Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯oŋe

Meaning: red, blood-red

Russian meaning: красный, кроваво-красный

Mongolian: *min-či- / *men-te- (?)

Tungus-Manchu: *muŋsi

Japanese: *mǝmi ( ~ -ua-)

Comments: Since the Mong. reflex is somewhat dubious, basically a Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ore

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to hurt, damage, wound

Russian meaning: вредить, ранить

Turkic: *bert-

Mongolian: *mer

Tungus-Manchu: *mur-dul-

Japanese: *miar- ( ~ *mair-)

Comments: The Jpn. parallel is not quite certain, both semantically and phonetically; if it really belongs here it might demand a reconstruction *mi̯ojre.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯óre ( ~ -ŕ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to long, show affection

Russian meaning: стремиться, чувствовать влечение

Mongolian: *mereji-

Tungus-Manchu: *mur-

Japanese: *mútú-m-

Comments: One of the common Altaic verbs of emotion.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯óri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: road, track; to follow

Russian meaning: дорога, след; преследовать

Turkic: *bar-

Mongolian: *mör

Korean: *mōr-

Japanese: *mítí

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 89, 277.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ót`i

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: joint

Russian meaning: сустав

Mongolian: *möči

Korean: *mằtằi

Comments: A Mong.-Kor. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ot`ì ( ~ -u-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: land

Russian meaning: земля, суша

Korean: *mut

Japanese: *mita ( ~ -u-)

Comments: A Kor.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯údu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dragon

Russian meaning: дракон

Tungus-Manchu: *muduri

Korean: *mìrɨ́

Japanese: *múi ( ~ *mǝ́i)

Comments: Whitman 1985, 61, 239 (Kor.-Jpn.); see also the discussion in Miller 2000. An interesting Eastern isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯úkč`[à]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of hammer

Russian meaning: вид молотка

Tungus-Manchu: *mukča

Korean: *màčhí

Japanese: *mútì

Comments: An Eastern isogloss. Cf. perhaps also Turk. *bɨčkak 'knife' (if re-analysed semantically on analogy with *bɨč- 'cut'). The vowel reflex in Jpn. points to a variant *mi̯ukč`o (or mi̯ukč`u).

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯uktu ( ~ -i)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: stump, horn foundation

Russian meaning: пень, основание рогов

Mongolian: *mugǯi-

Tungus-Manchu: *mugde-ke

Korean: *mìth

Comments: The old deriving stem is perhaps preserved in Mong. muqur, moɣutur 'blunt, hornless', MMong. muɣular id., Khalkha moxo-, Kalm. muxǝ- 'to make blunt' etc. (whence numerous TM forms, see ТМС 1, 552-553). Some of them (especially suffixless forms or forms with -l-, like Evk. muku- 'to become blunt', Sol. moxō 'blunt', Evn. muk- 'to chop off') may actually be genuine, see Poppe 55. In Mong. cf. also the fronted variant mökü 'blunt' (KW 265).

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯uĺi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ignorant

Russian meaning: глупый, неумелый

Mongolian: *mulgu-

Tungus-Manchu: *mul-(di-)

Korean: *mòrắ-

Japanese: *misu-

Comments: Jpn. -s- (even in the absence of Turkic forms) points to PA *-ĺ- here.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ùní ( ~ -o-)

Meaning: a k. of skin or cloth

Russian meaning: вид шкуры или одежды

Tungus-Manchu: *mune-

Japanese: *mìnǝ́

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss. Cf. perhaps MMong. (HY) minda-sun, WMong. mindasu(n), Khalkha ḿandas 'floss-silk, silk thread'.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯uŋo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: suffering

Russian meaning: мучение

Turkic: *buŋ

Mongolian: *muŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *miŋnī- ( ~ -ü-)

Japanese: *munkua-

Comments: Владимирцов 350, Poppe 71. Mong. may be < Turk. The root seems to be different from *mùne q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯urgu

Meaning: wheat

Russian meaning: пшеница

Tungus-Manchu: *murgi

Korean: *mírh

Japanese: *mùnkí

Comments: Martin 251, АПиПЯЯ 69. An Eastern isogloss; but cf. also Turk. *bogu- ( < *borgu- ?) in *bogu-daj > *bugdaj (ЭСТЯ 2, 232-234, Лексика 461, Chuv. pъʷri 'полба'; borrowed in Mong. buɣudaj, see Щербак 1997, 110, Hung. búza 'wheat', see MNTESz 398; not < Chin., despite Joki 1963, 106, Menges 1984, 285), *boguŕ 'хлеб в зерне', *bogur-sak > Mong. Kh. bōrcog 'вид печенья'. Cf. also Bur. murā 'flour'.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯uŕu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to press, damage

Russian meaning: давить, вредить

Turkic: *buŕ- / *boŕ-

Tungus-Manchu: *muru-

Korean: *mīr-

Comments: See also notes to *bùro.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯usi

Meaning: a k. of flour

Russian meaning: вид муки

Mongolian: *musi

Tungus-Manchu: *musi

Korean: *mìsí

Japanese: *mìsǝ́

Comments: Kor. and Jpn. have a tone mismatch, so borrowing is not excluded; a borrowing in Mong. < Man. or vice versa is also possible (see Rozycki 160, proposing Mong. > Manchu).

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯úsu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to bind, strand

Russian meaning: связывать, скручивать

Mongolian: *musgi-

Korean: *mɨsk-

Japanese: *músú(m)p-

Comments: Martin 227. ? Cf. Man. maselaqu 'loops, trap' (ТМС 1, 533).

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯usu ( ~ -a, *mi̯osi)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to smile

Russian meaning: улыбаться

Mongolian: *misije-

Tungus-Manchu: *musim-

Comments: ТМС 1, 561. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *m[i̯u]ti

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to know, believe

Russian meaning: знать, верить

Turkic: *büt-

Mongolian: *mede-

Tungus-Manchu: *mute-

Korean: *mìt-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 15, 294. See SKE 149, EAS 149. Mong. *mede- is perhaps < *möde- with secondary delabialization.

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ū̀jre

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: shoulder

Russian meaning: плечо

Mongolian: *mörü

Tungus-Manchu: *mǖre

Korean: *mǝ̄i-

Japanese: *mǝ̀t-

Comments: Poppe 35, ТМС 1, 538, SKE 145, Колесникова 1972а, 91-92, АПиПЯЯ 291, Дыбо 308, Rozycki 156. The cluster *-jr- accounts for Kor. -i- (but note that in TM it may be perhaps reconstructed directly: a reconstruction *mūjre is also possible).

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ūko

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: snake

Russian meaning: змея

Turkic: *böke

Mongolian: *mogaji

Tungus-Manchu: *mǖkǖ

Korean: *mǝk-

Japanese: *múkátai ( ~ -tia)

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 36, 293, Лексика 180. The Mong.-Tung. match is precise; other reflexes present bigger or lesser problems, possibly of tabooistic nature. PJ has irregular tone (but cf. the accentuation in Kyoto, pointing to *mùká-); in PT one would rather expect a back vowel; the Kor. word is analysed as "ink-snake" (which is probably a folk-etymology).