face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"k (MK: Oghuz), c?eku"c? (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"kec?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"c?, c?o"ku"c? (Abush., Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o.kic? 'hack'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"kis?
face="Times New Roman Star"su"kes?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"gu"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"cokuc, cekic, c?o"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 415. (< Iran., see TMN 3, 85-86?). Despite EDT, hardly derived from c?ek- 'to pull'. The controversy concerning the Iranian origin of the Turkic word vs. the Turkic origin of the Modern Persian one (see Doerfer, Clauson), should be probably resolved as follows: Old Persian ( = Av. cakus?- 'axe / hammer for throwing') > Pers. c?akus? 'hammer'; but Pers. c?ekoc?, c?ekoz?| are phonetically aberrant (see Horn 99) and should be regarded as Turkisms; Pers. c?ekus? is a mixed form. The source of Pers. c?ekoc? is Turk. c?eku"c? - a diminutive in -c? for the form c?eku"k. Turkic forms in -s? (Khal. c?a"kkus?, Kirgh. c?o"ku"s?, KKalp. s?o"kkis?, possibly also Nogh. s?o"kis?, Bashk. su"kes?) may be iranisms. Turk. > Mong. c?eku"c? (see Щербак 1997, 112).
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ege-dek, c?ege-l-dek 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ege-r 7
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eget 'forest, wood' (Karach.), 'North' (Balk.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekerdek 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirdek, c?ekirdek 3, c?eger 'blackthorn'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 867-868. Morphologically -t - is a collective suffix, -dak/-dyk - a denominative suffix. The word is attested in MK, but in an aberrant (dialectal) shape with s?-, and the meaning 'nut' is probably secondary, the original meaning of the root being 'coniferous tree, branch'. Several other plant names may be related, cf.: Chag. c?eke| 'berries found in the Fergana mountains'; Uzb. c?akanda 'облепиха крушиновидная', Uygh. c?a"ka"nda" 'a bush with red fruits' (R 3, 1947 Taranchi, mod. c?akanda 'a k. of thorny bush'), Az. c?a"kil 'mulberry'; Kirgh. South. c?ekende 'хвойник; кузьмичева трава; эфедра двуколосковая' (its pseudoberries are edible; despite Yudakhin, not < Iranian - the word is not attested in Persian). Turk. > Pers. c?a"ka"lda"k 'blackberry' (Гаффаров).
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"rge (MK Oghuz; Tefs.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirge
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikertke|
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egu"rtke, c?ewu"rtke (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?igirtka
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eka"tka"
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirtge
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirtge
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yrtxy
face="Times New Roman Star"saxsyrg|a 'fly'
face="Times New Roman Star"haksyrga 'fly'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ergi
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egertki
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|ertka"
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 416-417, Лексика 187, Stachowski 94. Forms like Tat. dial. sikertke are a result of contamination with *se:k- 'jump' (v. sub *sa:/ki).
face="Times New Roman Star"s?el 2, 'fat under skin', s?elpek 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?el-te- 'to husk grain'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?elpek 5
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 418-419, Лексика 392. Ogh. c?el-tik > Pers. c?altuk, s?altu:k (despite VEWT 104). Turk. c?elpek > Pers. c?alpak (TMN 3, 1111). The meaning 'eye pus, mucus' in *c?el-pek developed under the influence of the similar *c?apak (see under *c?ap- 'plaster'), but the two roots should be clearly distinguished (despite EDT 418).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 утренняя заря 2 туман, мгла
face="Times New Roman Star"c?an| ( ? c?a"n|) (ЛОК) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?en 2 (dial.) (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?an| 2 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"n, dial. c?an| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"san|marax 'марево'
face="Times New Roman Star"s/an-/s/avъn-talъk 'weather, climate' (Федотов 2 84-85; the second part = Tat. ta"wlek 'day, 24 hours')
face="Times New Roman Star"s?an|daq 'glow in the sky (from celestial phenomena or from fire)', dial. san|g|a"rt 'марево'
face="Times New Roman Star"ДТС 139, Лексика 35, 36. A somewhat dubious root. The words meaning 'mist' may go back to a separate root, PT *c?en| 'dust'. Other forms (including the late OT one) can be < Mong., but semantics is rather against assuming such a loan.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 399, Щербак 1961, 120. Cf. also Chag. c?iber 'mountain goat' (R). The reflex -b- in Turkm. and Uygh. may be an indication of original vowel length (?) Shcherbak's hypothesis of the word being borrowed < Iranian is dubious; Pers. c?apis?, c?apus? itself may well be borrowed < Turkic. In any case, the Persian form cannot be a regular IE match for Lat. caper. Cf. WH 1, 157, sub caper: "Np. c?apis?...lautlich unmo"glich"; indeed, Common Iranian -p- (< IE -p-) > Mod. Pers. and NW-Iran. -b-, in exceptional cases -v- (Расторгуева ЗИФ 114-115); a parallel for caper may perhaps be found in Sak. cau_, Osset. ca"v 'goat' (see Аб. 1, 307, Bailey 105). One should mention the problematic "Wanderformen" Rum. cap, Alb. tsap, Ital. dial. cappo, Crim.-Goth. stap, Slav. *ca//pъ 'he-goat'; cf. also Oyr. c?a:p 'one year-old roebuck' ( < Mong.?). See Трубачев 1960, 89-90, Orel 47 with literature; note especially Hubschmid's (1954, 49) hypothesis of the Turkic origin of this Wanderwort.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 1 (MK), c?er-le-n- 'to be constipated; to suppurate (of eyes)' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, c?irk 5, c?iris? 'flour paste'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 4, c?irla"- 4, c?ere- 3, c?erek 7
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 'tumeur, clou', c?ire- 'se de/gou/\ter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irk 'snuff; hardened wheel ointment'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"r 'horse's heart attack', c?a"rla"- 6, c?irk 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?irk '(dirty) spot; insult', c?errik 'illness (of cattle)'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir, dial. c?e.r 4, s/@r- 3, 6, s/@r@k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 9, 'hard tumour', c?erle- 'to be anguished', c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irenc? 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, 9, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sir 4, sere- 3, serek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iris? 8
face="Times New Roman Star"ciri-, c?iri- 3, cirik, c?irik 2, c?yrys? 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 9, s?ir- 3, s?irik 2, s?iris? 'slime'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, 9, c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irkew 'maggots in rotten food'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 427, 430, TMN 1077, Егоров 211-212, 326, Федотов 2,111-112, 420. As Doerfer notes, Turkic forms of the type c?irkin 'dirty, nasty, ugly' (Chag., Tur., Gag., Tat., Uzb.) are rather borrowed from Persian c?irkin (which itself is derived from c?irk, borrowed < Turkic).
face="Times New Roman Star"s/avar-/s/ar- 1, s/avra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sebirij- 'to uncoil (of a twisted rope)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jir- 'to twiddle a whirligig'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to tuck', c?u"jre 'contrariwise'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?evir- 1, c?evra" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"сivir-, c?evir- 1, civre 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to wrap'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 398, Егоров 201-201, Федотов 2, 80. Despite VEWT, there are no reasons to regard the Chuv. word as a borrowing.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 400-401, Лексика 120. Turk. > Mong. c?ec?eg, see TMN 3, 57, Щербак 1997, 112. Kypch. > Chuv. c?ec?c?e, c?ec?ek (see Егоров 322, Федотов 2, 408-409); some Turkic forms (Tuva c?ec?ek, perhaps also Oyr. c?ec?ek and some of the Kypchak forms) may be borrowed back < Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 393, 406,408, 413, 418, VEWT 107, Лексика 39, Stachowski 106. The actual reflexes are best explained if we postulate an opposition *c?yj 'wet, raw' - *c?yj-yk 'dew, moisture' (with further contractions). Some forms, however, could be secondarily borrowed from Mong. (see Kal/. MEJ 34).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pinch 2 a pinch, thimbleful
face="Times New Roman Star"1 щипать, брать щипком 2 щипок, щепотка
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik, c?imz?|ik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?e-t-, c?emc?e-n- 1, c?emc?ek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi- 1, c?imdik 2 (Pav. C.), (CCum.) c?ymdy- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im-, c?imc?i-, c?imc?i-la-, c?imdi-, c?imi-t- 1, c?imdi-m 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi-, c?imqi- 1, c?ymdim 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|/ume- 'to pick out, pull out'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik-le- 1, c?imdik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"mmu"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymz?|y-la- 1, c?ymc?yx 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?imc?i- 1, s?imc?ik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?y- 1, c?ymc?y-m 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?@b@t- 1, c?@pt@m, c?@pk@m 2 (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymc?y- 1, s?ymc?ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymz?|y- 1, s?ymz?|ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?y-, c?ymc?y-la- 1, c?ymc?ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?y-, s?yms?y-la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymty- 1, s?ymqym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"semte- 1, semte-m 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdi- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imdik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imde- 1, c?imdik 2, cymda-, c?ymda- 'to bite'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?y-, s?yms?y-la- 1, s?ym, s?yms?ym 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 108, TMN 3, 99, Егоров 323, Федотов 2, 413. Chuv. c?@b@t- is phonetically strange; it may reflect a secondary denasalization (Мудрак Дисс. 50), but may actually be a trace of a different root, cf. PA *c?`i/p`u/ or *c?`abo.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 meadow 3 various kinds of grass (with seeds)
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дерн 2 луг, лужайка 3 различные виды трав
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/im 1, c?imgen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imen 2, c?im 1; c?emen 'тмин; пажитник'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aman 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?ima"n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emen 2, 'bundle, bouquet'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym-c?olg|aj 'хлебенки (an edible bulbous plant')
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emene 'потничная трава'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n, c?ima"n 2 (< Pers.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?em/n 'горец, птичья гречишка' (Дмитриева-Саллонтаи VII, 49)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym 1; c?emirc?ek 'травянистое растение со съедобным корнем' (cf. also c?ymyldyq 'повилика', c?ymyldyryq, c?ymyndyq (dial.) 'чина')
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?imen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The primary root is *c?ym 'turf', whence *c?im-gen 'meadow', borrowed in Pers. c?aman (see EDT 423; not vice versa, despite TMN 2, 99-100); but many of the modern forms meaning 'meadow' or 'bouquet' are already backloans from Persian.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 nail, peg 2 corner 3 penis 4 fir
face="Times New Roman Star"1 гвоздь, колышек, чека 2 угол 3 penis 4 хвойное дерево
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/iv 2 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(c?iz?| 1 MK - a miswriting instead *c?iv?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"j 'wedge, cotter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"a" 3 (R, by animals), c?iva" 'space between legs above the knees', c?ivila"n 'back saddlegirth' (fixed with a wooden peg)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iis? 'wedge'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"so"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j, c?u"w, (K) c?ivij 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, 121, EDT 393-394, 396, Лексика 125, 398. Because of well known semantic correlations of the type 'penis': 'thorn': 'fir (needle)' it is tempting to compare also the name of the fir-tree: Tat. dial. (КСТТ) c?ivi, cyvy, Khak. syby, Shor s?u"be, Oyr. c?ibi (Tuba c?yby), Tuva s?ivi, Tof. s?ibi. However, the intermediate form meaning 'thorn' is not attested, and the medial consonant here is rather *-p- (unless we suppose interdialectal loans), so it may be unrelated.