Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *teg[u]

Meaning: to make knots, tie to a hook

Russian meaning: завязывать узлы, привязывать к крюку

Turkic: *düg-

Mongolian: *degeɣe

Tungus-Manchu: *deg-

Comments: A Western isogloss. Turkic -ü- is quite strange here ( < *degü-?), so the Turkic match is somewhat dubious.

Proto-Altaic: *télki

Meaning: decking, duck-boards

Russian meaning: дощатый настил

Turkic: *Tel

Mongolian: *deleg

Tungus-Manchu: *delkē-

Korean: *tɨ̀rkuǝ̀r

Japanese: *(d)íká(n)ta

Comments: Jpn. and Kor. may reflect a common derivative *télki-rV (although the source of -u- in the second syllable in Korean is not quite clear). Most languages point to the original meaning 'board covering', probably 'duck-boards in a boat or raft' (with a secondary development > 'plank covering in a sleigh' in Turkic.

Proto-Altaic: *telV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to split, strike

Russian meaning: расщеплять, разбивать

Turkic: *del-

Mongolian: *dele-

Tungus-Manchu: *del-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *teĺV ?

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: female

Russian meaning: самка

Turkic: *diĺi

Tungus-Manchu: *delku-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss; dubious because of very scarce attestation in TM.

Proto-Altaic: *tĕ́mo

Meaning: to drip, soak

Russian meaning: капать, мокнуть

Turkic: *dam

Korean: *tằm-

Japanese: *támár-

Comments: In Turkic one would rather expect *dạm: perhaps the variants *dam and *dɨm reflect original *dạm with later interdialectal borrowings.

Proto-Altaic: *tèmò ( ~ -a)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: root; strength, soul

Russian meaning: корень; сила, душа

Turkic: *dạmor

Mongolian: *daŋ-gi ( < *dam-gi)

Japanese: *tàmà

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 285, Лексика 264-265. Mong. tamir 'sinew; strength, force' is borrowed from Turkic (to judge from its phonology; see Щербак 1997, 153); but the comparison with daŋgi 'root' may be accepted only if one assumes a secondary assimilation *dam-gi > daŋgi.

Proto-Altaic: *téŋgu

Meaning: axle, spindle

Russian meaning: ось, веретено

Turkic: *deŋgil

Korean: *thòŋ

Comments: A Turk.-Kor. isogloss; Mong. teŋkeleg 'axle' is probably < Turkic. Kor. *thòŋ < *tòŋh.

Proto-Altaic: *tĕ́p`é

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to wave, flap; fly

Russian meaning: махать; летать

Turkic: *depre-

Mongolian: *debi-

Tungus-Manchu: *dep(-si)- / *dapsi-

Japanese: *tǝ́mp-

Comments: KW 90, Poppe 23, 45, Ozawa 247-248, Miller 1985, 150, 1985a, 82, ОСНЯ 1, 217-218, АПиПЯЯ 110, 275. Borrowing in TM from Mong. (Doerfer MT 117) is hardly acceptable.

Proto-Altaic: *tĕ́re ( ~ -o)

Meaning: phlegm, secretion

Russian meaning: слизь, выделения

Turkic: *dẹr

Tungus-Manchu: *derbe-

Japanese: *dǝ́ntá-ri, -rai

Comments: The TM and Jpn. forms may be alternatively compared with PT *jạr 'saliva' (see ЭСТЯ 4, 134).

Proto-Altaic: *tert`a

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to pull

Russian meaning: тянуть

Turkic: *dart-

Mongolian: *tata-

Tungus-Manchu: *derde-

Comments: EAS 123, KW 384. A Western isogloss. Mong. cannot be < Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 154, and the Turk.-Mong. match cannot be rejected on phonetic grounds, despite Doerfer TMN 2, 437. However, in this case we must suppose a secondary assimilation in Mong.: tata- < *data-.

Proto-Altaic: *tèt`o ( ~ -a, -u)

Meaning: swamp, water pool

Russian meaning: болото, пруд

Turkic: *TAdgun

Tungus-Manchu: *detu

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *tḗ

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to say, sound

Russian meaning: говорить, звучать

Turkic: *dē-

Mongolian: *dawu-

Tungus-Manchu: *de(b)-

Comments: A Western isogloss. One of several monosyllabic verbal roots.

Proto-Altaic: *tḗla

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to become loose, faint, tire

Russian meaning: расслабляться, уставать

Turkic: *dāl-

Tungus-Manchu: *del(u)-

Korean: *tarh-

Japanese: *tar(a)-

Comments: A good common Altaic verbal root.

Proto-Altaic: *tēlo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wild, mad, dumb

Russian meaning: дикий, безумный, глупый

Turkic: *dẹ̄l(b)ü-

Tungus-Manchu: *dele-

Comments: Дыбо 12. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *tḗma

Meaning: in vain, (scarcely) sufficient

Russian meaning: напрасный, (едва) достаточный

Turkic: *dēmin

Mongolian: *demej, *dömü-

Tungus-Manchu: *dem-

Korean: *tāmắi-n

Japanese: *támá

Comments: Martin 240 (Kor.-Jpn.), ТМС 1, 234.

Proto-Altaic: *tḕrì

Meaning: surface, skin; color

Russian meaning: поверхность, кожа; цвет

Turkic: *dẹri

Mongolian: *čiraj

Tungus-Manchu: *dēre

Japanese: *(d)ìrǝ̀

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 284, Лексика 383.

Proto-Altaic: *tēru ( ~ č-)

Meaning: to gather, collect

Russian meaning: собирать

Turkic: *dēr-

Mongolian: *dar-ta-

Japanese: *tùtuàp-

Comments: Low tone in Jpn. is irregular (but see above on dialectal reflexes of *tútúap-).

Proto-Altaic: *tḕtu

Meaning: respect, care

Russian meaning: уважение, забота

Turkic: *det-

Mongolian: *čida-

Tungus-Manchu: *dēdu-

Japanese: *tùtù-

Comments: Tungus-Manchu has -d- as a result of regular assimilation after *d- (cf. *tū́ti and *dē-du- 'lie' < *dē-tV).

Proto-Altaic: *tilV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: tongue; voice

Russian meaning: язык; голос

Turkic: *dɨl / *dil

Tungus-Manchu: *dilga-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 284, Мудрак Дисс. 38, 70, Лексика 228. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *tire

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to sink, enter

Russian meaning: погружаться, входить

Turkic: *deriŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *diri-

Korean: *tɨ́r-

Japanese: *(d)ír-

Comments: Martin 231. High tone in Kor. is quite exceptional for a verb root and irregular.