="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qizilface="Times New Roman Star"qizilface="Times New Roman Star"qizilface="Times New Roman Star"Gyzylface="Times New Roman Star"Gyzylface="Times New Roman Star"xyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"x@rl@face="Times New Roman Star"kyhylface="Times New Roman Star"kyhylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyd|ylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"Gyzilface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kyr/-yl 'red' is derived from *Ky:r/- 'to redden; glow' (Turkm. Gyz-, Tur. kyz- etc.), where length is witnessed by Yak. ky:s-. One has to assume shortening in polysyllabic derivatives (besides *Kyr/yl also *Kyr/-yk-, *Kyr/l-ar-), with secondary analogical shortening in Turkm. Gyz-; see VEWT 269, EDT 681, 683-4, TMN 3, 469, Ëåêñèêà 602-603, ÝÑÒß 6, 187-189, 194-196, Stachowski 167. Cf. also *Ky:r 'grey' (VEWT 265, TMN 3, 567, ÝÑÒß 6, 229-230).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Koc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"ramface="Times New Roman Star"áàðàíface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qar, qoc?un|ar (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?n|ar (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koc?, koc?karface="Times New Roman Star"quc?qar (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|c? (dial.), qo.c?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qa(r), qos?qa(r)face="Times New Roman Star"quz?g|arface="Times New Roman Star"Goc?face="Times New Roman Star"Goc?, Goc?Gar

face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qorface="Times New Roman Star"Goc?


face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar
face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qorface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qus?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qocxarface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar, qoc?xarface="Times New Roman Star"g|os?, qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qor, qos?qurface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qarface="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ÝÑÒß 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912; Russ. dial. koc?ko/r, koc?ka/r/, see Àíèêèí 308, 309.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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