Number: 8
Proto: *alka
English meaning: end (front or back), beginning; to begin
German meaning: (vorderes od. hinteres) Ende, Anfang; anfangen, beginnen
Finnish: alka- 'anfangen, beginnen', alku 'Anfang, Beginn'
Estonian: alga- 'anfangen, begründen', alg (gen. alu) 'Anfang'
Saam (Lapp): aĺge- lg- 'begin to, set to work upon' (N), aĺkē- (L), āilke- (Kld.), ailke- (A) 'anfangen', aĺgo -lg- 'beginning, origin' (N), aĺkō (L), ālk (T), alk (Not. A) 'Anfang' [possibly < Finn.; here perhaps *vōlkē- 'go away'?]
Khanty (Ostyak): alǝŋ (V) 'Anfang; Ende', otǝŋ (DN) 'Ende, Endstück', alǝŋ (O) 'vorderes od. hinteres Ende' ( > Mans. ā̊liŋ), ulǝŋt- (V), otǝŋt- (DN), ɔлǝŋt- (Kaz.) 'anfangen, beginnen'
Mansi (Vogul): awǝ.l (TJ), owl (KU), ōl (P), ɔ̄wl (So.) 'Anfang; Ende'
Enets (Yen): oðo 'früher, vorher', oðoti (Ch.), orete (B) 'der vorderste, der erste'
Selkup: ol (Ta.) 'das Obere, Wipfel', (Ty.) 'Kopf', ōli̮ (Tur.) id., ollэ (Ke.) 'das Obere, Wipfel', olam- (Ta.) 'beginnen', old- (Ke. OO) 'anfangen'
Kamass: ulu 'Kopf'
Addenda: Koib. ulu 'head'
K. Reshetnikov's notes: For the meaning of Lapp. *vōlkē- 'to go away' cf. engl. to start 'to begin / to depart'. However, this Lapp. word can be alternatively compared with Finn. valkama 'wharf, harbour' (Lehtiranta 152). The Proto-Lapp. stem represented by such forms as Lul. al'kē- 'anfangen', al'kō 'Anfang', al'ge- 'begin to, set to work upon' etc. is borrowed from Finnic.
References: FUV; SKES; DEWO 83; Collinder Comp.Gr. 120
