Number: 223
Proto-Semitic: *pVrd- (~ *parad_/z-)
Meaning: an equid
Akkadian: perdum 'ein Equide' [AHw. 855]. Until recently the term was known from Old Assyrian only (e.g., HUCA 40 48:17-18 1 MA.NA 16 GÍN KÙ.BABBAR ší-im pè-er-dim 'the price of a p. is 1 mina and 16 shekels, cf. [Veenhof 1989 520-1]). In [Durand 1998 487] attestation(s) of perdum as a riding beast in the Zimri-līm Epic from Mari are announced).
Ugaritic: prd 'mulo' [DLU 354]. In 4.337.12 (ḳl d ybl prd 'el mensajero que conduce el mulo') and 4.786.4 (t_lt_m dd šʕrm lprdm 'treinta calderadas de cebada para los mulos').
Hebrew: päräd 'mule' [KB 963], pirdā 'female mule' [ibid.]; pB. [Ja. 1215].
Harari: (?) färäz 'horse' [LHar. 65] (a Cushitism?)
Gurage: (?)*färäz 'horse' [LGur. 244] (a Cushitism?)
Notes: Semantically close terms with b- instead of p- are attested in Syr. (bardūnā 'mulus; equus sarcinarius' [Brock. 95], [PS 604]) and Arb. (bird_awn- 'bête de somme au corps lourd et au pas lent, cheval qui n'est pas de race' [ibid. 109], [LA XIII 51]); the Arb. term is probably and Aramaism. A number of Sem. terms with the consonantal root brd meaning 'courrier horse' (Syr. bʔrwdʔ, byrydʔ 'veredus' [Brock. 95], Arb. barīd- 'exprès, courrier; poste' [BK 1 108], [LA III 86], Sab. brdnn (du.) 'courrier' [SD 30]) are probably derived from Lat. verēdus 'cheval de trot, cheval de poste' ("depuis Mar- tial") [EM 723] (via Gr. béraidos, beredos). The Lat. term in its turn is thought to be borrowed from Gallic gorwydd 'Pferd' ([WH 757]) while Old Hight German pferifrīd, pferīd 'horse' is thought to go back to a non-attested *paraverēdus 'cheval de renfort' ([EM 723]). Many etymological hypotheses on the origin of Arb. barīd- are critically analyzed in [Ullmann 1-14] where Lane's proposal to relate this word to Hbr. päräd is emphatically denied. Eth. forms with the consonantal root bzr meaning 'mare' (Gez. bāzrā 'mare' [LGz. 118], Tgr. bazra, bazratat 'young horse' [LH 293], Tna. bazra, pl. bazratat 'cavalla' [Bass. 335], Gog. bazra 'mare' [LGur. 169]) are of some interest. [KB 963]: Akk., Hbr., Ugr.
