| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*yr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"song | face="Times New Roman Star"ïåñíÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"yr (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yr (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"yr (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yr (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yr (Pav. C., AH) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"yr (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"yr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"yrya | face="Times New Roman Star"yrya | face="Times New Roman Star"yr | face="Times New Roman Star"yr | face="Times New Roman Star"yr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192, VEWT 166, 201, Ëåêñèêà 610, Stachowski 261. The root should be kept distinct from *jyr, although actively contaminating. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*yra-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"far, distant | face="Times New Roman Star"äàëåêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"yraq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jyraq (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"yrak adv. | face="Times New Roman Star"jyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"jyraq (Pav. C., MA), yraq (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jiro|q, iro|q | face="Times New Roman Star"jiraq | face="Times New Roman Star"jiraq, ju"ryq | face="Times New Roman Star"iraG adv. | face="Times New Roman Star"yra:q (àðõ.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yrax |
| face="Times New Roman Star"yraq, raq | face="Times New Roman Star"hyra:q |
| face="Times New Roman Star"yra:x | face="Times New Roman Star"yra:k | face="Times New Roman Star"yraq | face="Times New Roman Star"yraq | face="Times New Roman Star"yraaq | face="Times New Roman Star"z?yraq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jyraq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"jyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"yraq, z?yraq | face="Times New Roman Star"jyrax | face="Times New Roman Star"jyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"PT*yra-k- is derived from *yra- 'to be far'. See EDT 198, 214, ÝÑÒß 4, 286-287, Stachowski 261. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ysyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"êóñàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ysyr- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ysyr- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ysyr-, ysur- 'to bite, to eat' (Abush., Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"yzyr- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ytyr-, ysta:- | face="Times New Roman Star"ytyr-, ysta:- | face="Times New Roman Star"yzyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"y'syr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ysyr- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ysyr- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ysyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 167, EDT 251, ÝÑÒß 1, 671-672, Stachowski 262, 263. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*y:l/(c?) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûì 2 êîïîòü, ñàæà 3 çàïàõ, àðîìàò 4 èñïàðåíèÿ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ys 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jyd- 'smell' and *yjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ÝÑÒß 1, 379-382, Ëåêñèêà 370-371. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*yt / *it | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"dog | face="Times New Roman Star"ñîáàêà | face="Times New Roman Star"yt (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yt (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"it (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"yt (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"ys?t | face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"it |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"jydú | face="Times New Roman Star"yt | face="Times New Roman Star"yt | face="Times New Roman Star"y't | face="Times New Roman Star"y't | face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"i_t | face="Times New Roman Star"ijt | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"it |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ijt | face="Times New Roman Star"is?t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 174, TMN 2, 173-4, EDT 34, ÝÑÒß 1, 385, Åãîðîâ 83, Ëåêñèêà 188, Stachowski 262. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*y:d- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to send | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîñûëàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"yd- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yd|- (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ij- (AH) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"ij-, ys- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jar- | face="Times New Roman Star"y:t- | face="Times New Roman Star"y:t- | face="Times New Roman Star"yt- | face="Times New Roman Star"yt- | face="Times New Roman Star"ij- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ij- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ij- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 37-38, VEWT 164, ÝÑÒß 1, 332-333, Åãîðîâ 354, Stachowski 263. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:b- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to chew | face="Times New Roman Star"æåâàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kev- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gev- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s?a"- | face="Times New Roman Star"kevis? 'cud' (MA, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kaws?a- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"js?i- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"ju"s? 'cud' | face="Times New Roman Star"ga":vu"-s? 'cud' | face="Times New Roman Star"kipse-n- | face="Times New Roman Star"kepz?e-n- | face="Times New Roman Star"keps?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka":vis? 'cud' | face="Times New Roman Star"kavle- | face="Times New Roman Star"kebi:- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kegz?e-n- | face="Times New Roman Star"kegz?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j-s?-o"- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jis 'cud' | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jze- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jo"s? 'cud' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gevs?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vs?e-n- | face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jse- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s?a"- | face="Times New Roman Star"gu"js?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 244, EDT 687, ÝÑÒß 3, 5-7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to belch | face="Times New Roman Star"ðûãàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gejir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- | face="Times New Roman Star"gegir- (Pav. C.), kekir- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"keki(r)- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekirt- (ßÆÓ) | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"jir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kig@r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kegir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr- | face="Times New Roman Star"kegert- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"gi:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, EDT 712, ÝÑÒß 3, 37, Ëåêñèêà 232. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to come | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèõîäèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke.l- (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l-/kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel-, gej- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248; EDT 715, ÝÑÒß 3, 14-16, 31-32, Stachowski 143. The Chuv. and Yak. vowels correspond irregularly. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ger- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to spread out, to hang | face="Times New Roman Star"ðàñòÿãèâàòü, âåøàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ger- | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. k@r- (ÊÑÒÒ) | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ga"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"ger- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ker- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kar- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xer- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"ger- | face="Times New Roman Star"ger- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ger- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 254, EDT 735, ÝÑÒß 3, 23-24. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gEr/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to walk, walk through | face="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòü, ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåç | face="Times New Roman Star"kez- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kez- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gez- | face="Times New Roman Star"giz- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke/z- (Sangl., MA, Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kez- | face="Times New Roman Star"g/ka"z- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ga"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"gez- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ka"z- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kes- | face="Times New Roman Star"kez- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kez- | face="Times New Roman Star"gid|- | face="Times New Roman Star"[kezik 'î÷åðåäü'] | face="Times New Roman Star"gez- | face="Times New Roman Star"gez- | face="Times New Roman Star"gez- | face="Times New Roman Star"gez- (Kakuk) | face="Times New Roman Star"gez- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260, EDT 757, ÝÑÒß 3, 10-11. Cf. also (with -r-) Yak. kerij- 'walk around'. The derived Turk. *ger/ik 'turn, order' ( < *'going through') > MMong. kes?ik (SH), WMong. kesig 'wake, turn' (see TMN 1, 467-468, Clark 1980, 40). The verb itself was also borrowed, cf. WMong. kesu"-, Khalkha, Bur. xese-, Dag. kese- 'to wander, roam'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ger/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 notch of an arrow 2 aim (of a gun) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàñå÷êà íà ñòðåëå 2 ïðèöåë (ðóæüÿ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kez (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"gez 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kez 'arrow shaft' (Abush., Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ga"z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"gezlik 'small knife' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kes 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kes 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kez 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kid|e (dial.) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ke:z 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 756, 760, VEWT 260, ÝÑÒß 5, 20-21, TMN 4, 2-4. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to pass, wade | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðîõîäèòü, ïåðåõîäèòü âáðîä | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke/c?- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"/ec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kis- | face="Times New Roman Star"kez?-ir- 'to ferry across the river' | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kas/- | face="Times New Roman Star"kes- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ke's?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke's?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?-, kis- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 245, EDT 693-694, ÝÑÒß 3, 32-34, TMN 3, 584. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:c? (-e) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 long time 2 late 3 be late 4 night 5 evening 6 yesterday | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äîëãî 2 ïîçäíèé 3 îïàçäûâàòü 4 íî÷ü 5 âå÷åð 6 â÷åðà | face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 1, 2, kec?- 3, kec?e 4, 5 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 1, 2 (KB, MK), kec?- 3 (MK), kec?a" 4, 5 (KB, MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gec? 2, gez?|e 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kic? 5, kic?e| 5, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"gec?e 4 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?a 4, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"c?a" 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?e 4 (Mal.) | face="Times New Roman Star"gez?|a" 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"gi:c? 2, gi:z?|e 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|e: 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?ik 5 (Âåðá.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 2, 5, kec?e 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:ec?a" 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kas/ 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kiehe 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kiehe 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kez?e: 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kez?|e 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 2, kec?e: 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kes? 2, 5, kes?a" 5, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"kes? 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kis 5, kisa" 5, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 5, kec?e | face="Times New Roman Star"gez?|a" 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"gez?|e 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kes? 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"z?|i 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"gec?e 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 245, EDT 692-3, 694-5, ÝÑÒß 3, 40-41, 50-51, Ëåêñèêà 82, Stachowski 147. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KE:c?ir | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 trachea 2 cartilage | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òðàõåÿ 2 õðÿù |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ka"c?erka" 'a small hair on the back of a baby' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|@r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?irtke 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ked'ir 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kez?|ir 2, kez?|ir bo:s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?ir 'cartilage of the shoulderblade bone' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 246. Length is indicated by voicing in Tof. and lack of pharyngealization. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gi:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to enter | face="Times New Roman Star"âõîäèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"gi:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"k@r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"k@r- | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ker- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kir- (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 271, EDT 735-736, ÝÑÒß 3, 47-48, Stachowski 149. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*kil/i | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"person, people | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åëîâåê, ëþäè | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?e | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"k@z@ | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?i |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kihi | face="Times New Roman Star"kihi | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?e | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 272, EDT 752-753, ÝÑÒß 5, 78-79, Ëåêñèêà 325, Stachowski 147. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?yk, *gi:c?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 itching, tickling 2 to tickle | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çóä, ùåêîòêà 2 ùåêîòàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i-, qyc?y-la- (v.) (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"giz?|ik- 2, giz?|ik, gyz?|yk 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?e- (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"giz?|ik 1 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"gi:z?|i 1, Gyz?|yq 1, gi:z?|e- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"k@z/@ 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u"w 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260, 269, ÝÑÒß 3, 42-43, 6, 186-187, TMN 3, 567, EDT 591, 695. The back row variant is interacting with PT *Kyc?- 'to scrape, itch' q. v. sub *k`i_u\c?u\. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"rgen | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wild onion or garlic | face="Times New Roman Star"äèêèé ëóê èëè ÷åñíîê |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vu"rgen (MK), ko"mu"rgen (MK - Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"gu"mu"ren |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"b@rgen |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgen |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"ro"n (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"girhen | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgo"n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ren |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 691, ÝÑÒß 3, 100; VEWT 285; Ëåêñèêà 124. Sometimes explained as derived from ko"bu"r- 'to foam' (see VEWT ibid.); this seems a folk etymology, but may explain the irregular -b- in some of the forms. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go":k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 blue 2 green ("macro-blue" according to Wierzbicka) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñèíèé 2 çåëåíûé | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 (MK, KB), 2 (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"j 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go":k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|vak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"x 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gux 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 287, TMN 3, 640-642, EDT 708-9, ÝÑÒß 3, 66-68, Ëåêñèêà 60, 604, Stachowski 165. In most languages the root also means 'sky'. Turk. > Hung. ke/k 'blue', see Gombocz 1912. |
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