Enrico 2005: 1305, 1888. A ʡáy-.it, ʡáy-it, ʡay-íːt.
Common Haida notes:
A compound of two bound morphemes: qay- 'to burn (vel sim.)' + χiːt / χata 'wood (vel sim.)'. The first element is compared by Enrico with PA *qʼan 'burn', Eyak qʼa 'burn', Tlingit gaan 'burn'.
Number:3
Word:bark
South Haida (Skidegate):qʼal1
Enrico 2005: 1495, 1892.
North Haida (Masset):qʼal1
Enrico 2005: 1495, 1892. A qʼál.
Common Haida notes:
Polysemy: 'skin / pelt / outer bark or skin of plants and fruits / outside surface of a hard object / surface of waves'. Out of many specific terms with the meaning 'bark' this is the word that seems to be the more universally used. Same word as 'skin' q.v.
Number:4
Word:belly
South Haida (Skidegate):tal1
Enrico 2005: 30, 1896.
North Haida (Masset):tal1
Enrico 2005: 30, 1896. A tál.
Common Haida notes:
Polysemy: 'mammalian abdomen / belly / stomach (internal organ)'. Distinct from S & M qʰay, A qʰáy 'belly of fish (from gills to anus)' [Enrico 2005: 1425, 1896]. Cf. M qʰan-ku 'from the belly, at the belly (of fish)' from S & M qʰan, A qʰán 'front of body; the part of a tree facing the water (having the thickest bark and most limbs)' [Enrico 2005: 1408, 1896]. Haida qʰan is compared by [Enrico 2005: 30] with PA *kyaan, *kyAn 'belly, base'.
Number:5
Word:big
South Haida (Skidegate):ʔyuː-ʔaːn1
Enrico 2005: 1616, 1664, 1897. Complex verbal stem 'to be big', formed with the classifier ʔyuː 'big' (not intrinsically small objects like buttons, berries; not persons; otherwise, 3-dimensional extended objects: cloud, house, box, dog, etc.; infinitival clauses are also possible subjects) + the verb cl=ʔaːn 'to be of classifier size'.
North Haida (Masset):ʔiw-ʔwaːn ~ ʔiw-.aːn1
Enrico 2005: 1665, 1897. A ʔíw-ʔwaːn.Complex verbal stem 'to be big', formed with the classifier ʔiw 'big' (the subject must extend in two or three dimensions, except for persons: thus hands, ears, houses, boats, gardens, blankets, animals, but not sticks, ropes, roads, fingers, etc. Inherently small objects like buttons or berries are also excluded. But if one is focusing on width or diameter, then objects classed as 1-dimensional can occur) + the verb cl=ʔaːn 'to be of classifier size'.
Common Haida notes:
Apparently S ʔyuː and M & A ʔiw are cognates.
Number:6
Word:bird
South Haida (Skidegate):χitʔiːt1
Enrico 2005: 1600, 1897.
North Haida (Masset):ħitʔiːt ~ ħitʼiːt1
Enrico 2005: 1600, 1897. A ħitʼíːt.
Common Haida notes:
Morphologically unclear.
Number:7
Word:bite
South Haida (Skidegate):qʼu1
Enrico 2005: 1536, 1898.
North Haida (Masset):qʼu ~ qʼut1
Enrico 2005: 1536, 1898. A qʼu.
Common Haida notes:
Polysemy: 'biting / chewing / eating / gripping with a beak or a jaw-like tool'. This seems to be the main root with the meaning 'to bite' (said of both humans and animals). Cf. also S xit, M & A .it 'to pinch, bite, pull hair' (obj.: person, animal or body part) [Enrico 2005: 1182, 1898]. Enrico compares Haida qʼu with some Na-Dene forms: Ahtena qʼon 'crunch, gnaw', Koyukon qʼusg 'chew', qʼuʔ 'grind', Eyak qʼAtsʼ 'bite', qʼeʔs 'be jammed in'.
Number:8
Word:black
South Haida (Skidegate):ɬqaɬ1
Enrico 2005: 792, 1898.
North Haida (Masset):ɬʡaɬ1
Enrico 2005: 792, 1898. A ɬʡaɬ.
Common Haida notes:
Polysemy: '(to be) dark / (to be) black'. A second stem, S χasaː, M ħasaː, A ħasáː 'to be dark / black' [Enrico 2005: 1559, 1898] has limited compatibility and cannot be considered the main word for 'black' (χasaː is a denominative formation from the incorporated noun χas 'rain cloud'). Enrico compares Haida ɬqaɬ with the following Na-Dene forms: PA *hl-Ghetlʼ 'become dark', Eyak hl-Xeʔtlʼ 'get dark', Tlingit dzi-Giid 'dark'.
Number:9
Word:blood
South Haida (Skidegate):qay1
Enrico 2005: 1303, 1899.
North Haida (Masset):ʡay1
Enrico 2005: 1303, 1899. A ʡáy.
Common Haida notes:
Polysemy: 'blood / kidney of salmonid'.
Number:10
Word:bone
South Haida (Skidegate):skʰuci1
Enrico 2005: 528, 1901.
North Haida (Masset):skʰuc1
Enrico 2005: 528, 1901. A skʰuc.
Number:11
Word:breast
South Haida (Skidegate):qʰan skʰuci1
Enrico 2005: 529, 1913.
North Haida (Masset):qʰan skʰuc1
Enrico 2005: 529, 1913. A qʰán skʰuc.
Common Haida notes:
Polysemy: 'human chest / human torso'. From qʰan 'front of body' + skʰuci 'bone'. Browsing through the dictionary suggests that the meaning 'breast' can also be expressed by the simple stem S qʰan, qʰana, M qʰan, A qʰán [Enrico 2005: 1408]. Cf. a different word for 'female breast': ƛʼln-ʔu, M ƛʼan-.u, ƛʼan-ʔu, A ƛʼán-ʔu 'breast / teat / udder / milk', from ƛʼin 'to suck (milk)' [Enrico 2005: 708, 1904].
Number:12
Word:burn tr.
South Haida (Skidegate):qu1
Enrico 2005: 1355, 1906. Patient = food, house, forest, etc. Contrary to M, in S the simple verb is not applicable to fire. For 'fire' a complex verbal stem qu-χakaŋ is used [Enrico 2005: 1568] (the suffix -χakaŋ normally forms iterative or distributive stems [Enrico 2005: 1567]).
North Haida (Masset):ʡu1
Enrico 2005: 1355, 1906. A ʡu. Patient = food, house, forest, fire, clothing, hair, person, lamp and by extension electric power (meaning 'be on'), etc.
Common Haida notes:
The stem is used for both tr. and intr. 'to burn'.
Number:13
Word:claw(nail)
South Haida (Skidegate):sƛʼl-kʼun1
Enrico 2005: 483, 1132, 2009.
North Haida (Masset):sƛʼa-kʼun1
Enrico 2005: 483, 1132, 2009. A sƛʼa-kʼún.
Common Haida notes:
Polysemy: 'fingernail / claw'. The semantics of the first element is hardly possible to establish, but kʼun seems to be the original root morpheme here, whereas sƛʼl could be a fossilized classifier. The synchronic meaning of the basic classifier S sƛʼl, M & A sƛʼa is 'fragment or scrap of wood or pitch or dried fish fillet' [Enrico 2005: 483].
Number:14
Word:cloud
South Haida (Skidegate):yaːn1
Enrico 2005: 1757, 1917.
North Haida (Masset):yaːn1
Enrico 2005: 1757, 1917. A yáːn.
Number:15
Word:cold
South Haida (Skidegate):tʰat1
Enrico 2005: 109, 1773, 1918.
North Haida (Masset):tʰat-a1
Enrico 2005: 110, 1773, 1918. The exact Alaskan term is unknown.
Common Haida notes:
Verbal root: 'to be cold'. Cf. also S & M kʼaw 'to be ice-cold; be very cold' [Enrico 2005: 1109].
Number:16
Word:come
South Haida (Skidegate):qʰaː1
Enrico 2005: 1433, 1919.
North Haida (Masset):qʰaː1
Enrico 2005: 1433, 1919. The basic term in Alaskan is unknown.
Common Haida notes:
Same word as 'go' q.v. Cf. also S cl=qwiː, M cl=wiː, A cl=wíː, cl=ʔwíː 'to fall through the air; move in direction; walk in direction; come, go in direction' [Enrico 2005: 1231].
Number:17
Word:die
South Haida (Skidegate):kʼut-ʔuɬ1
Enrico 2005: 1130, 1933.
North Haida (Masset):kʼutʼaɬ1
Enrico 2005: 1130, 1933. The basic term in Alaskan is unknown.
Common Haida notes:
It is problematic to determine the basic verb for 'to die' on the basis of [Enrico 2005]. In S & M it is probably S kʼut-ʔuɬ, M kʼutʼaɬ 'to die / to become paralyzed / to become unconscious, lose consciousness / to faint' [Enrico 2005: 1130, 1933] (cf. esp. Enrico's comm. on the polite and archaic stem S tʰayqa, M tʰiː.a, A tíː.a 'to die' [Enrico 2005: 119]). The semantics of both elements of kʼut-ʔuɬ is unclear. The second candidate is S & M qʼuːtaː, A qʼúːtaː from S qʼuːta, M qʼuːt, A qʼúːt 'corpse' [Enrico 2005: 1547, 1933]. A third, even less probable, candidate could be S ʔancʼi, M ʔancʼa, A ʔáncʼa [Enrico 2005: 1933]. Other verbs from [Enrico 2005: 1933] are metaphorical or "polite" forms. Tentatively, we fill the S & M slots by kʼut-ʔuɬ, kʼutʼaɬ.
Number:18
Word:dog
South Haida (Skidegate):χa1
Enrico 2005: 1550, 1937.
North Haida (Masset):ħa1
Enrico 2005: 1550, 1937. A ħa.
Number:19
Word:drink
South Haida (Skidegate):niːɬ1
Enrico 2005: 232, 1938.
North Haida (Masset):niːɬ1
Enrico 2005: 232, 1938. A níːɬ.
Number:20
Word:dry
South Haida (Skidegate):kʼaː-kaː1
Enrico 2005: 1110, 1939. It seems that the most neutral word for 'dry (adj.), to be dry' in Skidegate is kʼaː-kaː from the root kʼaː.
North Haida (Masset):xil-a2
Enrico 2005: 1203, 1939. Adjectival and verbal usage: 'dry / to be dry'. The word is characteristic of modern Masset (the archaic M word for 'dry' is kʼaː-kaː a cognate of S kʼaː-kaː). The basic term in A is unknown.
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