Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *(e)nek'- <PIH *H->

Meaning: to reach

Hittite: hink- (altheth. henk-) 'übergeben, überlassen, opfern', hinkuwar (althet. hengur) n. 'Geschenk, Ehrengabe' (Tischler 249)

Old Indian: aśnoti, aor. ānaṭ `to reach, arrive at'; naśati id.; nákṣati `to come near, approach'; áṃśa- m. `share, portion'; náṃśa- m. `acquisition'

Avestan: ašnaoiti `gelangt hin zu etwas, erreicht', nasaiti 'ds.'; asa- `Partei'

Armenian: hasanem, aor. hasi `kommen zu etwas, komme an'

Old Greek: di-ēnekḗs `ununterbrochen, stetig, endgültig, genau', pod-ēnekḗs `bis auf die Füssen breichend', adv. dọ̄r-ēnekés (Hom.) 'a spear's throw off or distance'

Celtic: OIr ro-icc `erreicht', do-icc `kommt', air-icc- `finden', con-icc- `können'; Cymr di-anc `entfliehen', *kom-pr[o]-nko-: OIr comracc, Cymr cyfranc `Zusammentreffen'

Russ. meaning: достигать

References: WP I 128 f

Comments: Cf. *nāk- 'to reach, to come'

Proto-IE: *(e)ner(ǝ)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: lower, bottom; to sink, to shrivel

Tokharian: B ñor 'below, beneath' (Adams 272)

Old Indian: náraka- m. `hell'

Armenian: nerkhin `unterer'

Old Greek: (e)nértero- `unterer', nérthen, énerthe(n), énertha `(von) unten, unterhalb', nei̯ró- 'lowest'; nértos = hiéraks, hoi dè eîdos ornéou Hsch.

Slavic: *nertī, *nьrǭ; *norā́; *nértā, *nerto, *nortъ

Baltic: *ner̂- (*1) vb. tr., *nar-a- c., *ner-i- c., *nir̂- (1) vb. intr.

Germanic: *núr-ɵr-a- n., *narr=

Other Italic: Umbr nertru `sinistru'

Russ. meaning: нижний, низ; погружать(ся), сворачивать(ся), съеживаться

References: WP II 333 f, 699 f (different in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *(e)new^em

Meaning: num.: nine

Tokharian: A, B ñu (PT *ñuw(ä)) 'nine' (Adams 268)

Old Indian: náva `nine'

Avestan: nava

Armenian: inn < *enwn, pl. in(n)unkh

Old Greek: ẹ̄ná-etes, -nükhes hom., boeot. enak-dekátē, usw., hom. ord. ḗnato-, att., aeol. énato- < *ennéwa; *enwa-

Slavic: *devę̄tь

Baltic: *dew-īn-, *new-īn-

Germanic: *niwun

Latin: novem

Celtic: OIr nōi n-, Cymr., Corn. naw, Bret nao

Albanian: nɛndɛ '9'

Russ. meaning: девять

References: WP I 128

Comments: + ord. *noweno-, *nowemo-

Proto-IE: *en-, *on-

Meaning: pron. dem.: that; (an)other

Hittite: anni- 'jener' (Tischler 29-30), eni- 'das betreffende' (Tischler 106-107)

Tokharian: anni- 'jener' (Tischler 29-30), eni- 'das betreffende' (Tischler 106-107)

Old Indian: instr. anéna, anáyā, du. gen., loc. anayoḥ

Avestan: gen. du. anayɔ̄, pl. instr. anāiš

Other Iranian: OPers instr. anā

Armenian: -n Artikel, na 'jener, der dort', no-in 'derselbe dort', a-n-d 'dort', ai-n 'jener'

Old Greek: kẹ̄̂no-, ekẹ̄̂no- 'jener', dor. tē̂no- 'jener', pl. énioi̯ 'einige'

Slavic: *onъ

Baltic: *an-a- adj.

Germanic: *ina-, *jina-, *jaina-

Other Italic: Umbr enom 'tum'

References: WP II 336 f

Proto-IE: *(e)nomen-, <PIH *l- ?>

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: name

Hittite: laman- n. 'Name', lamnija- (I) 'nennen' (Friedrich 126, 127); h.l. at(a)man-, (?) Lyk. adâma(n)

Tokharian: A ñom, B ñem (PT *ñēm) 'name' (Adams 270)

Old Indian: nā́man- n. `name'

Avestan: nąman- 'Name'

Other Iranian: OPers nāma

Armenian: anun `Name'

Old Greek: ónoma, -atos n., aeol., dor. ónüma `Name'

Slavic: *jь̄́mę̄

Baltic: *emnen- m.

Germanic: *naman- n., m., *namn-a- n.; *nōm-ia- vb.

Latin: nōmen, -inis n. `Name, Benennung; Wesen; Begriff (von Einzelwesen und Völkern)

Other Italic: Umbr nome, numem, gen. nomner `Name'

Celtic: OIr ainm n-, pl. anmann `Name'; MCymr, Corn hanow `Name', MBret hanff, hanu, NBret hano `Name'

Albanian: geg. emǝr, tosk. ǝmǝn Name

Russ. meaning: имя

References: WP I 132

Proto-IE: *ent-er-

Meaning: intestines, entrails

Old Greek: pl. éntera n. `Eingeweide, Gedärme'

Slavic: *ję̄tro `печень, pl. внутренности' (ЭССЯ 6)

Germanic: *inɵ-Vr-a- n., -ō f.

Latin: interānea, -ōrum `Eingeweide, Gedärme', interāneum `Mastdarm', pl. interiōra n. `Eingeweide'

Celtic: OIr inathar `Eingeweide'

Russ. meaning: внутренности

References: WP I 126 f

Comments: Derived from *en-ter-, see *en (prep.)

Proto-IE: *epop-, -b- <PIH *H->

Meaning: hoopoe

Hittite: hapupu-, hapupa-, hapupi- c. 'ein Vogel, vielleicht Eule?' (Tischler 167)

Other Iranian: NPers pupu `Wiedehopf'

Armenian: hopop `Wiedehopf'

Old Greek: épop-s, -opos m. `Wiedehopf' {épopos `a k. of bird' Hsch. - wanted!}, épōpa = alektrüóna ágrion Hsch., apaphós = épops Hsch.

Slavic: Pol dial. hupek `Wiedehopf'

Baltic: *pupuk=, *puput=

Germanic: *xupp-a- m., *xupp-an- m., *xupp-ō(n-) f.

Latin: upupa f. `Wiedehopf'

Russ. meaning: птица (удод)

References: WH

Proto-IE: *er- <PIH *-rH->

Meaning: earth, arable land

Hittite: ? irha- 'border', h.l. irha- 'Grenze, meist pl. fines', luw. irhatt- 'série, cercle', Lyk. ere (?) -- cf. #59, Hitt arha- 'Grenze' usw.

Tokharian: ? B yare 'gravel' (Adams 483, without defin. etymology)

Armenian: erkir `Erde' (k nach erkin `Himmel')

Old Greek: érǟ f. `Erde'; érazde `zur Erde'; polǘēro- 'rich in land' Hsch., acc. eresi-mḗtrēn = tḕn geōmetrían Hsch.

Germanic: *írɵ-ō(n-) f., *árɵ-ō f.

Celtic: MIr ert `Erde, Grund'; es-ert `Mann ohne Grundbesitz'; Cymr erw, pl. erwi, erwydd f. `Feld', Corn erw, ereu `Feld', OBret, Mbret eru `Furche', NBret ero `Furche'

Russ. meaning: земля, пахотная почва

References: WP I 142

Proto-IE: *(e)rAs- <PIH *e->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: flow; dew

Hittite: arš- (I) 'fließen'

Old Indian: rása- m. `sap, juice; water, liquor, drink', rasā́ f. `moisture, humidity'

Old Greek: -eráō `giessen' (ap-, eks-, kat-, met-, sün-)

Slavic: *rosā́

Baltic: *ras-ā̂ f.

Latin: rōs, gen. rōris m. `Tau; Tautropfen'

Albanian: reš, rešɛn `es schneit; regnet Asche, Feuer'

Russ. meaning: течь; роса

References: WP I 149 f; Tischler 66

Proto-IE: *(e)regʷ-

Meaning: darkness, twilight

Tokharian: A arkant-, B erkent- 'black' (PT *erkent-) (Adams 95); A orkäm, B ork(a)mo 'darkness, dark' (PT *orkmo) (123)

Old Indian: rájas- n. `sphere of vapour or mist, region of clouds, atmosphere; vapour, mist, clouds, gloom, darkness'

Armenian: erek, erekoy `Abend'

Old Greek: érebos n. `Dunkel der Unterwelt, Totengrund'

Germanic: *rikw-iz-, *rikw-az- n.

Russ. meaning: темнота, сумерки

References: WP II 367

Proto-IE: *(e)reik- (-kh-)

Meaning: to scratch, to cut

Old Indian: rikhati, likháti `to scratch, scrape', rekhā, lékhā f. `scratch, stripe, line'

Old Greek: eréi̯kō, aor. intr. ḗrike (`barst'), tr. erêi̯ksai̯, pf. p. erḗrigmai̯ `zerbrechen, zermalmen, zerreissen, bersten'

Baltic: *reĩk- (-ja-) vb. tr., *raĩk-ī̂- vb.; *rik-a- c., -ā̂ f.

Germanic: *rī́x-ōn-/*rīg-ṓn- f., *rig-ṓ f., *raig-á- m., *ráix-ō f.

Celtic: Cymr rhwygo 'zerreissen'

Russ. meaning: царапать, надрезать

References: WP II 343 f

Proto-IE: *(e)reip-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to crumble, to tear

Old Greek: eréi̯pō, aor. intr. eripêi̯n, tr. erêi̯psai̯, p. ereiphthẹ̄̂s, ēríphthēn, pf. erḗripe, p. erḗrimmai̯ `niederwerfen, niederreissen, niederstürzen, fallen'

Germanic: *rī[f]-a- vb., *rī[f]=; *rai[f]-a- m.

Russ. meaning: рушить, рвать

References: WP II 345 f

Proto-IE: *er(e)-, *rē-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: friable, thin

Old Indian: loc. r̥té m. `with the exclusion of, excepting, without'; árma- m. pl. `ruins, rubbish', armaká- n. id.

Old Greek: erē̂mo- , jungatt. érēmo- `einsam, unbewohnt, verlassen'

Slavic: *orītī; *rēdъkъ(jь), *rēdītī

Baltic: *er̃-t-a- adj.; *er̃d- vb. tr., *er̂-d-ē̂- vb., *er̂-d-a-, *ar̂-d-a- (1) adj., *ar̃-d-ī̂vb., *ar-d-uadj., *ar̂-d-ā̂ f., *ar̂-d-w-a-, *er̂-d-w-a- adj.; *ir̂- (1) vb. intr., *ir̃-d-en-a- adj.; *re-t-a- adj., *re-t-s-w-a- adj.

Latin: rārus, -a `locker, dünn; vereinzelt, selten'

Russ. meaning: рыхлый, редкий

References: WP I 142 f

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