Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *(i)am-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 now 2 recent

Russian meaning: 1 сейчас 2 недавний

Old Turkic: am-tɨ 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: am-dɨ 1 (MK, KB)

Sary-Yughur: am-ɣo, am-dö-ko 2 (ЯЖУ 15)

Khakassian: am 1, am-dɨ-ɣɨ, am-ɣɨ 2

Shor: am, amdɨ 1, amdɨɣɨ 2, am-oq 'at once'

Yakut: anɨ ( < *am-dɨ) 1

Dolgan: anɨ 1

Tuva: am 1, amɣɨ 2, amdɨ̄ (< amdɨɣɨ) 'the same'

Tofalar: am, amdɨ ́, amɣɨ̄ 2

Comments: VEWT 18, 41, EDT 156-157, ЭСТЯ I 357, Stachowski 34, Лексика 83 (with some confusion of *am- and *em- q. v. sub *ìmé).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)anduk ( ~ -nt-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of lynx

Russian meaning: вид хищника

Turkish: andɨk 'вид гиены', Osm. anduq

Middle Turkic: andɨq 'espèce de loup cervier' (Pav. C.)

Comments: VEWT 20, Лексика 159.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)ańɨg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sin, evil

Russian meaning: грех, зло

Old Turkic: ańɨɣ (Orkh., OUygh.), ajɨɣ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ajɨɣ (MK)

Yakut: aj̃ɨ̄

Dolgan: ańɨ̄

Comments: VEWT 20, EDT 182, ЭСТЯ 1, 113, Stachowski 34.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)aŋɨŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: stubble-field

Russian meaning: жнивье, сжатое поле

Karakhanid: aŋɨz (MK)

Middle Turkic: aŋɨz (Sangl.)

Comments: EDT 191-192.

Proto-Turkic: *iāčɨ-g

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bitter, acid

Russian meaning: горький, кислый

Old Turkic: ačɨɣ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ačɨɣ (MK)

Turkish: aǯɨ

Tatar: ačɨ

Middle Turkic: ačɨ (Abush.)

Uzbek: ačči, ɔčči (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: aǯɨ

Turkmen: āǯɨ, āǯɨɣ

Oyrat: aču

Halaj: hāčuɣ, hāčuq

Chuvash: jüźǝ

Yakut: ahɨ̄

Dolgan: ahɨ̄

Tuva: ažɨɣ

Tofalar: aǯɨɣ

Kazakh: aššɨ

Noghai: ašɨ

Bashkir: asɨ

Balkar: ačɨ

Gagauz: aǯi

Karaim: aǯɨ, ačɨ

Karakalpak: aššɨ

Salar: āǯɨ

Kumyk: aččɨ

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 89-93, Егоров 82, Мудрак 115, Stachowski 30. In most languages also attested as a verbal stem *iāčɨ- 'to become bitter, sour'.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āg-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to rise

Russian meaning: подниматься

Old Turkic: aɣ- (Yen., OUygh.), aɣ-tur- (сaus.) (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: aɣ- (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: aɣ-

Turkmen: āɣ- 'to overflow'

Bashkir: awa-la- (of the sun)

Gagauz: ā- 'to vaporize'

Comments: EDT 77, ЭСТЯ 1, 68-70. ЭСТЯ is probably right in distinguishing the roots *(i)āg- (а:ɣ- I) 'to rise' and *iāg- (а:ɣ II) 'to turn over, fall', although the former is only sparsely represented in modern languages, having for the most part dissolved within the reflexes of the latter. In OT the stems aɣ- 'to rise' and aɣna- 'to tumble, roll on one's back' are quite clearly distinct.

Proto-Turkic: *iāg-, *iāg-na-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to roll over, fall over 2 to climb over 3 to tumble 4 to turn over, capsize, let fall

Russian meaning: 1 падать, опрокидываться, свешиваться 2 перелезать 3 валяться, перекатываться 4 ронять, опрокидывать

Old Turkic: aɣna- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aɣna- 3 (MK, KB)

Turkish: aɣ- 1, aɣdɨr- 2, aɣɨn- 3

Tatar: aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3

Middle Turkic: aɣna- 3

Uzbek: ɔɣ- 1, ɔɣna- 3

Uighur: aɣ- 1

Sary-Yughur: aɣɨna- 3 (ЯЖУ 11)

Azerbaidzhan: aɣna- 3

Turkmen: āɣ- 1, 2, āɣ-dar- 4, āɣɨna- 3

Khakassian: aŋ-dar- 4

Shor: aŋ-dar- 4

Oyrat: aŋ-tar- 4, aŋ-da- (<*aŋ-na-) 3

Halaj: hāɣa, hɔ̄ɣa 'back, in the back'

Chuvash: jъʷvan- 1, 4

Yakut: āŋ-na- 3

Tuva: aŋda-r- 4, aŋda-š- 3

Kirghiz: ō- 1, ōna- 3

Kazakh: aw-dar- 4, awna- 3

Noghai: av- 1, av-dar- 4, avna- 3

Bashkir: aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3

Balkar: aw- 1, 2, aw-la- 'to skim', awdar- 4, awna- 3

Karaim: avdar- 4, av-ɣa-la-n- 3

Karakalpak: aw- 1, 2, awdar- 4, awna- 3

Kumyk: av- 1, avdar- 4, av-la-n- 'to turn over, incline', avna- 3

Comments: EDT 86-87, VEWT 7, ЭСТЯ 1, 69-70, 73-76. Forms like aŋ-dar- are not quite clear - caus. from the refl. *iāg-ɨn- ? (but the refl. form is here not *iāg-ɨn- but rather *iāg-na-).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 elder brother; elder uncle; father; grandfather 2 respectful address 3 elder

Russian meaning: 1 старший брат; старший дядя; отец; дедушка 2 почтительное обращение 3 старший

Old Turkic: aqa 1 (OUygh., from I-t half of XIII century, see ДТС)

Turkish: aɣa 1, 2

Tatar: aɣa 1, 2

Middle Turkic: aqa 1 (Oghuz-nama), aɣa 1 (Abush.), aqa (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: ɔɣa 1

Uighur: aɣa 1

Sary-Yughur: aqa 1,2, qɨz aɣa 'тесть' (ЯЖУ 11, 13)

Azerbaidzhan: aɣa 2

Turkmen: āGa 1

Khakassian: aɣa 1 ('father's father')

Shor: aqqa 'father's father'

Oyrat: aqa 1, 2

Halaj: aɣa 2

Yakut: aɣa 1 ('father'), 3

Dolgan: aga 'father'

Tuva: aqɨ 1

Tofalar: aɣa 1

Kirghiz: aɣa 1

Kazakh: aɣa 1, 3

Noghai: aɣa 1, 2

Bashkir: aɣaj 1, 2

Gagauz: aɣa 1, 2

Karaim: aqa 2 (K), aɣa 2, 3 (K, T)

Karakalpak: aɣa 1, 2

Kumyk: aɣa 1, 2

Comments: VEWT 13, ЭСТЯ 1, 70-71, 121-122, Лексика 291, Stachowski 28. Note the expressive gemination of the medial -k- in Tuva and elsewhere.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to cross (a mountain) 2 to surpass

Russian meaning: 1 переходить (через гору) 2 превосходить

Old Turkic: aš- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aš- 1 (MK)

Turkish: aš- 1

Tatar: aš- 2

Middle Turkic: aš- 1, 2

Uzbek: ɔš- 1, 2

Uighur: aš- 1, 2

Sary-Yughur: as- 1

Azerbaidzhan: aš- 1

Turkmen: āš- 1, 2

Khakassian: as- 1, 2

Shor: as- 1, 2

Oyrat: aš- 1, 2

Halaj: āš- 1

Yakut: ās- 1, 2

Dolgan: ās- 'to go by'

Tuva: aš- 1, 2

Kirghiz: aš- 1, 2

Kazakh: as- 1, 2

Bashkir: aš- 2

Gagauz: aš- 'to go beyond the range of vision'

Karaim: aš- 1, 2

Karakalpak: as- 1

Comments: VEWT 30, ЭСТЯ 1, 212-214, EDT 255, Stachowski 41. The OT gerund ašru 'having crossed over, exceeded > very' > Mong. asuru (Clark 1980, 42, Щербак 1997, 102-103).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āra

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 space between 2 on one's way, under way

Russian meaning: 1 промежуток, пространство между 2 в пути, по дороге

Old Turkic: ara 1 Orkh., OUygh.

Karakhanid: ara (MK)

Turkish: ara

Tatar: ara

Middle Turkic: ara (Abush.)

Uzbek: ɔra

Uighur: ara

Sary-Yughur: ara

Azerbaidzhan: ara

Turkmen: āra 1

Khakassian: ara

Shor: ara

Oyrat: ara

Halaj: hāra

Yakut: āra 2

Dolgan: āra-k- 'to go away', ārā- 'not to reach'

Tuva: ara

Kirghiz: ara

Kazakh: ara

Noghai: ara

Bashkir: ara

Balkar: ara

Gagauz: āra

Karaim: ara

Karakalpak: ara

Kumyk: ara

Comments: EDT 196, VEWT 22, TMN 2, 24, ЭСТЯ 1, 162-164, Stachowski 41. Derived is probably *ārɨk 'island; arik, ditch; thicket' id. (VEWT 23, 25, ЭСТЯ 1, 167, 187-188, Лексика 95, 110, Stachowski 37).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)ātag

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sacrifice 2 price, sale 3 engagement, votive 4 gift

Russian meaning: 1 жертвоприношение 2 цена, продажа 3 помолвка, обет 4 подарок

Turkish: adaɣ 1, 3, 4

Azerbaidzhan: adax 3

Turkmen: ādaG 3

Shor: ada 1

Yakut: atɨ̄ 2

Comments: VEWT 5. All the listed forms may be derived from *āta- `to name' ( < *āt `name'), but the specific meanings rather suggest a secondary contamination.

Proto-Turkic: *ič-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to drink

Russian meaning: пить

Old Turkic: ič- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ič- (MK)

Turkish: ič-

Tatar: eč-

Middle Turkic: ič- (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ič-

Uighur: ič-

Sary-Yughur: ɨš-

Azerbaidzhan: ič-

Turkmen: ič-

Khakassian: ǝs-

Shor: iš-, eš- (R., Верб.)

Oyrat: ič-

Halaj: ič-

Chuvash: ǝś-

Yakut: is-

Dolgan: is-

Tuva: iš-

Tofalar: iš-

Kirghiz: ič-

Kazakh: iš-

Noghai: iš-

Bashkir: es-

Balkar: ič-

Gagauz: ič-

Karaim: ič-

Karakalpak: iš-

Salar: īč-

Kumyk: ič-

Comments: VEWT 168, EDT 19, ЭСТЯ 1, 391, Егоров 66, Stachowski 129.

Proto-Turkic: *ič

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 interior of smth. 2 intestines 3 belly

Russian meaning: 1 внутренность 2 кишки 3 живот

Old Turkic: ič (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ičegü 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ič 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: ič 1

Tatar: eč 1

Middle Turkic: ič 1 (Pav. C., Бор. Бад.)

Uighur: ič 1

Sary-Yughur: hiǯigɨ 3

Azerbaidzhan: ič 1

Turkmen: ič 1, ičege 2

Khakassian: isker 1

Halaj: ič 1, ičgär 2

Chuvash: ъš 1

Yakut: is 1

Dolgan: is 1

Tuva: i'žin 3

Tofalar: i'šti 1, 2

Kirghiz: ič 1, ičegi 2

Kazakh: iš 1

Balkar: ič 1

Karakalpak: ši 3

Comments: VEWT 168, EDT 17, 25, ЭСТЯ 1, 388-391, 392-393, Stachowski 128-129.

Proto-Turkic: *ide (/*ede)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: very, of course, emphatic adverb

Russian meaning: очень, усилительное наречие

Old Turkic: idi (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: iδi (KB); iδrig 'anything hard' (MK - Argu)

Tatar: eje

Khakassian: ǝze

Shor: eze

Chuvash: ara

Yakut: iti

Tuva: ide

Kirghiz: iji

Kazakh: ije

Bashkir: eje

Comments: EDT 41, 65, ЭСТЯ 1, 335. Tat., Chuv. ije 'yes', erroneously related here in ЭСТЯ, have different connections, cf. Khak. ja 'yes', Tof. ijen, ijne, MTurk. Xwar., Kypch., Osm. ineŋ, inen (EDT 42); the Kypchak forms above, because of the merger of *-d- and *-j-, can have either origin.

Proto-Turkic: *ijik

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spindle

Russian meaning: веретено

Karakhanid: ik, jik, ijik (MK)

Turkish: iɣ, ij, iji

Middle Turkic: ik (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ik, jik, ǯik

Sary-Yughur: ǯik

Azerbaidzhan: ij

Turkmen: īk

Shor: īk

Oyrat: īk, ijik

Chuvash: jǝge

Kirghiz: ijik

Gagauz: ī

Karakalpak: ijik

Comments: VEWT 170, EDT 99, ЭСТЯ 1, 336-337, Егоров 77. Az., Turk., Gag. have a secondary voicing due to early contraction *-iji- > *-ī-. Turk. > Mong. ig 'spindle' (Щербак 1997, 123); the derivative *ijik-lig (Chag. ikliɣ 'violin', cf. Khak. īk id. (see VEWT 179) > Kalm. ikǝĺǝ (KW 206).

Proto-Turkic: *iler-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be dimly visible

Russian meaning: быть смутно видимым

Karakhanid: iler- (MK)

Oyrat: eles 'silhouette, ghost', eleste- 'be dimly visible'

Comments: EDT 150. The form attested in MK cannot be a mongolism (primarily for semantic reasons); however, Mong. ilere- also cannot be a Turkism, being rather derived from Mong. ile. Modern Turkic forms - Tuva ilere-, Oyr. iler- 'to become visible' are obvious late mongolisms.

Proto-Turkic: *il(i)k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: front, before, East

Russian meaning: перед, впереди, восток

Old Turkic: ilki (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ilk (MK)

Turkish: ilk

Tatar: ĭlĭk

Middle Turkic: ilk (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: ilk

Azerbaidzhan: ilk, ilki

Turkmen: ilki

Halaj: ilgär

Chuvash: ǝlǝk

Yakut: il-in, il-iŋ (ilik 'one who is not yet...')

Dolgan: ilin; ilik 'not yet', iligine 'before'

Tuva: elek

Bashkir: ĭlĭk

Gagauz: jilk

Karaim: ilk

Comments: EDT 140, VEWT 170, ЭСТЯ 1, 347-350, Егоров 62-63, Stachowski 125.

Proto-Turkic: *ilme

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 asp-tree 2 elm-tree

Russian meaning: 1 осина 2 ильм, вяз

Tatar: elmä 2

Chuvash: jǝʷlme 2

Noghai: elmen 1

Balkar: elme 1

Kumyk: elme 2

Comments: VEWT 338, Егоров 78, Федотов 1, 194, Дмитриева 189, Лексика 126. The word is attested late (like many tree names), but borrowing from Russ. ильм is hardly possible; the Russian word, usually considered a Germanism (MHG ilme etc.), may equally well be explained as a Turkism (see Егоров ibid.). The resemblance of PT *ilme and PIE *l̥mo- / *olmo- is interesting, but probably accidental (if the Turkic word indeed goes back to PA *p`i̯ule).

Proto-Turkic: *im-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 public gathering 2 to gather 3 collective work

Russian meaning: 1 народное собрание 2 собирать 3 помочь, общий труд

Old Turkic: imer- 2

Karakhanid: imren (MK) 1

Turkish: imeǯe 3

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 633-634.

Proto-Turkic: *imen

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: oak tree

Russian meaning: дуб

Tatar: imɛn

Uzbek: eman

Turkmen: imen

Oyrat: ermen

Chuvash: joman, NW öman

Comments: VEWT 42, Егоров 348, Лексика 124, Федотов 2, 485. Cf. Mong. iman bor 'a k. of reddish tree (with black bark and round leaves)' (may be a Turkism).