Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 貽

Modern (Beijing) reading: yí

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łǝ

Classic Old Chinese: Łǝ

Western Han Chinese: lǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨ

Middle Chinese: jɨ

English meaning : to transmit, bequeathe, hand down, bestow, to give

Russian meaning[s]: 1) подарить; передать по наследству; передать; 2) навлекать, вызывать; причинять

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 1436

Karlgren code: 0976 v

Shijing occurrences: 42.2, 42.3_

Character: 賁

Modern (Beijing) reading: bēn

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝ̄r

Classic Old Chinese: pǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: pǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: pon

English meaning : be ardent, brave

Russian meaning[s]: 1) храбрец (также 虎賁); 2) Бэнь (фамилия); [pì bì] 1) украшение; украшать; 2) ясный, светлый; вежл. Ваш; [fén] большой; [fèn] разбитый, потерпевший поражение, вм. 僨

Shuowen gloss: 飾也.從貝.#聲. [279]

Comments: Sch.: probably s. etymon as 奔. Sometimes written as 墳 (q.v.), or as 蕡 (q.v.). Another graphic variant (with the 207th radical, "drum") is used in the combination with 鼓 'drum' ("big drum"). The character 賁 has also an archaic reading *par-s, MC (with dialectal *-r > -j) pè (FQ 彼義), Pek. bì 'be ornate, brilliant' (this is the meaning defined in Shuowen), as well as fén, MC bün (FQ 符分), OC *b(h)ǝr 'to be great'.

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8001

Karlgren code: 0437 a-d

Character: 費

Modern (Beijing) reading: fèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: phǝts

Classic Old Chinese: phǝć

Western Han Chinese: phǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: phwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: phwɨ̀j

English meaning : to waste (money), expenses [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тратить, расходовать; расточать; расходы; убытки; ущерб; 2) излишний, ненужный; 3) широкий, щедрый; 4) Фэй (фамилия); [bì] сокр. Бисянь (уезд в провинции Шаньдун)

Comments: Also read *bhǝts, MC bwɨ̀j id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8033

Karlgren code: 0500 s-t

Vietnamese reading: phí

Character: 賀

Modern (Beijing) reading: hè

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ājs

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ājh

Western Han Chinese: gājh (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǟh (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǟ̀ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǟ̀ (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǟ̀ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣầ

English meaning : to congratulate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поздравлять, желать счастья; 2) дарить, преподносить подарки; 3) Хэ (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 7963

Karlgren code: 0015 j

Character: 貴

Modern (Beijing) reading: guì

Preclassic Old Chinese: kuts

Classic Old Chinese: kwǝć

Western Han Chinese: kwǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: kwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: kwɨ̀j

English meaning : precious, valuable; to esteem

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дорогой, ценный; благородный; уважаемый; вежл. Ваш; 2) ценить, уважать; 3) сокр. Гуйчжоу (провинция); 4) Гуй (фамилия)

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 7941

Karlgren code: 0540 b

Vietnamese reading: qúy, qúi

Character: 買

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǎi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mrēʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mrḗ

Western Han Chinese: mrḗ

Eastern Han Chinese: mriḗ

Early Postclassic Chinese: miẹ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: miẹ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: miẹ̄́

Middle Chinese: mạ̈́

English meaning : to buy [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: купить, приобрести

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen mai³, Chaozhou boi³, Fuzhou mä³, Jianou mai³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 7968

Vietnamese reading: mãi

Jianchuan Bai: mɛ2

Dali Bai: mer3

Bijiang Bai: ma1

Character: 貶

Modern (Beijing) reading: biǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: premʔ

Classic Old Chinese: prém

Western Han Chinese: prjám

Eastern Han Chinese: prám

Early Postclassic Chinese: pém

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pém

Late Postclassic Chinese: pém

Middle Chinese: pém

English meaning : to diminish, weaken

Russian meaning[s]: 1) унижать; осуждать, порицать; снижать; 2) понижать в должности; разжаловать; уволить; 3) колоть; игла

Comments: In MC also read pɨ́m. Sino-Viet. biếm reflects rather MC *pèm, but there seems also to exist a regular reflex biê`m < *pém.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 6444

Karlgren code: 0641 d

Vietnamese reading: biếm

Character: 貿

Modern (Beijing) reading: mào

Preclassic Old Chinese: mrō(ʔ)s

Classic Old Chinese: mrōh

Western Han Chinese: mrōh

Eastern Han Chinese: mrōh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mọ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mọ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: mọ̄̀

Middle Chinese: mʌ̀w

English meaning : to barter, exchange

Russian meaning[s]: 1) покупать; менять; торговать; торговля; коммерция; 2) перен. слепой; слепо, безрассудно

Comments: Xiesheng would favour a reconstruction *mrū(ʔ)-s (with irregular development in MC - attested also in some other cases with labial initials); unfortunately there are no old rhymes for the word. Standard Sino-Viet. is mậu; another old loan from the same source is probably Viet. mua 'to buy, purchase'. For *m- cf. Min forms: Xiamen bau⁶, Chaozhou mou⁴, Fuzhou mau⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8030

Karlgren code: 1114 j-k

Go-on: mu, mo

Kan-on: bou

Japanese reading: bō;motomeru;akinau

Vietnamese reading: mão

Shijing occurrences: 58.1

Character: 貸

Modern (Beijing) reading: dài

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ǝ̄ks

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: l̥ǝ̄h (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥ǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: thǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: thл̀j

English meaning : borrow, lend

Russian meaning[s]: 1) давать взаймы; пускать деньги в рост; ссужать; 2) брать взаймы; бухг. кредит; пассив; 3) освободить (от наказания); прощать, вм. 寬貸

Comments: Initial d- in some modern dialects is quite irregular.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8042

Karlgren code: 0918 p

Character: 越

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuè

Preclassic Old Chinese: wat

Classic Old Chinese: wat

Western Han Chinese: wat

Eastern Han Chinese: wat

Early Postclassic Chinese: wat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: wǝt

Middle Chinese: wǝt

English meaning : to go on, go beyond, transgress

Russian meaning[s]: 1) переходить; перешагнуть, перейти (напр. границы); 2) превосходить, превышать; нарушать (напр. правила); 3) сверх, еще более; 4) падать; гибнуть, рушиться; 5) восходить; поднимать(ся); 6) плести (напр. цыновку); 7) сокр. Вьетнам; 8) древн. начальная частица предложения; 9) Юэ (древнее княжество и название народности); 10) провинция Чжэцзян; 11) Юэ (фамилия)

Comments: Another colloquial loan from the same source is Viet. vu'ọ't 'to surpass, go beyond'. Standard Sino-Viet. is việt (this word is also used in the shortened name of Vietnam = "Trans-south"). For *w- cf. dialectal forms: Xiamen uat⁸, Chaozhou uek⁸, Fuzhou ok⁸, Meixian jat⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 156

Four-angle index: 5826

Karlgren code: 0303 e

Go-on: woti, weti

Kan-on: wetu

Japanese reading: ochi;echi;etsu;koeru;koeru;kosu;koko;aa

Vietnamese reading: vát

Character: 超

Modern (Beijing) reading: chāo

Russian meaning[s]: 1) перепрыгнуть; перешагнуть; перелететь через...; перен. выйти за пределы, превысить; 2) выдаваться, превзойти; употребляется как приставка сверх-, над-, супер-, ультра-; 3) вне очереди; сверх нормы; внеочередной; 4) независимый, вольный, свободный; 5) далекий; 6) спасти, выручить

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 156

Four-angle index: 5809

Karlgren code: 1131 j

Character: 趁

Modern (Beijing) reading: chèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: thǝrs

Classic Old Chinese: thǝnh

Western Han Chinese: thǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhìn

Middle Chinese: ṭhìn

English meaning : to run after, rush after, pursue [Wei]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) гнаться, преследовать; 2) воспользоваться (напр. случаем); 3) сесть на...; ехать на... (напр. поезде); 4) разыскать, найти; взять

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 156

Four-angle index: 5819

Vietnamese reading: sấn

Character: 跎

Modern (Beijing) reading: tuo

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 距

Modern (Beijing) reading: jù

Preclassic Old Chinese: gaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: gá

Western Han Chinese: gá

Eastern Han Chinese: gá

Early Postclassic Chinese: gó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gó

Late Postclassic Chinese: gó

Middle Chinese: gö́

English meaning : to oppose, resist; come to, reach

Russian meaning[s]: 1) расстояние, дистанция; отстоять от...; 2) древн. идти к...; достигать; 3) отталкивать, давать отпор; 4) шпоры (петуха); 5) большой, огромный

Comments: = 拒 q.v. The original meaning 'spur' is attested only since Late Zhou. For *g- cf. Xiamen ku⁶, Chaozhou kɨ⁴, Fuzhou köü⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 825

Karlgren code: 0095 q

Character: 跋

Modern (Beijing) reading: bá

Preclassic Old Chinese: bāt

Classic Old Chinese: bāt

Western Han Chinese: bāt

Eastern Han Chinese: bāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: bāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: bāt

Middle Chinese: bwât

English meaning : to tread on, trample; to stumble

Russian meaning[s]: 1) идти по траве; тащиться; 2) вытащить; 3) задняя часть ноги; 4) послесловие (литературный жанр); 5) жестокий

Comments: Attested already in Shijing (but for some reason left out by Schüssler); related to 275 a *pāt q.v. For *b cf. Xiamen puaʔ⁸, Chaozhou puek⁸, Fuzhou puak⁸ (lit. pak⁸).

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 5908

Karlgren code: 0276 b

Shijing occurrences: 54.1

Character: 跚

Modern (Beijing) reading: sān

Russian meaning[s]: 蹣跚 хромать; заплетаться (о ногах)

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 4009

Character: 跑

Modern (Beijing) reading: pǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhrū

Classic Old Chinese: bhrū

Western Han Chinese: bhrǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: bhrǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhǝ̣̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhạ̄w

Middle Chinese: bạw

English meaning : to run, hurry [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бежать; скакать; кататься (на коньках); 2) убежать, скрыться; 3) прибыть, прийти; 4) вести дела (торговлю) с...; [páo] 1) бежать; 2) скрести землю когтями (о животных)

Comments: Probably = 刨 'scrape' (in fact 'to scrape the earth with feet'); for *bh- cf. Fuzhou phau². Modern pǎo and Xiamen, Chaozhou phau³ reflect an unattested MC variant *phạ́w.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 7100

Character: 跌

Modern (Beijing) reading: dié

Preclassic Old Chinese: Ł(h)īt

Classic Old Chinese: Ł(h)īt

Western Han Chinese: ljǝ̄t (~ Łh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: liǝ̄t (~ lh-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēt

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)iēt

Middle Chinese: diet

English meaning : to slip, stumble; miss, make a mistake [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) споткнуться; упасть навзничь; опрокинуться; падать (напр. о ценах); 2) лягать, брыкаться; 3) ошибаться; ошибка; 4) быстро идти; 5) задержка (перерыв) в изложении

Comments: Since Han the character is also used for a homonymous *Ł(h)īt 'sole of foot'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 5074

Karlgren code: 0402 j

Vietnamese reading: d_iệt

Jianchuan Bai: cuɛ6

Dali Bai: to6-

Bijiang Bai: to6

Character: 跛

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǒ

Preclassic Old Chinese: pājʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pā́j

Western Han Chinese: pā́j

Eastern Han Chinese: pǟ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: pā́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pā́

Late Postclassic Chinese: pā́

Middle Chinese: pwâ ́

English meaning : be lame

Comments: Also read (during L.Zhou) *p(r)aj-s, MC pè (FQ 彼義), Pek. bì, Go, Kan hi 'to lean to one side'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0025 m

Go-on: ha

Kan-on: ha

Japanese reading: ha;hi;ashinae

Character: 跆

Modern (Beijing) reading: tai

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0