▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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face="Times New Roman Star"*c?y:pyn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 fly 2 gad-fly 3 mosquito 4 bee | face="Times New Roman Star"1 муха 2 овод 3 комар 4 пчела, шершень |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyn 1, 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ibin 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eben 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ibin 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivin 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ibin 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?y:byn 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?ymyn 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymyn 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybyn 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"seben-le- 'to be annoyed by fly-bites (of animals)' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ibin 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ibin 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, EDT 838, TMN 3, 53, Лексика 186. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*jidge, *jidge-lek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 jujube 2 strawberry, berry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ююба, лох 2 земляника, ягода | face="Times New Roman Star"jigde 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jigde 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ijde 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ila"k, jela"k (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"igde (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ijda 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|igda" 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ijda" 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"igde 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?istek, sestek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"d/ilek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/yrla 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ijde 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijde 1, z?idek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jelek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jela"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ilek 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijde 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ijelek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 911, VEWT 202, ЭСТЯ 1, 325-326, Лексика 122, 140. Turk. (Bulg.) > Hung. szo?lo? 'grape' (<*s/id|leg|), see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 794. Turk. *jigde > Mong. z?|igde, z?|egde (Щербак 1997, 123); but the TM forms are not borrowed, despite Doerfer MT 73. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ypc?yk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sparrow | face="Times New Roman Star"воробей, мелкая птица |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) c?apc?uq, c?ypc?yq (AH), s?yps?yq (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?imc?ek, (dial.) c?abc?yk, c?ypc?yk | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ypc?yq, dial. c?ypyj | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ypc?uq, c?upc?uq (MA, Abush., Pav. C.), c?imc?ik (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?umc?uq | face="Times New Roman Star"tumuc?uq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?yq, dial. c?ypz?|yq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?imc?iges? 'titmouse' (Верб., Upper-Kond.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ibilc?ik (dial.) 'a k. of bird' (R, Верб., Kumd.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?yq; c?imeldirek (South.) 'a small green bird' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybys?yq | face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?yq | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"pseq 'wagtail; (dial.) sparrow', sypqaj 'утка-поганка' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"cyfcyq | face="Times New Roman Star"s?yms?yq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|imc?iq, dial. c?imc?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 109, Лексика 176. Turk. > Mong. c?ipc?iqaj (TMN 3, 123, Щербак 1997, 113). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*jigren- ( ? -e-) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to hate, abhor | face="Times New Roman Star"испытывать отвращение |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jigren- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ijren- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ire|n- | face="Times New Roman Star"jigren- (Ettuhf., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jirga"n-, z?|irgen- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ijra"n- | face="Times New Roman Star"jigren- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sirgen- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|erin-, z?|iren-, z?|ijirken- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijren- | face="Times New Roman Star"jijren- | face="Times New Roman Star"jera"n- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"i:ren- | face="Times New Roman Star"iren- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijren-, z?ijirken- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|irgen- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 914-915, ЭСТЯ 4, 200-201. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyg- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to collect | face="Times New Roman Star"собирать | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|- (Pav. C., MA, AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jig|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jig|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|-, jig|-, jiq- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju:-, d/u- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyj- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyj- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyv- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"jig|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yj- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 897, VEWT 200, ЭСТЯ 4, 271-272, 272-273, TMN 4, 183. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju(b)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to wash; to bathe, to swim | face="Times New Roman Star"мыть; купаться, плавать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju- (Pav. C., AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"juw- | face="Times New Roman Star"juw-, juj- | face="Times New Roman Star"juw-, ju- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju(w)- | face="Times New Roman Star"juw- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug|- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ju:- | face="Times New Roman Star"s/u- | face="Times New Roman Star"su:-j- | face="Times New Roman Star"hu:-j- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u:- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u:- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw- | face="Times New Roman Star"juw- | face="Times New Roman Star"jyw- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uw-, z?uw-, zuw-; z?u:n- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"juw- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uw- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 870, VEWT 209, ЭСТЯ 4, 238, Stachowski 114. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*me:me (*be:me) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 breast (fem.) 2 nipple 3(poet.) breast | face="Times New Roman Star"1 грудь (ж.) 2 сосок 3 грудь (поэт.) 4 соска |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"meme 1, Old Osm. memek (17th c.) | face="Times New Roman Star"me|mi, me|me|j 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ma"ma" 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ma"ma" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ma":me 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ma":ma"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"me:me: 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ma"ma"j 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ma"ma"j 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ma"ma" 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ma"ma" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ma"mma" 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"An onomatopoetic root. See VEWT 333, ЭСТЯ VII. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*ed, *ed-gu" | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 thing, goods 2 good, excellent 3 good action, benefit | face="Times New Roman Star"1 вещь, добро, имущество 2 хороший, отличный 3 благодеяние | face="Times New Roman Star"ed 1 (OUygh.), edgu" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ed| 1, ed|gu" 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"iji 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ige, ijge |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ejgi-lik 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"tu"o" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"o" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eki 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"e'kki 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ijgi-lig 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ijgi 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"igi,izgi 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"i: 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 245-247, 248-249, 329-330, VEWT 35-36, EDT 33, 51, Stachowski 201. PT *ed-gu" is derived from PT *ed 'thing, goods' (Лексика 326) ( > Mong. ed, MMong. (SH etc.) ed, see Щербак 1997, 113). Mong. edege- 'to feel better, recover' (Dag. edge-) is also possibly < Turkic. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*el, -ig | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hand | face="Times New Roman Star"рука | face="Times New Roman Star"elig (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"elig (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"el |
| face="Times New Roman Star"el, elig (Abush., MA, Бор. Бад., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ilik (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ilik (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ylyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"a"l | face="Times New Roman Star"el |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ilik (Верб.), ilgilik 'mitten' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"`l | face="Times New Roman Star"alъ | face="Times New Roman Star"ili:, eli: | face="Times New Roman Star"ili: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"eldik 'mitten' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jel/ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"el |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 39, EDT 140-1, ЭСТЯ 1, 260-261, Лексика 251, Егоров 24, Stachowski 125-126. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*ur/y-n, *ur/a-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 long 2 lie; grow 3 far 4 long (time), late | face="Times New Roman Star"1 длинный 2 лежать; расти 3 далекий 4 долгий, поздний | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1 (MK, KB), uzaq (MK) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzak 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ozyn 1, ozaq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzo|q 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, ozaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzan- 2, uzaG 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzy:n 1, uzaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uza:n- 2, uza:q 3, uzu:.n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|rъw|m 1, vъw|rax 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uhun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uhun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1 uza- 'удлиняться' | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"u_zu_n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"od|on 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1, uzaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzyn 1, uzaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"uzyn 1, uzyx| 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"PT *ur/y-n 'long', *ur/a-k 'far, long' are derived from *ur/a- 'to be long, prolonged'. See VEWT 518, EDT 281, 283, 288-9, ЭСТЯ 1, 570-572, Stachowski 241. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ok | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 many, very 2 vile, hooligan 3 to gather, multiply 4 group, crowd | face="Times New Roman Star"1 много, очень 2 дурной, хулиган, баловник 3 собирать(ся), размножать(ся) 4 толпа, множество |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (ДТС - KB), c?o:q 2 (MK - Oghuz), c?og|-al- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ok (-g|u) 1, c?og|al- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (Sangl., Oghuz-nama, AH), c?oq- 3 (Abush.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1, c?oxal- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq (-qu) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sox 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?og| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?og|yr 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 'дружно' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oju 4, c?oq-la-n- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1, c?og|y 4 (K) | face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 2, 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, EDT 405, 406. The Oghuz adverb 'much', in the 12th c. (KB) 'very, extremely', is probably the same word as c?oq 'bad, vile'(Ogh. 11) (cf. also the Tuva parallel). Turk. > Mong. (Khalkha) cox in cox xara 'very black'. The identification of c?oq-(la-) 'gather, collect' with c?og|-la- 'to bind, pack' (ДТС) or c?oq- 'to bend' (EDT) is rather dubious. Vocalic length is unclear (cf. the voicing of -k- in Western Oghuz). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"root | face="Times New Roman Star"корень |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (AH, Бор. Бад., Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kъw|k (Anatri) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 287, EDT 708, TMN 3, 598, ЭСТЯ 5, 91-92, Лексика 109. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*jumur | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bowels, intestines | face="Times New Roman Star"кишки, внутренности |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jumur (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?umur 'maw' | face="Times New Roman Star"n/umur 'maw' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937-8. Historically the root should be probably kept distinct from *jum- 'round' and *jumurtka 'egg' - although internal contaminations were of course inevitable. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sand | face="Times New Roman Star"песок | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum, qom | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xъw|m | face="Times New Roman Star"kumax | face="Times New Roman Star"kumak | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_m | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 299, EDT 625, Лексика 102, ЭСТЯ 6, 133-134, Stachowski 160. Turk. > WMong. qum, Kalm. xum 'sand' (KW 196; TMN 3, 508), Hung. homok (Gombocz 1912). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*ol-ur-, *ol(u)-tur- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to sit | face="Times New Roman Star"сидеть | face="Times New Roman Star"oltur- (OUygh.), olur- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"oltur- (MK), ol- 'to be' (At., IM), 'to become ripe' (MK, IM, Bulgat) | face="Times New Roman Star"otur- | face="Times New Roman Star"utyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"oltur- (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.), (?) ol- 'to be' (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"u.tir- | face="Times New Roman Star"oltur- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"otur- | face="Times New Roman Star"otur- | face="Times New Roman Star"odyr- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"otur- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"lar- | face="Times New Roman Star"olor- | face="Times New Roman Star"olor- | face="Times New Roman Star"olur- | face="Times New Roman Star"olyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"otur- | face="Times New Roman Star"otyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"oltyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ultyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"oltur- | face="Times New Roman Star"otur- | face="Times New Roman Star"otur- | face="Times New Roman Star"otyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"oht(yr)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 489-492. EDT 125, 331-332, VEWT 79, TMN 2, 358, Stachowski 192. See also the comments on *bo:l- ' to be, become'. From the forms phonetically looking like ol- 'to be, become' the only actual reflexes of PT *ol- may be Middle Uygh. (At., Tefs., IM - opposed to bar, bir-) and Middle Kypchak (Bulgat, Ettuhf.), cf. ЭСТЯ 2, 186; Chag. ol- may as well be < Oghuz. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*kic?u"k /-g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"small, little | face="Times New Roman Star"маленький | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ig (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u"g (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?u"k, kic?i (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?e | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik (IM, AH, Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"kyc?ig| | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i | face="Times New Roman Star"k@c?@g |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u" |
| face="Times New Roman Star"k@z/@n | face="Times New Roman Star"kuc?c?uguj | face="Times New Roman Star"kuc?c?uguj, ku"c?c?u"gu"j |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u": | face="Times New Roman Star"k@s?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?kej | face="Times New Roman Star"kese | face="Times New Roman Star"gic?c?e | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?u"k, ku"z?|u"k | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?kena" | face="Times New Roman Star"k@s?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, EDT 696, ЭСТЯ 5, 75-77, Stachowski 159, 163. On Turk. > Hung. kis 'small' see Gombocz 1912. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*kem, *Ka- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 who 2 which | face="Times New Roman Star"1 кто 2 какой | face="Times New Roman Star"kem (OT, OUygh.) 1, qaju (OT, OUygh.), qanu (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem?kim (MK, KB) qaju (MK, KB) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim (Abush., IM) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim, kem (dial.) 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kam 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, xaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, kaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qym 1, qajy 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qum 1, qai 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"m 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 271, EDT 720-721, ЭСТЯ 5, 67-68, 191-192, Stachowski 134, 147. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*iagyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"heavy | face="Times New Roman Star"тяжелый | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"awyr | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|ir | face="Times New Roman Star"eg|ir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"aGyr | face="Times New Roman Star"a:r |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ag|i:.r | face="Times New Roman Star"jyvъr | face="Times New Roman Star"yar | face="Times New Roman Star"yara-kan | face="Times New Roman Star"a:r | face="Times New Roman Star"a:r | face="Times New Roman Star"o:r | face="Times New Roman Star"awyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"awyr | face="Times New Roman Star"awur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"awyr | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 8, EDT 88-9, ЭСТЯ 1, 85-87, Егоров 82-83, Лексика 338-339, Stachowski 258. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to come near 2 near 3 to come near to each other, pass 3 good | face="Times New Roman Star"1 приближаться 2 близкий 3 приближаться, подходить 4 хороший | face="Times New Roman Star"jaq- (OUygh.) 1, jaqyn (OUygh.) 2, jaqys?- (OUygh.) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaq- (MK, KB) 1, jaqyn (MK) 2, jaqys?- (MK) 3, jax|s?y (MK) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jakyn 2, jakys?- 3, jaks?y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaqyn 2, jaxs?y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaqyn (MA) 2, jax|s?y 4 (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaqin 2, jaxs?i 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaq- 1, jeqin 2, jaqs?i 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jahGyn 2, jaxs?(i) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaxyn 2, jaxs?y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaq- 1, jaqy:n 2, jaGs?y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yn 2, c?axsy 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|y: 'close to' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?y'xa- 'to press to' | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aqyn 2, z?|aqs?y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?aqyn 2, z?aqsy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaqyn 2, jaxs?y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaqyn 2, jaqs?y 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaqyn 2, jaqys?- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaqyn 2, jaqs?y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?aqyn 2, z?aqsy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jax|yn 2, jax|s?y 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 178, 180, EDT 896-9, 901, 904, 908-9, ЭСТЯ 4, 63-64, 81, 84, TMN 4, 179. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kys- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 short 2 narrow 3 to squeeze | face="Times New Roman Star"1 короткий 2 узкий 3 сдавливать | face="Times New Roman Star"qysg|a (Orkh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qys- 3 (MK, KB), qysyg| 2 (MK), qysqa 1 (KB), qysg|a 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kysa 1, kys- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qys- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 (Abush.), qys- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa, qysGa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gysa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa 1, Gys- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xysxa 1, xys- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@k 2, x@s- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhaj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhalga 'straits, sorrow' ( = Yak. kyhalga) | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qy's- 4, qyzy: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qy'sqa 1, qy's- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysxa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qsyqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qysGa 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kys-ga 'short' is derived from PT *Kys- 'to press, squeeze'. See VEWT 267, EDT 665-7, ЭСТЯ 6, 251-253, Stachowski 167. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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