| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*es | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 memory, mind 2 to pity, regret | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàìÿòü, ðàññóäîê 2 æàëåòü, ñîæàëåòü | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 (KB), esirge- 2 (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 (AH, KW) | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"s 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"ksi (< a"s-ki) 'clever' | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"as 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"it| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 252, VEWT 49, 50, ÝÑÒß 1, 310, Åãîðîâ 33, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 61. Turk. > WMong. esi, Kalm. is? 'allowing, etiquette'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*et | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"meat | face="Times New Roman Star"ìÿñî | face="Times New Roman Star"et (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"et (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"et (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"a"t | face="Times New Roman Star"jeht | face="Times New Roman Star"a"t | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"a"t ( < Az.?) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"t | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"e't | face="Times New Roman Star"e't | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"it | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"jet' | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"a"ht | face="Times New Roman Star"et | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, EDT 33, ÝÑÒß 1, 311-312, Ëåêñèêà 455, Stachowski 48. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*er- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to be (aux.) | face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü (âñïîì.) | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- (i-ken (perf.) 'it appears', i-mes? (evident.) '...says that it is') | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"e-, er-u"r (fut.) | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"er- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"er- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"a"r- (D. GCh 182) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er- | face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er- | face="Times New Roman Star"e-/ir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"i-/ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"ir- (Kakuk 182) | face="Times New Roman Star"e- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 193-194, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 218-220, Stachowski 42, 46. The verb frequently occurs as e-, without the final -r- (see ibid.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to hang on (smth.) 2 hook | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âåøàòü (íà ÷òî-ë.) 2 êðþ÷îê | face="Times New Roman Star"il- (OUygh.) 1, ilin- (refl.) (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- (MK) 1, ylyn- (refl.) (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. il- 1, ilmek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"yl- (Abush., Sangl.), ylyn- (refl.) (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmo|q 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmaq 2, 'loop' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ilma"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"@l- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"júlú, júlmak 'loop' | face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ilin- (refl.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 170, ÝÑÒß 1, 343-346, Åãîðîâ 73-74. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:l/c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"work, deed | face="Times New Roman Star"ðàáîòà, äåëî | face="Times New Roman Star"is? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ys? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is, ys | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i:.s? | face="Times New Roman Star"@s/ | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s | face="Times New Roman Star"is | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 254, VEWT 174, ÝÑÒß 1, 395-396, Åãîðîâ 66. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*si:l/ / *sy:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 tooth 2 sharp stick | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çóá 2 âåðòåë, îñòðûé êîëûøåê | face="Times New Roman Star"sys? 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sys? 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?es? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sys? 2 (Sangl.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s@s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?úl 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?es? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?is? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?is? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 424, TMN 3, 324, EDT 856-7. Turk. > Kalm. c?is?, s?is? (KW 442). An interesting common Turkic derivative is *si:l/-le > *si:le 'ñóäàê' (fish name), as "fish with teeth" (Turkm. si:le, Chuv. s?úla etc., see ÝÑÒß 7; Turk. > Hung. su"llo?, see MNyTESz 3, 628): such derivation may be postulated on analogy with KKalp. ti>sli, Uzb. tis?li (balyq) 'ñóäàê', lit. 'fish with teeth'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r/ / *y:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 trace 2 furrow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëåä 2 áîðîçäà, ìåæà | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1, yzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"y:z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@r 1, júran 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1, yzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>d| 1, yd|an 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jiz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz, yz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hyzan 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, ÝÑÒß 1, 383-385, 646, 647, VEWT 175, Åãîðîâ 79, 75. There exists a verbal derivative *i:r/-te- 'to follow one's tracks', attested as iste- as early as in OUygh. (see EDT 243) and in many modern languages (see ÝÑÒß 1, 383); but simultaneously there is a variant *i:r-te- (with *-r/- > -r- according to Helimski's rule), attested already in MK (see EDT 208) and in Yak., Dolg. irde:-, see Stachowski 128. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"interrogative particle | face="Times New Roman Star"âîïðîñèòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/-me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ba/be | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-im |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"-be |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-by | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-my | face="Times New Roman Star"-mu/my | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mo | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma/me | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"-mi | face="Times New Roman Star"Ìîðôîëîãèÿ 2. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"not | face="Times New Roman Star"íå | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"-my- | face="Times New Roman Star"-ma- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*be.- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 I 2 (*bi-r/) we | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿ 2 (*bi-r/) ìû | face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.), men 1 (OUygh.), biz 2 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1 (MK, KB), biz 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bez 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1 (Abush.), biz 2 (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, pyz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, bi:z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, p@s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, pis 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, mis 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"e-b@ 1, e-b@r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bihigi 2 (Poss.) | face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bihigi 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, bis 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, bi's 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, miz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bed| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, miz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1, bis 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"me:(n) 1, pise(r) 2 (ÑÑß 128) | face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 346 (*be.-n), 388 (*bir/), ÝÑÒß 2, 129-130, VEWT 77, 333, Stachowski 60, 179. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:(n)r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ice | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåä |
| face="Times New Roman Star"buz (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"boz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz, muz (Abush., MA, Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"pyz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:z | face="Times New Roman Star"pus | face="Times New Roman Star"mus |
| face="Times New Roman Star"buza"k | face="Times New Roman Star"púw|r | face="Times New Roman Star"mu:s, bu:s | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"bod| | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 91, EDT 389, ÝÑÒß 2, 238-239, Ëåêñèêà 17-18, TMN 2, 336, Stachowski 67. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ne:- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"what | face="Times New Roman Star"÷òî | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ni, ne|rse| | face="Times New Roman Star"ne (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"na" | face="Times New Roman Star"ni | face="Times New Roman Star"na" | face="Times New Roman Star"na":, na":ma" | face="Times New Roman Star"nime, ni; no: `which' (*ne-gu) | face="Times New Roman Star"nebe `thing', no: `what' (*ne-gu) | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"m@w|n (metathesis < *ne-me) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuox (*suox < *c?e-gu+ok?) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuok | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u": (*c?e-gu"), c?u"ve (*c?egu"-me) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u":, c?u"me | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ni, na"ma" | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ne, neme | face="Times New Roman Star"The earliest PT form must have contained a unique initial nasal (generally nasals were not allowed word-initially), having yielded specific reflexes in modern languages. See VEWT 352, EDT 774-5, Stachowski 230-231, ÝÑÒß 7, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 356. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"an ending of the 2d person | face="Times New Roman Star"îêîí÷àíèå 2-ãî ë. | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| (Orkh., OUygh.), -g| (Orkh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n | face="Times New Roman Star"-n, -j | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Ìîðôîëîãèÿ 23-26, 28, 32. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ten | face="Times New Roman Star"äåñÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"on (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"on (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"un | face="Times New Roman Star"on (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.n | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on, un | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"on |
| face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"o:^.n | face="Times New Roman Star"vonú | face="Times New Roman Star"uon | face="Times New Roman Star"uon | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"un | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"uon, on | face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"on |
| face="Times New Roman Star"on | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166, VEWT 362, TMN 2, 163, ÝÑÒß 1, 455-456, Ëåêñèêà 573, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 130-131, Stachowski 244. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*on| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 right 2 good, lucky 3 West | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðàâûé 2 áëàãîïðèÿòíûé, ñ÷àñòëèâûé 3 çàïàä | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2, 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"on 1, 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"un| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1 (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.n| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"on| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"úw|n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"un|a 1, 'southern'; un|uor 'on the other bank'; on|or- 'to do, make' | face="Times New Roman Star"on|uor 'on the other bank'; on|or- 'to do, make' | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"un| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166-167, 168-169, VEWT 352, ÝÑÒß 1, 456-460, TMN 2, 165-166, Stachowski 195, 243. ÝÑÒß also adds the verb on|- 'to prosper'; but, according to EDT, in OT this verb has the shape on-, while the form on|- appears later (in Middle Kypchak and Old Osman texts, as well as in a number of modern languages), probably as a result of contamination. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ok | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"arrow | face="Times New Roman Star"ñòðåëà | face="Times New Roman Star"oq (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"oq (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ok | face="Times New Roman Star"uq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"u.q | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"ox| | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"ux | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"og|ú | face="Times New Roman Star"ox |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o'q |
| face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"uq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"oq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"oq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 389, ÝÑÒß 1, 437-438, TMN 2, 153, Ëåêñèêà 577, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 296. Cf. also Turk. *oklagu 'rolling pin' (ÝÑÒß 1, 441-442), Khal. ho.qlag|o_ (derived from ok-la- 'to roll' (R 1 1000, Chag.), a denominative from ok 'wheel axle' in the Oghuz and Qarluq groups). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o:t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fire | face="Times New Roman Star"îãîíü | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot 'flame, fire' (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (Pav. C., Abush., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"u.t | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"od | face="Times New Roman Star"o:t | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"hu:.t | face="Times New Roman Star"vot | face="Times New Roman Star"uot | face="Times New Roman Star"uot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"oht |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 366, EDT 34, ÝÑÒß 1, 483-484, Ëåêñèêà 356, 361, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 133, Stachowski 245. OT ot-c?uq was borrowed in MMong. as oc?aq 'hearth' (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 196). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ot | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"grass | face="Times New Roman Star"òðàâà | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot (AH, Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot, ut | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"udú, vudú (dial.) 'hay' | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"o't |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"ot |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ot | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 34-35, ÝÑÒß 1, 481-483, Ëåêñèêà 119-120, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 294-295, Stachowski 197. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bil/c?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stir up, churn (milk, butter) | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîìåøèâàòü, âçáèâàòü (ìîëîêî, ìàñëî), ïàõòàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pes?- (Ñèá., Òóìàøåâà 180) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"pis?kak 'churn pestle' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pis?ek 'churn pestle', -le- 'to churn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"p@z/er- 'to hit, beat' | face="Times New Roman Star"bis- 'to smear' | face="Times New Roman Star"bis- 'to smear' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- / bis?-; bis?kek 'churn-staff for kumis' | face="Times New Roman Star"pis- | face="Times New Roman Star"piskek 'churn-staff' | face="Times New Roman Star"bes?e- 'to churn; to beat', bes?ka"k 'churn-staff' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pis-; piskek 'a big churn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 309-310, Stachowski 61, Àøì. X, 241-242. In a part of languages the root merges with *bil/c?- "to ripen"; it differs from the latter by its original transitivity and consequent front vocalism. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bil/c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to become boiled, ripe | face="Times New Roman Star"ñâàðèâàòüñÿ, ñîçðåâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bes?-, pes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pys- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pys- | face="Times New Roman Star"pys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis/- | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?-, pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 76, EDT 376-377, ÝÑÒß 2, 161-164. Mong. bis?laq, basilag| 'a k. of home cheese' < Turk. *byl/-lak (Clark 1980, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997, 107). |
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