Comments:Some evidence from Mong. (Bur. harig) seems to indicate that the root may be just *sara, with the old derivative *sar(a)-p`V reflected in most languages.
Comments:Martin 242, АПиПЯЯ 73, Doerfer MT 82. The root must have denoted a k. of stick used in agriculture, most probably digging stick or hoe, with a later transition to "plough", and in TM, exotically, to "eating stick" or "chopsticks". Mong. sabqa, because of the absent -r-, is most probably < Manchu, whereas the original root is preserved as *sorbi 'stick, staff' (although the -o-vowel here is a bit strange - *sarb- would be expected; perhaps we are actually dealing with a suffixed form like *sorbuji, with a secondary labialization < *sarbuji).
Comments:The comparison seems probable, despite tonal incongruence between TM and Jpn. Ramstedt (SKE 222) compares Manchu forms with Kor. sam 'a speck or mote in the eye' (that may rather belong to *sḗmi q. v.).
Comments:EAS 71, KW 325, Poppe 29, 82 (Turc-Mong.), Murayama 1962, 111, 1978, 277-278, Miller 1981, 852, ОСНЯ 2, 107-108, Ozawa 228-229, АПиПЯЯ 74, 91, 276, Дыбо 14, Martin 234. TM preserves length in a monosyllabic root after loss of the resonant. Mong. cannot be explained as a loanword, despite Щербак 1997, 144.
Comments:A Western isogloss. It is interesting to note the Turkm. form sarGan, which may reflect an old derivative *sār-k`V 'maw, paunch and its products' (reflecting the role played by the maw, ventriculus in the filtering and fermenting process) : cf. PT *sarkɨńuk 'maw, paunch' (EDT 849-850, ЭСТЯ 7), WMong. sarkinaɣ 'ventriculus, second stomach' (L 676; possibly < Turkic); Evk. sargākte 'upper coverage of the stomach'. See also notes to *sark`V.
Comments:EAS 71, Doerfer MT 240, Дыбо 14. Despite Doerfer's (TMN 3, 316) doubts, the root is common Altaic. The Jpn. vowel is quite irregular: perhaps in Jpn. and Kor. we should presuppose a suffixed form *sebV-p- ( > Kor. sipɨ-, PJ *sua-p-, with further suffixation *sua-p-ap-). Cf. also WMong. (L 653) sabla-ldu- 'to show favour, be gracious'.
