North Caucasian etymology : Query result

Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇_HapE

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hat, cap

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇:ʷapa (~-o-,-o)

Proto-Tsezian: *ʁebV- (~-o-,-ɔ-)

Proto-Lak: q̇aIpa

Proto-Dargwa: *q̇apa

Proto-Lezghian: *q̇Iapaj

Proto-West Caucasian: *pIVq̇́IV (~ -q́I:-)

Notes: The correspondences are basically regular, except for metathesis in PWC (*q̇_HapE > *pHaq̇_E > *pIVq̇́IV), and some assimilative developments: secondary labialisation *q̇:- > *q̇:ʷ- in PAnd (under influence of -p-) and a complex development in PTs. (probably *q̇_HapE > *q̇_HaṗE (assimilation) > *qebV- (the normal expected development in PTs) > *ʁebV- (assimilation in voicing)). Most languages, however, preserve the original structure with the first glottalized and the second voiceless stop.

Comparison of WC and EC (Lak., Darg.) data see Shagirov 1977, 2, 41.

Some EC languages have strange metathesized forms which seem to be later WC loans (?) (Kryz. bäḳä 'a high cap', Bezht. baʔi 'hat, cap'). Immediate loans from Adygh languages are Svan. paq̇ʷ 'hat, cap', Balk. bokka 'children's cap'.

Roots of the type *KAPV / *PAKV meaning 'cap' are widely spread in Eurasia, cf. forms quoted by Bouda (1960, 202) : Koryak penkel, Alyut. pankal, Shugn. pakōl 'cap, hat'; cf. also several late European forms: Lat. (late) cappa (whence Pol. kapa > Rus. капа), Slav. *čepьсь, Lit. kepùrē 'cap' (see Vasmer 2,183; 4,333). However, some phonetic features of the Caucasian material (glottalisation and pharyngealisation in the root, regular correspondences between languages) suggest that it still should be reconstructed for PNC.