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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to scrape, scratch 3 plane face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü 3 ðóáàíîê face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (KB ), qazy- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kaz- 1,2, kazy- 2, kazag|y 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (AH , Houts. , MA , IM , Pav. C. ) 1, (Pav. C. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1, qazi- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1,2, Gazy- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1, Gaza- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. xas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xas- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qad|y- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 185-186, Ìóäðàê 103, Stachowski 140. Chuv. -y- is not quite clear here. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/gan- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to earn wages by labour, to gain profits by trade, to strive for success face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèîáðåòàòü, õðàíèòü, âûèãðûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- (Sangl. , Houts. , Ettuhf. , IM , Pav. C. , MA ), Kypch. qazan- (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan- face="Times New Roman Star"xúrg|ún 'ñêóïåö, ñêðÿãà, ñêàðåä' face="Times New Roman Star"xaha:n- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 188-189. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiar/y face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"inner fat face="Times New Roman Star"áðþøíîé æèð face="Times New Roman Star"qazy (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qazy face="Times New Roman Star"qe|zi face="Times New Roman Star"qezi face="Times New Roman Star"xazy face="Times New Roman Star"qazy face="Times New Roman Star"jor-var 'ñêîðîìíàÿ ïèùà' face="Times New Roman Star"qaha face="Times New Roman Star"qazy face="Times New Roman Star"qazy face="Times New Roman Star"qazy face="Times New Roman Star"qazy face="Times New Roman Star"qazy face="Times New Roman Star"qad|y face="Times New Roman Star"qazy face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 189-190, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 193-194, TMN 3, 359, EDT 681, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 491. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/, *Kar/-dyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 scales 3 dandruff 4 to peel bark 5 to husk nuts face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ÷åøóÿ 3 ïåðõîòü 4 ñäèðàòü êîðó 5 ëóùèòü îðåõè face="Times New Roman Star"qadyz 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qaz, qad|yz 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qajry 1, dial. qajyz 1; qajyzla- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|o|q 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qazdyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xastyryx 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xujúr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qatyryk 1; xasta:- 'to skin' face="Times New Roman Star"kasta:- 'to skin' face="Times New Roman Star"qazyryq 2, qazy- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qa's- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qajry, dial. qajyd| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, 243, EDT 608, 665, ÝÑÒß 5, 211-212, 328, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 352, Ëåêñèêà 107. The original form here is *Kar/; a suffixed form was *Kar/dy(r/), later simplified to *Kadyr/. This can be clearly seen from forms like SUygh. and Khak. Another possible explanation could be an early dissimilation (*Kar/-yr/ > *Kadyr/ = *Kad|yr/, or already after the zetacism, *Kazyz > *Kad|yz). There is some confusion between *Kar/ and *Kas, *Kasuk in Old Turkic, but MK definitely spells the word as qaz. face="Times New Roman Star"*K[a]r/guk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pole, peg face="Times New Roman Star"ïàëêà, êîëûøåê face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|uq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qazn|uq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kazyk face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazuq (Áîð. Áàä. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ziq face="Times New Roman Star"qozuq face="Times New Roman Star"quzuq face="Times New Roman Star"gazyx (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"GazyG face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"*karuH > Hung. karo/ (see Gombocz 1912 , MNyTESz 2, 387). face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qad|a- 'to stick into', qad|aq, qad|yq 'nail' face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 682 (derivation from *Kar/- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Ka:ta- (v. sub *ka:/jta ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to criticize, malice face="Times New Roman Star"êðèòèêîâàòü, çëîáñòâîâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?ur- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|y- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z?|yt 'reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"xysxar- 'to reproach, blame', xyz?|yr- 'to tease smb.' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:hyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yry- 'to tease, ridicule' face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|yn- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 59. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyd- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 edge, border, seashore, frontier 2 margin, edging face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðàé, ãðàíèöà, áåðåã 2 îïóøêà, êàéìà face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yg| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyjy, kyj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyg| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyg| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"quju 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyty: 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyju: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjuw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 598, VEWT 261, Ëåêñèêà 94, ÝÑÒß 6, 196-197, 203. The root is also attested in verbal function (*Kydy- 'to border, hem'), see ÝÑÒß 6, 196. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to press together 2 scissors 3 tongs 4 to cut (with scissors) face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñæèìàòü 2 íîæíèöû 3 êëåùè face="Times New Roman Star"qyftu (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kypty (dial.) 2, ky(r)p- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 (Houts. , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrp- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyp- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xypty 2, xypla- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2, qypla- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qypta 2, qypc?yn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xypc?úk 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyptyj 2, kybyt-, kybyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyptyj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 234, EDT 582, ÝÑÒß 6, 221-222, 224, Stachowski 168. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut aslant, make notches 2 to cut in small pieces face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðåçàòü íàèñêîñîê, äåëàòü çàðóáêè 2 ðåçàòü íà ìåëêèå êóñî÷êè face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (AH , Ettuhf. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qij- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xújú chip, sliver face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 'walk around' face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 261, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-200. Turk. *kyjgac? > Kalm. ki:g|@s (KW 234). The meaning of the Orkh. hapax qyd- (see EDT 595) is quite insecure and cannot serve as a basis for reconstructing *Kyd-; all other forms (including qyj- 'to cut aslant' and qyj-ma 'cut meat' in MK ) point unambiguously to *Kyj-, see ÝÑÒß 6, 200, 202-203. There exist also common Turkic derivatives *Kyj-yr and *Kyj-yk 'oblique, bent'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hair face="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñ face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qil face="Times New Roman Star"qil face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl face="Times New Roman Star"xyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"x@l@x face="Times New Roman Star"kyl face="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine' face="Times New Roman Star"xyl face="Times New Roman Star"xyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to do, to make face="Times New Roman Star"äåëàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Pav. C. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qil- face="Times New Roman Star"qil- face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"xyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"@s/-x@l 'äåëà/' face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- face="Times New Roman Star"gyn- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 616, VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 205-206, Stachowski 88. Turk. *kyl-ync? 'deed' > Mong. kilinc?e 'sin' (see Clark 1980 , 43). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly:c? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sword face="Times New Roman Star"ìå÷ face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kylyc?, kylyz?| face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyz?| face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"xylys face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Gyli:c? face="Times New Roman Star"x@s/ face="Times New Roman Star"kylys, kyly:s face="Times New Roman Star"xylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 570, ÝÑÒß 6, 212-214. Cf. also *Kyla-gu 'blade' (VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 207-208). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyjm- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to move face="Times New Roman Star"äâèãàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qymyt- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kymylda- face="Times New Roman Star"qim- face="Times New Roman Star"qimil 'movement' face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyldan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:mylda- face="Times New Roman Star"xyjmyra- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyqta- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyl 'movement' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyl 'movement' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmylda- 'øåâåëèòüñÿ' face="Times New Roman Star"qymylda- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fermented milk face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëî÷íûé ñïèðòíîé íàïèòîê face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qimiz face="Times New Roman Star"qimiz face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyz face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyz face="Times New Roman Star"xymys, Sag., Koib. xumys face="Times New Roman Star"qymys face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|múw|s < Qypch. face="Times New Roman Star"kymys face="Times New Roman Star"xymys face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qomod|, qymyd| face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 629, Ëåêñèêà 450-451, ÝÑÒß 6, 219. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to long for, covet, to be obsessed with 2 to long (sexually) 3 coire face="Times New Roman Star"1 æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ 2 æåëàòü (ñåêñóàëüíî) 3 coire face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xyn-, xynyx- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyn-, qynyq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xúnúx- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qynyq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 632, ÝÑÒß 6, 632. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sheath, scabbard face="Times New Roman Star"íîæíû, ÷åõîë face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qin, (Khorazm dial.) qyjn face="Times New Roman Star"qin face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (ßÆÓ ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:n face="Times New Roman Star"xyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@, dial. @n@ face="Times New Roman Star"ky:n face="Times New Roman Star"xyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 630-631, Åãîðîâ 79, Ëåêñèêà 571, ÝÑÒß 6, 217-218. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:jn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beat face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêàçàíèå, øòðàô, âèíà 2 íàêàçûâàòü 3 æåñòîêîñòü, òèðàíèÿ 4 îñóæäàòü, ïîðèöàòü 5 òðóäíûé, òÿæåëûé 6 ìó÷èòü 7 îáèäà 8 îáèæàòü 9 áåäà, ìó÷åíèå 10 ãðåõ 11 ñåðäèòü, ðàçäðàæàòü 12 áèòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyjnyg| (acc.) (Orkh.), qyjn, qyn (OUygh.) 1, qyna- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn, qyjyn (KB ) 1, qyna- 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyjyn, kyjync? 3, kyna- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 5, qyjyna- 'to make difficult, hard' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn (Abush. , Áîð. Áàä. , MA ), qyn (Pav. C. ), qyna- 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyna- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qy:n 5, qy:na- 'to make difficult, torture' face="Times New Roman Star"xyjyx 7, xyjal 9 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjal 9, 10, qyjyq-ta- 8, qyjnag| 9 (*qyn/-lag|) face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qyjna- 6, qyjal 10, dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà ) qyj- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"x@n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ky:nn/a:-, kyjaxa:- 11, kyj- 'to pain, ache' face="Times New Roman Star"kyjn|a- 11, kyj- 'to kill' face="Times New Roman Star"xyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjyt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6, qynz?-yl- 'to be distressed' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qejin 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. EDT 631, ÝÑÒß 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Ky:jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Ùåðáàê 1997 , 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kyjaxa:- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Ky:jn as *Kyjyn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. ki/n 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912 ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bent, oblique face="Times New Roman Star"ñîãíóòûé, êîñîé face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qin|g|ir face="Times New Roman Star"qin|i(r) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"kyn|nar 'êðèâî, êîñî' face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264-265, EDT 639, ÝÑÒß 6, 220-221. OT qyn|raq 'curved dagger' > WMong. kig|ira, kin|gara (Kalm. ki:r@, Khalkha x/an|gar). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 pest, epidemic 2 mischief 3 archenemy face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷óìà, ýïèäåìèÿ 2 íåñ÷àñòüå 3 çàêëÿòûé âðàã face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (jag|y) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyran 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qiran 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr (dus?man) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyr (o"sto":x) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, ÝÑÒß 6, 224. Cf. also PT *Kurul- 'to have cramps' (VEWT 304). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 isolated mountain 2 mountain top, mountain ridge 3 steppe, desert, level ground 4 edge face="Times New Roman Star"1 îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùàÿ ãîðà 2 âåðøèíà ãîðû, ãðåáåíü ãîðû, âîçâûøåííîñòü 3 ñòåïü, ïóñòûíÿ, ðàâíèíà 4 êðàé face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 1 (MK , KB ), 'rising ground' (IM ,14 c.) face="Times New Roman Star"kyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (Sangl. ), qir (Pav. C. ) 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qir 2, 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qir 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr 2, 'roof' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xir 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtas 2; kyrdal 'hill' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrdal 'hill' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641, VEWT 265, Ëåêñèêà 95-96, ÝÑÒß 6, 225, Stachowski 169. Derived is PT *Kyran 'edge, ridge' (ÝÑÒß 6, 226); but note that modern forms like Turkm. Gyra, Tuva qyra etc. are borrowed < Mong. kira.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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