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face="Times New Roman Star"*ala-n / *ala-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"level ground, plain | face="Times New Roman Star"равнина |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alan, dial. ala | face="Times New Roman Star"alan | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, a:la |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"olъx | face="Times New Roman Star"ala:s, aly: | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn, aly: | face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q, alandy |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 147, ЭСТЯ 1, 134-135, Федотов 2, 277, Stachowski 32, 33. Length in the Turkm. variant a:la is not clear. Yak. ala:s > Russ. Siber. ala/s (Аникин 80-81). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 front 2 forehead 3 in front of 4 towards the front of | face="Times New Roman Star"1 перед 2 лоб 3 впереди, спереди 4 вперед | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (dial.), alyn 1, 2; 'face' | face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1, alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"aly 1 (Abush.), alny-da 'in the presence of' (Abush.), aldy (Babur) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"o|l-d-i 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajl, aldi 1, al-dyn 3, al-g|a 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alym, alyn 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:lyn 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1, alyn-da 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aldy, alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:nl(y), ha:ll 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"om 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face, mountain slope' | face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"al-da 3, al-d-y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"al, aldy 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"al, ally 1, al-da 3, al-g|a 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"anny 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1 (K), alyn 1 (T, H) | face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"aldy- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-dan 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 121, 147; VEWT 14 (should be distinguished from *al- 'below'), TMN 2, 120, ЭСТЯ 1, 124-125, 146, Федотов 2, 280, Лексика 198-199. See EDT 121 commenting on the absence of early attestation of the suffixless form. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 lower side, below 2 (as adj.) being below , lower | face="Times New Roman Star"1 низ, нижняя сторона 2 нижний | face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (Yen. ПМК 90, OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (MK, IM), alt 1 (\X<1.193>Tefs.\x) | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (dial., ЯБТ 126) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 (ЯЖУ 14) | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ald 1, altyg|y 2; alty 1 {(Баск. Туба)} | face="Times New Roman Star"a[:]lt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"old(ъ) 'gusset' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a'ldy 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"aldyn 'в низовье реки' (Рас. ФиЛ 153) | face="Times New Roman Star"ald(y) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (K) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 14, ЭСТЯ 1, 140-141, Stachowski 32. VEWT confuses (after Bang and Brockelmann) the roots *al- 'below' and *a:l 'front'. They are indeed mixed in Kirgh. and Oyr. lit., where we have ald 'front, below', but are distinguished in dialects (Tuba: ald 'front', with a voicing in the consonant cluster after an old long vowel, but alty 'below'). The Chuv. form probably goes back to the compound *koltuk alty 'axillary concavity, gusset' (attested in Tur., Gag., Az., see Дыбо 154). Most languages reflect *al-ty- (the simple form al is not attested, see the discussion in EDT 121), but the reality of the root *a>l is proved by a different derivative in Yakut. Cf. also Sib.-Tat. alas?a 'low, low place' (КСТТ 100). Another possible old derivative in -c?ak may be PT *al/(c?)ak (Karakh. as?aq, Turkm. as?a:q etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 214-215) 'below, bottom part; low, humble': its traditional derivation from *a:l/- 'to cross (a mountain)' is unsatisfactory both phonetically and semantically. A certain problem is the attribution of the adjective *al-c?ak (see ЭСТЯ 1, 143-144, EDT 129). Older occurrences of alc?aq (MK, KB, Tefs., Rabg. etc.) present the meaning 'modest, humble'; cf. also Sib.-Tat. alcaq 'valetudinarian' (КСТТ 101), Turkm. alc?ak 'affable' and perhaps Tur. alc?ak 'mean, vile', alc?a- 'to offend, humiliate'. This group of forms may in fact reflect a different root, otherwise represented by PT *Alyg, see under *a:\le 'weak, tired'. Another group of forms - Chag. alc?aq 'bas' (Pav. C.), Tur., Az., Crim.-Tat. (and Oghuz texts like Korkut) alc?aq 'low, low place' probably represents an Oghuz innovative derivation in -c?ak from the root al- (which is why -lc?- did not yield -s?- here), perhaps influenced by Mong. alc?a-gar, alc?a-n 'stunted, undersized', derived from Mong. alc?aji- 'to spread legs apart'. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to take | face="Times New Roman Star"брать | face="Times New Roman Star"al- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"al- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|l- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"il- | face="Times New Roman Star"yl- | face="Times New Roman Star"yl- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"al- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 124-125, VEWT 14-15, ЭСТЯ 1, 127-128, Егоров 68, Лексика 336, 337, Stachowski 259. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become weak 2 bad 3 to be vile (of a man), to turn septic (of a wound) 4 weak, inferior 5 upset 6 old, worn-out 7 crazy 8 lazy man 9 to hurry 10 fool 11 to go mad 12 to deceive 13 perplexed 14 dumb, foolish 15 doubt, surprise 16 error 17 be in doubt, perplexed 18 absent-minded, unattentive 19 weakness | face="Times New Roman Star"1 слабеть 2 дурной 3 быть подлым (о человеке), воспаляться (о ране) 4 слабый, худший 5 расстроенный 6 старый, изношенный 7 безумный, ошалелый 8 лентяй 9 торопиться 10 дурак 11 сходить с ума 12 обманывать 13 растерянный 14 глупый, простоватый 15 сомнение, удивление 16 ошибка 17 сомневаться, сбиваться, путаться 18 рассеянный, невнимательный 19 чахлость, немощь | face="Times New Roman Star"alan|-a-d- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 2 (MK), alyq- 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"alyk, (Osm.) alu 4, alaz, alyz 4 (dial.), alkyn 5 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-ma 2, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"aluq 7 (Abush. 27) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alaq, alan| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ac? 8 (ЯЖУ 14) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al-n|-a-sa- 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 10, alas 5, al-yn-, al-ax- 11, (caus.) 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"al-aq-tyr- (caus. from *al-aq-) 12, al-aq-qan 13, alyg| 10, al-yn- 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"ala: (< alag|) 14, alu (< alyg|) 10, alan| 15, alg|as 5, al-yn- 11 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alg|as 16 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q- 17, alan| 15 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, alag|-dy 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-n|-g|a-s-ar 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"alama 2, 6, al-jawu 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn- 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyq 7, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"alas 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 16-17, TMN 2, 116, EDT 129, 138, 149, ЭСТЯ 1, 132, 145-146, Clark 1977, 128. See also Oghuz *al-c?ak sub *a>l 'below'. Tends to contaminate with *a:l 'red' and *a:la 'variegated', cf. Uygh. al-ga"da"n 'nai've' ('red nape'), Turkm. a:la-samsyk 'foolish' ('variegated fool'), Bashk. al-jot 'fool' ('red fellow'). KW 7. Turk. *algaz > MMong. alg|asa- 'faul, nachlassig sein' (SH), then Mong. > Kirgh., KBalk., Kum. alg|asa(r)-, Nogh. alas-la-r- 'to become embarrassed', (Karaim) 'to be scared' etc. Despite Sevortyan, Tokharian A a:la:s 'iners, ignavus' (Poucha 27), B ala:s- 'be sick' (Sieg-Siegling 91) not < Turk., but < Sanskr. alasa. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*Alk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to finish; destroy; (refl.) perish, be exhausted, come to an end | face="Times New Roman Star"заканчивать, выполнять; уничтожать | face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (Orkh., OUygh.), alq-yn- (refl.) (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (MK, IM), alq-yn- refl. (MK, IM), alqys?- 'to destroy each other' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alk- (dial.); alk-ys?- (Old Osm.) 'to destroy (many)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to weaken' (Р I 390), 'to rage' (Юд. 51) (?) | face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath, chafe' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, 137, 138-139; VEWT 17. Reflexes in modern languages are not quite secure. The reflexive form alkyn- 'weaken' (but note the difference in meanings in R and in modern dictionaries) may be derived both from *alk- and from *alyk- 'to deteriorate, disintegrate' (EDT 138), which belongs rather to *Al 'silly, weak', alyg| 'bad, weak, wicked' (in any case, cannot be morphologically identified with *alk-), thus modern languages may exhibit a contamination. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*A>lan|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of rat, jerboa | face="Times New Roman Star"вид крысы, тушканчик |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alan|yr (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alan|g|arat 'gros rat' (Pav. C. 30) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alaqa 'gopher', alan|n|yrt 'field mouse' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 149. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*A:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"red, scarlet | face="Times New Roman Star"красный, алый | face="Times New Roman Star"al (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"al (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al (Pav. C., Houts.), al 'bright red' (CCum.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"a:l |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 94-95, ЭСТЯ 1, 125-126. A loanword in Russ. алый. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.lky- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to bless, praise 2 blessing, praise 3 curse | face="Times New Roman Star"1 благословлять, восхвалять 2 благословение, хвала 3 проклятие, проклинать | face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- (OUygh.) 1, alqys? (OUygh., Yen.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alkys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|lqis? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqis? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alGys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|an 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|a:- 1, alg|y: 2 ( < Tuva) | face="Times New Roman Star"alga:- 'to shamanize' ( < Tuva) | face="Times New Roman Star"a'lg|ys? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1, alqys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2; alqa- 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 137-138, EDT 137-138, Егоров 343, Stachowski 31, Мудрак Дисс. 181 (regarding the Yak. form as borrowed < Tuva because of its vocalism). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*Al/u | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"red clay, ochre | face="Times New Roman Star"красная глина |
| face="Times New Roman Star"as?u (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"as?y, dial. as?u, as?ur, Osmanli as?u |
| face="Times New Roman Star"as?y (AH 6) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 30, EDT 256, Лексика 376. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*A:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 device, trick, deceit 2 to deceive | face="Times New Roman Star"1 обман, хитрость 2 обманывать | face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.), al-ta- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"a:l 1 (MK, KB), alda- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"a^l 1, aldat- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"aldi- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (dial.), al-da-n- 'to be deceived, to err' | face="Times New Roman Star"a:l 1, a:lda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alda- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 93, ЭСТЯ 1, 126-127. A discussion of albasty ( = Mong. albin) see in TMN 2, 109-110. Turk. *a:l-da- > Mong. alda- 'to deceive' (MA, cf. also TMN 2, 116, Щербак 1997, 97) > Evk. alda- etc. (Doerfer MT 109). On Mong. alda- 'to lose' see *a:\le 'weak, tired'. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>lp | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 difficult, hard 2 warrior 3 hero 4 brave 5 giant 6 landlord | face="Times New Roman Star"1 трудный 2 воин 3 герой 4 храбрый 5 великан 6 помещик, землевладелец | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 1, 2, 4 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.); alp-a-g|ut 2 (OUygh.). | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 4 (MK, KB, Tefs., IM); alpag|ut 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 3, 5, alpawyt 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 3 (Sngl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"alpawut 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4, albyx- 'to act as a meddler' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"olъp 5, olbut 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 'witchcraft; part of some names of spirits' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"albyq- 'to pant, stifle', alba:- 'to lapse into oblivion' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4, 5, albu:t 'hot-tempered' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 5, albyt, albyrt 'hot-tempered' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alpawyt 2, alpamys?a 5 (from Alp Amys?a, a folklore name, = Tat.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alp 'chief', alpawut 'gentry man' | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 5, albyra- 'be exhausted, embarassed' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 127-128, VEWT 18, ЭСТЯ I 139, Федотов 2, 276. Clauson's hypothesis that the reflexes of *alpawut in recent languages are the result of a re-borrowing from Mong. (cf. Lit. Mong. albag|ut (Kow. 84) < Turk.), partly contaminated with Mong. alban 'tax', is unnecessary: a semantic shift 'warrior' > 'gentry' > 'landlord' seems to be natural. Cf. a borrowing from Mong. alba-tu in Tuva, Oyr. albatu, albaty, Kirgh. albaty 'tax-payers, people'. |