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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kiam face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 shaman 2 to shamanize, come into movement face="Times New Roman Star"1 øàìàí 2 êàìëàòü, ïðèõîäèòü â äâèæåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamla- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qam (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (AH , IM , Pav. C. ), qamla- 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1, xamna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamda- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jomús/, jumúz/@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xam-na:- (xam-sa:-) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kamna:- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamz|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, TMN 3, 402-406, ÝÑÒß 5, 240-241, Åãîðîâ 348-349, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 486, Stachowski 136. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)amak / *K(i)apak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrow face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîá 2 ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü 3 âåêî 4 áðîâü face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"z qabag|y 3, dial. taw qabag|y 'mountain slope' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1, 2 (Sangl. , Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vo|q 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qawaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'nose bridge' (ßÆÓ ) face="Times New Roman Star"GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face' face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:baG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xamax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xavaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'pitfall' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'precipice' face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'cleft' face="Times New Roman Star"go"z qabag|y 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 161, Ëåêñèêà 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tu"j-, bu"rko"-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tu"j-. The form *Ka:pak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Ka:p 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[a:]p`a/), *Ka:p(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`a:p`a/ ). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Ka:p. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kamyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"scoop, ladle face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðïàê face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qemic? face="Times New Roman Star"xamys face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulg.) xumz?|a (< *kamc?a(h)) face="Times New Roman Star"xamyas, xomuos face="Times New Roman Star"komuos face="Times New Roman Star"xymys? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 626, VEWT 229, ÝÑÒß 5, 248-249, Stachowski 152. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kamyl/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"reed face="Times New Roman Star"òðîñòíèê face="Times New Roman Star"qamus?, qamys? (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamys? (MK , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"kamys? face="Times New Roman Star"qamys? face="Times New Roman Star"qamys? (Qutb , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|mis? face="Times New Roman Star"qomus? face="Times New Roman Star"Gamys? face="Times New Roman Star"Gamys? face="Times New Roman Star"xamys face="Times New Roman Star"qamys? face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|múw|l 'stalk of cereals' face="Times New Roman Star"xamys, xomus face="Times New Roman Star"qamys? face="Times New Roman Star"qamys face="Times New Roman Star"qamys face="Times New Roman Star"qamys? face="Times New Roman Star"qamis? face="Times New Roman Star"qamys face="Times New Roman Star"qamus? face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 249-250, TMN 3, 517. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAmug face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"all, together face="Times New Roman Star"âñå, âìåñòå face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (OUygh.), qamag| (Orkh., OUygh.), qamyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kamu face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (Qutb ., Áóä. ), qamuq (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xamyx face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"xamyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, ÝÑÒß 5, 243-244. Modern forms like Kirgh., Kaz. qama- 'to surround, besiege', qamala- id., 'to gather in a crowd' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 5, 159) should be rather regarded as mongolisms. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 beaver 2 otter face="Times New Roman Star"1 áîáåð 2 âûäðà face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xam-nos, xam c?at (Âåðá. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qamna(g|y) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qamdu 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|ma 'beaver, marten' face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 242, Ëåêñèêà 162, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 145. Also PT *Kam-tur/ 'beaver, otter' (VEWT 228, Ëåêñèêà 162) (*Kam-tur/ may be a compound < *Kama + *utyr/ 'otter' q. v. sub *o/n|du ; Ëåêñèêà ibid., however, suggests rather *Kam-luc?, with a diminutive *-luc?. There is also a variant *Kun-tur/ (with *Kunu 'wolverine'? - see, however, TMN 3, 524, with a suggestion of Turk. < Pers.). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"blood face="Times New Roman Star"êðîâü face="Times New Roman Star"qan (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MA , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"Gan face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n face="Times New Roman Star"xan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qa:n face="Times New Roman Star"jon face="Times New Roman Star"xa:n face="Times New Roman Star"ka:n face="Times New Roman Star"xan face="Times New Roman Star"xan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"Ga(:)n face="Times New Roman Star"qan face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 360-361, EDT 629-630, ÝÑÒß 5, 251, Åãîðîâ 349, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 486, Stachowski 142. Turk. > WMong. qana- 'to let bleed' (KW 166, TMN 3, 361, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 133). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:n- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be satisfied face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü óäîâëåòâîðåííûì face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (MK , KB , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"kan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qan- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gan- face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n- face="Times New Roman Star"xan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"xan- face="Times New Roman Star"kan- face="Times New Roman Star"xan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"qan- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 632, VEWT 230, ÝÑÒß 5, 251-252, Stachowski 136. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)a:(j)nat face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"flap (of door), wall (of yurt) face="Times New Roman Star"ñòâîðêà (äâåðè), ñòåíà (þðòû) face="Times New Roman Star"kanat face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|no|t face="Times New Roman Star"Ganat face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"xanat face="Times New Roman Star"qanat face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 'êàðíèç, çàñòðåõà' face="Times New Roman Star"qanat face="Times New Roman Star"qanat face="Times New Roman Star"qanat face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ëåêñèêà 504, Àøì. XII, 246. The root should be kept distinct from *Ka:jnat 'wing'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:jnat face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wing 2 fin face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûëî 2 ïëàâíèê face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (OUygh.- YB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Abush. , MA ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qano|t 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qejnat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ganad, ga"na"d (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2, qanar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kynat, kyj face="Times New Roman Star"kynat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Kakuk ,ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 137, Ëåêñèêà 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial s/- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.m- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bed-bug 2 beetle face="Times New Roman Star"1 êëîï 2 æóê face="Times New Roman Star"kandalaj 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qandala (Houts. , Áóä. ) 1, qandala (Qum.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qe|nde|lo| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gandala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xandala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qandryjaq 'cochlea' (Âåðá. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|mtla, xúw|mdúw|la, xúw|mgúw|la ? xúw|ngúw|la 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qantala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qandalaj face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qandag|aj 1, qamaz?aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 229, ÝÑÒß 5, 253-254, Ëåêñèêà 183. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 vehicle, cart 2 skis, sleigh face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâîçêà 2 ëûæè, ñàíè face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kag|ny, dial. kanny, kangylly 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (Sangl. , Houts. , AH ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xan|a: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qan|na 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xa: face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ha 2 (ÔèË 91) face="Times New Roman Star"g|an|ly 1 face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 3, 531, EDT 638, ÝÑÒß 5, 259-260, Ëåêñèêà 533. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sack 2 to surround face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåøîê 2 îêðóæàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MA , IM ), qaba- 'to besiege' (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1, dial. qaba- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gab face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p 1, Ga:ba- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xappar 1 (?) face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap/b- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ÝÑÒß 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Ka:puk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to snatch, take 2 to bite face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðàòü, õâàòàòü 2 êóñàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (AH , IM , Pav. C. , Qutb ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)' face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qab- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, EDT 580, ÝÑÒß 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:r face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"snow face="Times New Roman Star"ñíåã face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Orkh., Yenis., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qar (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Sangl. , Qutb ., Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|r face="Times New Roman Star"qar, qaa face="Times New Roman Star"Gar face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:r face="Times New Roman Star"xar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"jor face="Times New Roman Star"xa:r face="Times New Roman Star"ka:r face="Times New Roman Star"xar face="Times New Roman Star"xar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qa:r face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"qar face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 284-285, EDT 641, VEWT 235, Åãîðîâ 350, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 490, Ëåêñèêà 27, Stachowski 142. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kara face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"black face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðíûé face="Times New Roman Star"qara (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qara (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara (MA , IM , Pav. C. , AH , Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re| face="Times New Roman Star"qara, dial. qare face="Times New Roman Star"Gara face="Times New Roman Star"Gara face="Times New Roman Star"Gara face="Times New Roman Star"xara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"xora face="Times New Roman Star"xara face="Times New Roman Star"kara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"Gara face="Times New Roman Star"qara face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235, TMN 3, 426-432, EDT 643-4, ÝÑÒß 5, 286-289, 299-100, Ëåêñèêà 592-593, Stachowski 138, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 362. face="Times New Roman Star"*KArakan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"acacia face="Times New Roman Star"àêàöèÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan[a] (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ro|g|o|n face="Times New Roman Star"GaraGan 'ñîëÿíêà äðåâîâèäíàÿ' face="Times New Roman Star"xarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan face="Times New Roman Star"xarag|an, Todzh. qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qarag|an face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, ÝÑÒß 5, 293-294, TMN 1, 275. Turk. > Mong. qarag|ana, whence again into Turk. (Khak. xarg|ana etc., see ÝÑÒß ibid.). face="Times New Roman Star"*Karak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 eye-ball 2 eye 3 a gentle address ("my dear") face="Times New Roman Star"1 çðà÷îê 2 ãëàç 3 ëàñêîâîå îáðàùåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z karasy 1, Osm. (XV) qaraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq (Pav. C. , Áîð. Áàä. , Sangl. ) 1, (Abush. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|c?iq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qar(i)c?uq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"go"z Garasy 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Garaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2, dial. xarac?y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kos/ xori 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"karak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, dial. qareq 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaras?yq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235-236, TMN 3, 434-436, EDT 652, ÝÑÒß 5, 295-296, Àøì. VII, 36, Ëåêñèêà 210, Stachowski 138. Deriving *Karak from *Kara 'black' (see also TMN 1, 401) is highly dubious both for semantic and morphological reasons; forms like Tur. go"z karasy result from secondary reanalysis. Cf. also the forms *Kara-la- 'to stare' (Az. qarala-, Uygh. qarala-, see ÝÑÒß 5, 289), *Karaj- 'to watch, preserve' (Yak. xaraj-, Dolg. karaj-; Yak. xarys 'care, wariness', Dolg. karysta:- 'to care, beware', see Stachowski 138, 140) - which, in contrast to qara- 'look' ( < Mong.) are unlikely to be borrowed. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.dy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pine tree face="Times New Roman Star"ñîñíà face="Times New Roman Star"xara-xazy face="Times New Roman Star"xyrú face="Times New Roman Star"kytyan 'juniper' face="Times New Roman Star"xady face="Times New Roman Star"xady face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 291-292, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 179. Most languages reflect the compound *Kara-ka.dy (borrowed in Mong. as qarag|ai 'larch'). face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)arba- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to grope (for smth.) 2 to grasp (with hands or teeth) 3 to swim (grope through water with hands and feet) 4 to rake up face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàùóïûâàòü 2 õâàòàòü (ðóêàìè èëè çóáàìè) 3 ïëàâàòü (õâàòàòüñÿ çà âîäó ðóêàìè è íîãàìè) 4 ñãðåáàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qarva- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qarva- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kavra- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarba- (Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gabra- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xarba- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarba- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarba- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xarba:- 2,3,4 face="Times New Roman Star"karba:- 'to row, swim' face="Times New Roman Star"qarban- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 646, VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 302-303, Ìóäðàê 103 (with a wrong attribution of Tuva xyr-). Despite Kal/. MEJ 42, Stachowski 139, forms like Yak. xarba:- are hardly borrowed < Mong. qarma- (on which see under *k`ar/a).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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