Comments:АПиПЯЯ 53-54, 290; Ozawa 82-84. The cluster *-jŋ- explains the somewhat irregular behaviour of -ŋ-. The meaning 'rheumatism' in Turkic is a usual development < *'cold'.
Comments:The Turk.-Mong. comparison see in VEWT 251 (but Manchu kemin is undoubtedly < Mong., see Rozycki 137). АПиПЯЯ 281, Дыбо 315, 262, Лексика 262. On a possible Jpn. reflex see under *k`ep`orV.
Proto-Altaic:*k`i̯omo(lV)
Meaning:a k. of fragrant and edible plant
Russian meaning:вид пахучего и съедобного растения
Comments:The Turkic word is frequently regarded as a borrowing, either from a Germanic source (EDT 628), or from an Iranian (Ossetic) source (Аб., ЭСТЯ). The Iranian derivation of Osset. xumälläg 'hop', however, raises some phonetic and morphological problems; on the other hand, there are no doubts that the Turkic (Bulgarian) word was borrowed into Mari umla, Hung. komló and Slav. xъmelь (see Егоров 192, ЭСТЯ ibid.). The ultimate Turkic source of other late European names of 'hop' is therefore also not excluded.
Comments:Phonetically the Mong., TM and Jpn. form are well compatible; but it is always difficult to deal with Japanese botanical names because of a drastic difference in nature environment between Japan and the continent.
Comments:Cf. *k`i̯ùčù. For the Turkic word Helimski 1995 proposed a Sam. etymology ( < PS *käsa 'bark'), which cannot be excluded; in that case the Turkic form should be removed from the comparison. {ND 950 proposes Turk. *Kas : TM *kesi- 'remove scales', *kesi-kte 'fish scales' which would change PA to *kesu-.}
Comments:A Western isogloss. In Turkic one would expect a closed *ẹ̄, but in fact Chuv. katmak points to an open vowel. This may be due to a natural contamination of this root with the reflex of PA *ki̯ā́tu 'sharp tool, notch' q. v.
