face="Times New Roman Star"bug|ur 2, dial. bug|u 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|u 1, bug|ra, bug|ur 2 (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|u 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|u 1, (dial.) bug|ra, bog|ra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"pyrg|a 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|ur 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|ra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bura 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bu:r 'male reindeer, male'
face="Times New Roman Star"bu:r 'male reindeer'
face="Times New Roman Star"bu:ra 2, bu:r 'male elk'
face="Times New Roman Star"bu:ra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bura 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bora 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bu: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"buwra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 317-318, ÝÑÒß 2, 235-238, Ëåêñèêà 152, Ëåêñèêà 446-447, Stachowski 67. Turk. bugura > Mong. bug|ura (see TMN 2, 296, Ùåðáàê 1997, 110). Ùåðáàê 1997, 201 considers Turkic *bugu to be borrowed from Mongolian bug|u 'male deer' (which may be true for some Kypchak forms: Kirgh. bug|u, Kaz. bu>g|y, Nogh., KKalp. bug|y), but in fact one can also think of a loan in the opposite direction: Turk. > Mong. bug|u (KW 58, MGCD 166), further > Evk. bug|u etc., see Doerfer MT 78. Turk. > Russ. Siber. bura/ 'female camel'; Mong. (Bur.) bu:ra > Russ. Siber. bu/ra id., see Àíèêèí 142.
face="Times New Roman Star"a stone pillar erected on a grave
face="Times New Roman Star"êàìåííàÿ êîëîííà íà ìîãèëå, èñòóêàí
face="Times New Roman Star"balbal (Orkh., Yen.)
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 333. Borrowed (possibly from an unattested Bulgar source) in Old Russ. bolvanú, Hung. ba/lva/ny 'stone idol' (suggestion of Melioranski, evidently preferable to the hypothesis of Korsch-Dmitriev < Pers. pahlava:n, see Øèïîâà 84-85, Àíèêèí 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 nail, peg 2 corner 3 penis 4 fir
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãâîçäü, êîëûøåê, ÷åêà 2 óãîë 3 penis 4 õâîéíîå äåðåâî
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/iv 2 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(c?iz?| 1 MK - a miswriting instead *c?iv?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"j 'wedge, cotter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"a" 3 (R, by animals), c?iva" 'space between legs above the knees', c?ivila"n 'back saddlegirth' (fixed with a wooden peg)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iis? 'wedge'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"so"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j, c?u"w, (K) c?ivij 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, 121, EDT 393-394, 396, Ëåêñèêà 125, 398. Because of well known semantic correlations of the type 'penis': 'thorn': 'fir (needle)' it is tempting to compare also the name of the fir-tree: Tat. dial. (ÊÑÒÒ) c?ivi, cyvy, Khak. syby, Shor s?u"be, Oyr. c?ibi (Tuba c?yby), Tuva s?ivi, Tof. s?ibi. However, the intermediate form meaning 'thorn' is not attested, and the medial consonant here is rather *-p- (unless we suppose interdialectal loans), so it may be unrelated.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118-119. Note however that most of the forms listed in VEWT actually reflect PT *c?opur (v. sub *s?op`e/), so the root *c?ubar appears to be very late and local.
face="Times New Roman Star"sug|a, sag|a (Anatri), polú sog|alú (Viryal) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"hag|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 807-808, ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 220-222, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 68, Àøì. IX, 279, XI, 216. There is some confusion between this root and *san|ak (v. sub *sen|a). Turk. > WMong. sag|ag|, Kalm. sag|@g (KW 308). PT *sakkal 'beard' (full list of reflexes see in ÝÑÒß 7) is a probable derivative ( > MMong. (SH) sag|al, WMong. saqal, Kalm. sax@l, KW 308; > Hung. szaka/l, see Gombocz 1912; Mong. > Evk. sakal etc., see Doerfer MT 100).
face="Times New Roman Star"eksi-, eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eksu"- 1 (Abush.), o"ksu"-, o"ksu"l- 1 (Pav. C.), o"ksu"k 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gsu"- 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"skik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"egis-, egsil- 1, egsik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"iks@l- 1, j@ksek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksu"- 1, o"ksu"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jisil- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 257-258, Åãîðîâ 77, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 199; EDT 106, 117. The Chuv. Anlaut is not quite clear (iks@l- < *j@ks@l-?; one of the cases with prothetic j-, so the openness / closedness of the vowel in PT remains unknown); Ôåäîòîâ 1, 193 derives Chuv. j@ksik from PT *jek (v. sub *l/a:\k`e\), but this is phonetically impossible.
face="Times New Roman Star"kelegu" 'al-yarbu:' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen(g)i, geleni, dial. gelenki
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen|u" (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelemis?, keler, keles
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 249, EDT 718, ÝÑÒß 5, 31, Ëåêñèêà 181. The root is not widely attested (although mentioned by MK), and may become confused with the root for 'lizard'; in Turkic dialects folk-etymologically influenced by gelin 'bride' (cf. also gelincek 'weasel', see Öèâüÿí 1979), which would explain voiced g- (irregular in the Altaic perspective).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 121-122, VEWT 39, TMN 2, 194, ÝÑÒß 1, 339-343, Åãîðîâ 352, Ëåêñèêà 316. The meaning "peace" attested in MK is probably the most archaic (cf. the external parallels; typologically cf. also Slavic *mirú 'peace' > 'world'), suggesting a development *'peace' > 'peaceful people, realm, country'.
face="Times New Roman Star"i:deg 'keeping' ('ïðèñìîòð'), et-
face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"at-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36-37, ÝÑÒß 1, 312-313, Äûáî Äèññ. 56, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 67. Shortness in Turkm. et- is no doubt secondary: cf. the derivative i:deg, and also regular intervocalic voicing -t- > -d- in all Oghuz languages (pointing to original length), see EDT ibid.