Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Āb

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hunt, chase

Russian meaning: охота

Old Turkic: ab (Orkh.), av (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: av (MK)

Turkish: av

Tatar: aw

Middle Turkic: aw (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔv

Uighur: aw, dial. ō

Azerbaidzhan: ov

Turkmen: āv

Kirghiz: ū

Kazakh: aw

Noghai: aw

Balkar: uw

Gagauz: av

Karaim: av

Kumyk: aw, haw

Comments: EDT 3, VEWT 1, ЭСТЯ 62-64, TMN 2, 131, Лексика 417-418.

Proto-Turkic: *ab-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to crowd, come together

Russian meaning: собираться, встречаться

Old Turkic: av- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: av- (MK, KB)

Comments: EDT 4, 10, ДТС 69.

Proto-Turkic: *ạbuč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: handful

Russian meaning: пригоршня

Karakhanid: avut (MK), avut-ča, avuč-ča (KB), avuč (Tefs.)

Turkish: avuč

Tatar: uč

Middle Turkic: avuč (MA, Sangl., Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: xɔwuč

Uighur: oč

Sary-Yughur: oš

Azerbaidzhan: ovuč

Turkmen: ovuč, jan-avuč

Khakassian: ōs

Shor: oš

Oyrat: ūš

Chuvash: ɨvъś

Kirghiz: ūč

Kazakh: uwɨs

Noghai: uvɨs

Bashkir: us

Balkar: uwuč

Gagauz: auč

Karaim: avuč, uvuč, uvuc

Karakalpak: uwɨs

Salar: uǯ

Kumyk: uvuč

Comments: EDT 44, VEWT 3, ЭСТЯ 1, 409-410, Егоров 342, Дыбо 179-181, Лексика 25-253. Turk. > MMong. a'uč id. (Щербак 1997, 103).

Proto-Turkic: *Abuč-ka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 husband, old man 2 foster-mother 3 elder sister 4 uncle

Russian meaning: 1 муж, старик 2 кормилица 3 старшая сестра 4 дядя

Old Turkic: avɨčɣa, abučɣa 1, abučqa 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: avɨčɣa 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: abuš 3 dial.

Tatar: abušqa, awucqa 1 dial. (Sib.)

Middle Turkic: abušqa, avušqa 4 (Abush., Sangl.)

Khakassian: apsax, apčax, Koib. abɨsqa 1

Shor: apšɨj 1, apšaq 'bear'

Oyrat: apšɨjaq 1; 'bear'

Chuvash: obaška

Tuva: ašaq 1

Tofalar: ašɨńaq 1

Kirghiz: abɨšqa 1

Kazakh: abɨšqa 1 dial.

Bashkir: abɨšqa 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 60-61, EDT 6, Егоров 274-275, Федотов II 282, Аникин 72. Chuv. is not quite regular and may be an early loanword from Tat. Formally the Turk. word may be derived from *aba 'elder in the mother's line' (+ dimin. -č).

Proto-Turkic: *Ăburt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cheek-pouch, inside of the mouth 2 gum 3 mouthful, gulp 4 cheek 5 molar 6 to take a mouthful, swallow

Russian meaning: 1 внутренняя полость рта 2 десна 3 глоток 4 щека 5 коренной зуб 6 глотать

Old Turkic: a[vurt] (?adurt) (OUygh., late med. texts TT II)

Turkish: avurt 1

Tatar: urt 2

Middle Turkic: awurt (Sangl.) 3, (MKypch.) oɣurt, owurt 1, 3 (Houts., Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: urt (dial.) 1

Turkmen: howurt (dial.) 1, 3

Khakassian: ōrt-a- 6

Shor: ōrt-a- 6

Oyrat: ūrt 'throat', ūrt-a- 6

Chuvash: urъlъ, dial. vъʷrlъʷ 5 (Ашм. V 320)

Yakut: omurt 1, 3

Tuva: ārt-a- 6

Kirghiz: ūrt

Kazakh: urt 1

Noghai: uwɨrt 1

Bashkir: urt 1

Balkar: uwurt 4

Gagauz: aurt 1, 4

Karakalpak: urt 1

Kumyk: uvurt 1, 4

Comments: EDT 65, ЭСТЯ 1, 407-409, Лексика 225-226, Мудрак 115. The Old Uyghur form is poorly readable, so -δ- is dubious. Yak. -m- is irregular: could it be a trace of PA *umV 'drink', otherwise lost in Turkic?

Proto-Turkic: *ač-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to open

Russian meaning: открывать

Old Turkic: ač- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ač- (MK)

Turkish: ač-

Tatar: ač-

Middle Turkic: ač- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔč-

Uighur: ač-

Sary-Yughur: ač-

Azerbaidzhan: ač-

Turkmen: ač-

Khakassian: as-

Shor: aš-

Oyrat: ač-

Chuvash: oś-

Yakut: as-

Tuva: a'š-

Tofalar: a'š-

Kirghiz: ač-

Kazakh: aš-

Noghai: aš-

Bashkir: as-

Balkar: ač-

Gagauz: ač-

Karaim: ač-

Karakalpak: aš-

Kumyk: ač-

Comments: EDT 18-19, VEWT 3, ЭСТЯ 1, 209-210, Федотов 2, 292.

Proto-Turkic: *ăčaj / *ĕčej

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 old man or woman 2 mother 3 grandmother 4 sister (of woman) 5 mother (if the grandmother is still alive) 5 mother (addr. to an elder woman) 6 aunt, sister of father 7 elder brother 8 uncle 9 ancestor 10 Father! (to the God) 11 old man, elder man 12 husband 13 younger brother of father's father 14 grandfather 15 father

Russian meaning: 1 старый мужчина или женщина 2 мать 3 бабушка 4 сестра (женщины) 5 мать (при живой бабушке) 5 мать (обр. к пожилой женщине) 6 тетя, сестра отца 7 старший брат 8 дядя 9 предок 10 Отче! (обр. к Богу) 11 старик, пожилой человек 12 муж 13 младший брат деда 14 дед 15 отец

Old Turkic: eči 7, 8 (Orkh.), ečü 9 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: eči 1 (MK), ečü 10 (KB)

Turkish: aǯu (dial.), eǯe 11

Tatar: aǯa, aǯi, ɛǯi 5 (dial., ТТДС 22, 551), azɨj, ɛzi 11, 15 (dial., ТТДС 23, 540)

Uzbek: ɔča, ača 2, 3

Uighur: ača 6

Sary-Yughur: ačɨ 4, ača 12, 15

Khakassian: aǯa 7, 8

Shor: ača 7, 8

Oyrat: Leb. aǯɨ, aǯa 7, ača 13

Chuvash: aźa 15

Yakut: ehe 14

Dolgan: ehe 14

Tuva: ača 15

Tofalar: aš'a, aǯa 7, 15

Kirghiz: ačaj 5, aǯa 11

Bashkir: äsä 2

Kumyk: aǯaj 5, ečiw 6

Comments: VEWT 35, ЭСТЯ 1, 231-235, TMN 2, 15, Егоров 35, Лексика 299, Clark 1977, 128, Stachowski 43. Shortness is suggested by pharyngealization in Tofalar, so the variants with -ǯ- are probably due to expressive gemination (*aččV / *eččV).

Proto-Turkic: *ačɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 precious gift; wellbeing 2 to tend, make comfortable, be favourable 3 to pity, have compassion

Russian meaning: 1 драгоценный дар; благосостояние 2 быть благоприятным, благосклонным, ухаживать 3 жалеть, иметь сострадание

Old Turkic: ačɨɣ 1, ačɨn- 2

Turkish: aǯɨ- 3

Azerbaidzhan: aǯɨ- 3

Yakut: ahɨn- 3

Dolgan: ahɨn- 3

Balkar: ačɨ- 3

Comments: EDT 22, 29, ЭСТЯ 1, 92 (together with *iāčɨ- 'bitter'), Stachowski 29. Turk. > WMong. ačuɣ 'wages, rent' (L 8). In modern languages the root tends to be confused with *iāčɨ- 'bitter, bitterness' (v. sub *p`i̯ā́č`o), thus the Oghuz voicing may be a result of secondary contamination and not due to original vowel length; but the two roots are rather well distinguished in Old Turkic, see EDT ibid.

Proto-Turkic: *Ada

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 danger 2 to endanger

Russian meaning: 1 опасность 2 подвергать опасности

Old Turkic: ada (tuda) 1, adart- 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Shor: aza 'name of an evil spirit' (Верб.)

Yakut: ataɣastā- 'to insult'

Tuva: adam 'dashing, extraordinary'

Comments: EDT 40, 68.

Proto-Turkic: *adak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: foot

Russian meaning: нога

Old Turkic: adaq (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aδaq (MK)

Turkish: ajak

Tatar: ajaq

Middle Turkic: ajaq (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: ɔjɔq

Uighur: ajaq

Sary-Yughur: azaq

Azerbaidzhan: ajaG

Turkmen: ajaG

Khakassian: azax

Shor: azaq

Oyrat: ad́aq

Halaj: hada:q, hadaq

Chuvash: ora

Yakut: ataq

Dolgan: atak

Tuva: adaq 'bottom part'

Tofalar: adaq 'сошки; нижняя часть'

Kirghiz: ajaq

Kazakh: ajaq

Noghai: ajaq

Bashkir: ajaq

Balkar: ajaq

Gagauz: ajaq

Karaim: ajax

Karakalpak: ajaq

Salar: aja(:)χ

Kumyk: ajaq

Comments: VEWT 5, EDT 45, ЭСТЯ 1, 103-105, Лексика 288, Федотов 2, 283, Stachowski 38.

Proto-Turkic: *ădaĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: friend, companion

Russian meaning: друг, товарищ

Old Turkic: adaš (OUygh. - Buddh., Man.)

Karakhanid: aδaš (MK, KB), ajaš (IM)

Yakut: atas

Kirghiz: ajaš

Comments: VEWT 5, EDT 72. A hypothesis about *adaĺ < (compound) at-daĺ with 'name' as the first component is impossible (in that case we would expect *ataĺ and 'namesake' as the earliest meaning). The form attaš is attested since MTurk.: attaš 'namesake' (Tefs.), adaš 'namesake' (Chag. Sangl.), ataš 'namesake' (CCum.) - and contaminates with *adaĺ. Modern languages for the most part reflect the compound, see ЭСТЯ I 203-204. Cf. Tuva a'daškɨ-lar 'a father with his children' ("namesakes"; NB: pharyngealization as a reflex of *-t-). A possible reflex of *adaĺ is Chuv. ural-a-š- 'to agree about acquiring smth. collectively, together' and ural-a-n- 'to form a light circle (of astronomical bodies)': both are semantically quite far from ura-la-n- 'to recover'.

Proto-Turkic: *adɨ-r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to separate

Russian meaning: отделять

Old Turkic: adɨr- (Orkh., OUygh.); adɨn (OUygh.) 'other'

Karakhanid: aδɨr- (MK); aδɨn (MK) 'other'

Turkish: ajɨr-

Tatar: ajɨr-

Middle Turkic: ajɨr- (Abush.)

Uzbek: ajir-

Uighur: ajra-, ajri- (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: azɨr-

Azerbaidzhan: ajɨr-

Turkmen: ajɨr-

Khakassian: azɨr-

Shor: azɨr-

Oyrat: ajrɨ-

Halaj: hadru-, hadur-

Chuvash: ojъr-

Yakut: atɨr-; atɨn 'other'

Dolgan: atɨn 'other'

Tuva: adɨr-

Tofalar: adɨr-

Kirghiz: ajɨr-

Kazakh: ajɨr-

Noghai: ajɨr-

Bashkir: ajɨr-

Balkar: ajɨr-

Gagauz: ajɨr-

Karaim: ajɨr-

Karakalpak: ajɨr-

Kumyk: ajɨr-

Comments: VEWT 6, EDT 60, 66-67, ЭСТЯ 1, 93, 114-116, Федотов 2, 270, Stachowski 39. Turk. > MMo, WMong. aǯira- (see Щербак 1997, 94), whence again Uzb. aǯra- etc. (see ЭСТЯ ibid.).

Proto-Turkic: *Agɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 treasure 2 silk brocade

Russian meaning: 1 сокровище 2 парча

Old Turkic: aɣɨ (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: aɣɨ (MK, KB) 2

Turkish: Osm. aɣɨ, dial. aɣɨ 2

Middle Turkic: aɣɨ 2

Comments: EDT 78. Clauson points out that the oldest attested meaning is 'treasure', later concretized to 'silk brocade'.

Proto-Turkic: *Agɨŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 mouth 2 lip, lips 3 mouth of a river, of a cleft

Russian meaning: 1 рот 2 губа, губы 3 устье реки, ущелья

Old Turkic: aɣɨz (Orkh.) 3, aɣɨz, aɣaz (OUygh.) 1, 3

Karakhanid: aɣɨz 1, 3

Turkish: aɣɨz 1, 3

Tatar: awɨz 1, 3

Middle Turkic: aɣɨz 1

Uzbek: ɔɣiz 1, 3

Uighur: eɣiz 1, 3

Sary-Yughur: aɣɨs 1

Azerbaidzhan: aɣɨz 1, 3

Turkmen: aɣɨz 1, 3

Khakassian: ās, axsɨ (3 P.) 1, 3

Shor: aqsɨ 1, 3

Oyrat: ōs 1, 3

Halaj: aɣɨz 1, 3

Chuvash: vъʷrъʷ, urъ-lъ 3

Yakut: uos 2

Dolgan: uos 2

Tuva: ās, aqsɨ (3 P.) 1, 3

Tofalar: ā̃s, aqsɨ (3 P.) 1, 3

Kirghiz: ooz 1, 3

Kazakh: awɨz 1, 3

Noghai: awɨz 1, 3

Bashkir: awɨδ 1, 3

Balkar: awuδ 1, 3

Gagauz: ās 1, 3

Karaim: aɣɨz 1, 3

Karakalpak: awɨz 1, 3

Salar: aɣɨz 1

Kumyk: awuz 1, 3

Comments: VEWT 8, EDT 98, ЭСТЯ 1, 81-83, Мудрак Дисс. 115, Лексика 224-225, Stachowski 245.

Proto-Turkic: *aglak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 lonely, uninhabited (place) 2 unemployed, out of work 3 field

Russian meaning: 1 незаселенное место 2 безработный, лишенный службы 3 поле, степь

Old Turkic: aɣlaq 1 (OUygh. - Buddh.)

Karakhanid: aɣlaq 1 (MK), aɣla-ju 1 (MK; deverb. from *aɣla- 'to be deserted' (unattested)), aɣla-t- (MK) 'to send away (people)'

Turkish: aylak 2; aɣlak (dial.) 1

Tatar: awlaq 1

Khakassian: aɣlax 1

Chuvash: ulax 1

Kirghiz: ōlaq 1

Kazakh: awlaq 1

Noghai: awlaq 1

Bashkir: awlaq 1

Balkar: awlaq 1

Gagauz: ajlaq, hajlaq 2

Karaim: awlaq 1

Karakalpak: awlaq 1

Kumyk: awlaq 3

Comments: EDT 84, 85, VEWT 8, ЭСТЯ 1, 64. Turk. > WMong. aɣlaq, aɣlaɣa id. (KW 3, Щербак 1997, 95). Tends to contaminate with *āb-lag 'hunting lands'.

Proto-Turkic: *agsa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hobble, limp 2 lame

Russian meaning: 1 хромать 2 хромой

Karakhanid: axsa- (MK) 1, aqsaq, aɣsaɣ (MK) 2

Turkish: aksa- 1

Tatar: aqsa- 1

Uzbek: ɔqsa- 1

Sary-Yughur: axsa- 1

Azerbaidzhan: axsa- 1

Turkmen: aGsa- 1

Khakassian: axsa- 1

Yakut: axsɨm 2

Tuva: asqa- 1

Kirghiz: aqsa- 1

Kazakh: aqsa- 1

Noghai: aqsa- 1

Bashkir: aqha- 1

Balkar: axsa-, asxa- 1

Karakalpak: aqsa- 1

Kumyk: aqsa- 1

Comments: EDT 95, ЭСТЯ 76. Turk. > Mong. asag '(animal) lameness'.

Proto-Turkic: *ạguŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: colostrum

Russian meaning: молозиво

Karakhanid: aɣuz (MK), oɣuz (Tefs.)

Turkish: aɨz sütü, dial. āz, aɣuz

Tatar: uɣɨz

Middle Turkic: aɣuz (Sangl., Pav. C., IM)

Uzbek: ɔɣiz

Uighur: oɣuz

Turkmen: ovuz

Khakassian: ōs

Chuvash: ɨrri (3Sg.)

Yakut: uosax

Tuva: ā-zɨ (contamination with 3d p. poss.)

Kirghiz: ūz

Kazakh: uwɨz

Noghai: uwɨz

Bashkir: ɨwɨδ

Balkar: uwuz

Karakalpak: uwɨz

Kumyk: uwuz

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 405-407, EDT 98, Егоров 344.

Proto-Turkic: *Aj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to revolve, rotate, go round 2 to tarry 3 to lead, lead round 4 to speed up 5 to drive

Russian meaning: 1 вращаться, вертеться, обходить 2 мешкать 3 кружить, водить 4 ускорять 5 гнать

Turkish: ajla-(n)- 1, ajlak 'шатающийся без дела'

Tatar: ǝjlǝn- 1

Uzbek: ajlan- 1, 2

Uighur: ajlan- 1, 2

Azerbaidzhan: ajlan- (dial.) 1

Turkmen: ajla- 3

Khakassian: ajn-ɨt- 4, ajla-, ǝjlǝ- 1

Shor: ajlan- 1

Oyrat: ajla- 1, ajda- 5

Yakut: ajgɨ-s-ɨn- 'to tarry; to go, visit frequently' (*ajɨg-ɨš-ɨn-)

Kirghiz: ajlan- 1, ajda- 5

Kazakh: ajda- 5, ajnal- 1

Noghai: ajlan- 1

Balkar: ajlan- 1

Gagauz: ajla-, ajlan- 1, (h)ajda- 5

Karaim: ajlan- 1

Karakalpak: ajlan- 1, 2

Kumyk: ajlan- 'to move, visit'

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 106-107, 109-110. The forms meaning `rotate, go round, walk in circles' are hardly connected with aj `moon'.

Proto-Turkic: *ăja-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to esteem 2 to pity, look after 3 very

Russian meaning: 1 почитать 2 беречь, жалеть 3 очень, сильно

Old Turkic: aja- 1, ajɨ 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aja- (MK) 1, 2, ajɨ 3 (KB)

Turkish: aj- 2, aja- dial. 1

Tatar: aja- 2

Middle Turkic: aja- 1 (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: aja- 2

Uighur: aji- 2

Azerbaidzhan: ajin 'cult, ceremony'

Turkmen: aja- 2

Khakassian: aja- 2, aj 3

Shor: aja- 2 (in ajabān 'remorseless')

Chuvash: oja- 'to care'

Tuva: aj 'well'

Kirghiz: aja- 2

Kazakh: aja- 2

Noghai: aja- 2

Bashkir: aja- 2

Balkar: aja- 2

Karaim: aja- 2

Karakalpak: aja- 2

Kumyk: aja- 2

Comments: VEWT 10-11, EDT 267-8, ЭСТЯ 1, 101-102, Федотов 2, 298. Deriving *aja- 'to respect, esteem' from *aj 'fear' (VEWT 11) is hardly plausible. Clauson (EDT 182) thinks that OUygh. ajɨ 'very' is an unusually early example of the elision of -g in ańɨɣ 'evil', which means 'very' in many OUygh. texts, but this is hardly plausible phonetically; so it may belong here, together with Khak. aj 'very' (although the final narrow ɨ is a problem). Sevortyan relates here also SUygh. ajɨɣ 'good omen, good luck', but this may be a reflex of OUygh., Karakh. ajɨq 'vow, promise' (EDT 270).

Proto-Turkic: *ạj-ɨt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to say 2 to prescribe, tell 3 to ask, demand 4 to concern

Russian meaning: 1 говорить 2 указывать, предписывать 3 просить 4 касаться ч.-л.

Old Turkic: ajɨt- 3 (OUygh.), ajɨ- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aj-, ajɨt- 1 (MK), ajɨt- 3 (KB)

Turkish: ait- 4

Tatar: ɛjt- 1

Middle Turkic: aj(ɨ)t- 1

Uzbek: ajt- 1

Uighur: ejt- 1

Turkmen: ajt- 1

Khakassian: ajt- 1 (dial.), ajɨt- 'sing'

Halaj: hāj- 1

Chuvash: ɨjt- 3

Yakut: ɨj- 2, ɨjɨt- 3

Dolgan: ɨjɨt- 3

Tuva: ajɨt- 2

Tofalar: ajɨt- 2

Kirghiz: ajt- 1

Noghai: ajt- 1

Bashkir: äjt- 1

Balkar: ajt- 1

Karakalpak: ajt- 1

Comments: VEWT 10, ЭСТЯ 1, 99-100, 111-112, Егоров 342, EDT 268-9, Stachowski 259. PT *ạjɨt- is derived from *ạj- 'to point out, prescribe'. Before the 11th c. it had only a causative meaning; the meaning 'say, tell' developed later.