| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kud- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pour out (water) 2 to pour 3 well | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëèòü 2 ñûïàòü 3 êîëîäåö | face="Times New Roman Star"qud- 1 (OUigh.), qudug| 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (MK), qud|ug| 3 (MK, QB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuju 3, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (Sangl.), qujy 3 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quz- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guj- 1, 2, Gujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xus- 1, 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quspaq 'áîëüøîé òóåñ' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xyv- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kut- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qut- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qut-/d- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296, EDT 596, 598, ÝÑÒß 2000, 109-111, 119-120, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 102, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 379. The root contained undoubtedly *-d-, but variants with *-j- are attested unusually early. Turk. > MMong. g|uduh (SH), WMong. qudug| (whence backwards > Turkm. Guduk, Uygh. quduq, Khak. xutux etc.), see EDT ibid., KW 194, Ùåðáàê 1997, 143, TMN 1, 395-396, Stachowski 162. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kudruk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tail | face="Times New Roman Star"õâîñò | face="Times New Roman Star"qudruq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qud|ruq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kujruk | face="Times New Roman Star"qojryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq, qujrug| (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"Guzuruq | face="Times New Roman Star"GujruG | face="Times New Roman Star"Gujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"xuzurux | face="Times New Roman Star"quzuruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qurduq | face="Times New Roman Star"xu"re | face="Times New Roman Star"kuturuk | face="Times New Roman Star"kuturuk | face="Times New Roman Star"quduruq | face="Times New Roman Star"quduruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_jryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qojroq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qurjux | face="Times New Roman Star"qujryq | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurux| | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296b, EDT 604, Ëåêñèêà 145, ÝÑÒß 6, 114-117, Stachowski 163. Cf. also MK qud|urg|un 'tail strap' (Ëåêñèêà 553). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kul | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"slave, servant | face="Times New Roman Star"ñëóãà, ðàá | face="Times New Roman Star"qul (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qul (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kul | face="Times New Roman Star"qol | face="Times New Roman Star"qul (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"Gul | face="Times New Roman Star"Gul | face="Times New Roman Star"xul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kulut | face="Times New Roman Star"kulut | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qol | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"qul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qul | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 297, TMN 3, 503-505, EDT 615, Ëåêñèêà 318, ÝÑÒß 6, 120-121, Stachowski 160. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kul-kak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ear | face="Times New Roman Star"óõî | face="Times New Roman Star"qulqaq (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq, qulqaq, qulxaq (MK), qulaq, qulg|aq (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kulak | face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq (MA), qulag| (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"GulaG | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"xulax | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|lg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"kulga:k | face="Times New Roman Star"kulga:k | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulax | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulax| | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 298, EDT 620, Ëåêñèêà 204-205, ÝÑÒß 6, 124-127, Stachowski 160. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sand | face="Times New Roman Star"ïåñîê | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum, qom | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|m | face="Times New Roman Star"kumax | face="Times New Roman Star"kumak | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_m | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 299, EDT 625, Ëåêñèêà 102, ÝÑÒß 6, 133-134, Stachowski 160. Turk. > WMong. qum, Kalm. xum 'sand' (KW 196; TMN 3, 508), Hung. homok (Gombocz 1912). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumgan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"kettle, jug | face="Times New Roman Star"êîòåë, êóâøèí |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|an (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kumg|an (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qomg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|an (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|o|n | face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|an |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gumg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"Gumg|a:n (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"quman | face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qomg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|an |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumg|an, quman | face="Times New Roman Star"quman |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumman | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, VEWT 300, ÝÑÒß 6, 136-137 ( > Mong. qumag|an, see Ùåðáàê 1997, 143). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ìóðàâåé | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursg|a (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"komursg|a (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrmysqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa (Pav. C.), qumursug|a (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gumursg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"xumusxa, xymysxa | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrtas?, qumystas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qomursqa | face="Times New Roman Star"Gumurg|a:c? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kymyrdag|as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymysqajaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrt|qa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa, qumursqa, qumurc?xa |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumurstqa, qumurstqu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumusqa, qomusq@n | face="Times New Roman Star"xomursg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 628, VEWT 300, Ëåêñèêà 183-184, ÝÑÒß 6, 140-141. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kur- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to erect (a building), to establish | face="Times New Roman Star"ñòðîèòü, óñòàíàâëèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qor- | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- (AH, Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qu(r)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gur- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gur- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qor- | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"qur- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qur- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 302, EDT 643, ÝÑÒß 6, 156-157. There is also a derivative *Kur-gan (see e.g. TMN 3, 542-543), which is sometimes hard to distinguish from *Ko:ry-kan (see *Ko:ry-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sharp, hard (of steel) | face="Times New Roman Star"îñòðûé, òâåðäûé (î ñòàëè) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoryc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? (Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qujuc? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xorz/ú 'steel' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qurys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qurys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qoros | face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qurc? | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 303, EDT 647, ÝÑÒß 6, 170-171, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 367. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:rt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"worm | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðâü | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qort | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurut |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gurd | face="Times New Roman Star"Gu:rt | face="Times New Roman Star"xurt |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xort | face="Times New Roman Star"kurz?|ag|a 'small parasites' | face="Times New Roman Star"kurz?|aga | face="Times New Roman Star"qu'rt | face="Times New Roman Star"qu'rt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_rt |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 303-4 (although we prefer to separate *Ku:rt 'worm' and *Ku:rt 'wolf'), EDT 648, Ëåêñèêà 181, ÝÑÒß 6, 167-168, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 367-368, Stachowski 162. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:ry-k,-gak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 dry 2 dry (crumbs, bread) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñóõîé 2 ÷åðñòâûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qury- 'to dry' (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurug|, qur 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qory 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qury- 'to dry' (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"quruq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quruq, qurg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurug|, quruq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gu:ry 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xurug| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru- 'to dry' (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quru- 'to dry' | face="Times New Roman Star"qurru- 'to dry' | face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|rúw|k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kura:naq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kura:nak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_rg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qury, qurlaj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoro 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guru, Gury 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru- 'to dry' | face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *Ku:r(y)- 'to dry up'. See VEWT 302, 303; EDT 652-3, 646, 658, ÝÑÒß 6, 154-155, Stachowski 162, 163. Turk. qu:rut 'dry cheese' > Mong. qurud > Manchu kuru etc., see Doerfer MT 131; Turk. > Hung. ko/ro/ 'dry stalk', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"soot | face="Times New Roman Star"ñàæà, êîïîòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurun (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qorym | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qorym, quryn | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurum | face="Times New Roman Star"xurun |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurun | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurun | face="Times New Roman Star"xúrúm (Anatri) | face="Times New Roman Star"kurunn/uk |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurym | face="Times New Roman Star"qurym | face="Times New Roman Star"qorom | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurym |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 206, 371-372, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 6, 169-170. Turk. > Hung. korom 'soot', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kul/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bird 2 duck | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïòèöà 2 óòêà | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 (Sangl.); 'moth' (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1; 'hen' | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus?, Gus? (< Az.) 'sparrow' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kus 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kus 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qu's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qu's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, TMN 3, 547-548; EDT 670; ÝÑÒß 6, 180-182, Ëåêñèêà 168, Stachowski 162. Chuv. xúlat 'hawk' < Mong. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyb | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 luck, happiness 2 to be happy, enjoy | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñ÷àñòüå 2 áûòü ñ÷àñòëèâûì, ðàäîâàòüñÿ, ïðåäàâàòüñÿ óäîâîëüñòâèÿì | face="Times New Roman Star"qyv 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyv 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kywan- 2, kyv 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 (Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quvo|n- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qo 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Guwan- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|van- (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"quban- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qywan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 268, EDT 579, ÝÑÒß 6, 99-101, Clark 1977, 146. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kugu | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"swan | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåáåäü | face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kog|u, kug|u | face="Times New Roman Star"qu:, qu (Áóä.); Sib. qug|y 'polar duck' | face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u (Ettuhf.), qu (Pav. C., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"quw | face="Times New Roman Star"quw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gu, Gug|u | face="Times New Roman Star"Guv | face="Times New Roman Star"xu: | face="Times New Roman Star"qu: | face="Times New Roman Star"qu: |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kuba | face="Times New Roman Star"kuba | face="Times New Roman Star"qu: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qu: | face="Times New Roman Star"quw | face="Times New Roman Star"quw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u, qog|u, quw | face="Times New Roman Star"quw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quw, qu: | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 275, EDT 609, TMN 3, 533-534, Ëåêñèêà 171, ÝÑÒß 6, 101, Stachowski 159. Turk. > Kalm. g|og|a":, g|og|a: '(Heer)schnepfe', see KW 149. On Yak. kuba see a special note under PA *ki_o\pu\. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kob- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to follow, chase | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðåñëåäîâàòü, ãíàòüñÿ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qov- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kov- | face="Times New Roman Star"quw- | face="Times New Roman Star"qov- (AH), qaw- (Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qaw- (dial.), quw- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gov- | face="Times New Roman Star"qov- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qu:- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xu-, xúv- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qu:-, qubala- | face="Times New Roman Star"quw- | face="Times New Roman Star"quw- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyw- | face="Times New Roman Star"quw- | face="Times New Roman Star"qu:- | face="Times New Roman Star"quw- | face="Times New Roman Star"quw- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quw- | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 9-10, VEWT 275, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 315-316. The Karakh. derivative qovdaq 'greedy' (although scarcely attested) is a probable source of WMong. qobdug| 'greedy', see Clark 1977, 147. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAbuk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bladder | face="Times New Roman Star"ìî÷åâîé ïóçûðü | face="Times New Roman Star"qavuq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qavuq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kavuk | face="Times New Roman Star"quwyq | face="Times New Roman Star"qavuq (AH, MA) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"GovuG | face="Times New Roman Star"Govuq | face="Times New Roman Star"xo:x | face="Times New Roman Star"qo:q | face="Times New Roman Star"ku:k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xabax |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"quwyq | face="Times New Roman Star"quwyq | face="Times New Roman Star"qywyq | face="Times New Roman Star"quwuq | face="Times New Roman Star"qawuq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 174, EDT 583. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sa(r)pan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"plough | face="Times New Roman Star"ïëóã |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saban (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"saban | face="Times New Roman Star"saban | face="Times New Roman Star"saban (IM, AH), sapan (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sapan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sapan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sorban 'plough breast' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saban | face="Times New Roman Star"saban | face="Times New Roman Star"haban | face="Times New Roman Star"saban | face="Times New Roman Star"saban | face="Times New Roman Star"saban |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sovan 'ñîõà' (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"saban, sarapan 'plough breast' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 402, Ëåêñèêà 468, Àøì. XI, 205, ÝÑÒß 7, Molna/r 2001. Turkm. dial. sa:van 'ploughfield' may point to length, but is not quite clear because of -v-. The root may have been influenced by PT *sa.p 'handle' (v. sub *se\p`u\). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sakak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 place between the neck and the chin 2 gills 3 beard, barb (of axe) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåñòî ìåæäó øååé è ïîäáîðîäêîì 2 æàáðû 3 áîðîäêà (òîïîðà) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saqaq (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sakak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"saqaq 1 (Abush., Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saqaq 1 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saqaq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sag|anaq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sug|a, sag|a (Anatri), polú sog|alú (Viryal) 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hag|aq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 807-808, ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 220-222, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 68, Àøì. IX, 279, XI, 216. There is some confusion between this root and *san|ak (v. sub *sen|a). Turk. > WMong. sag|ag|, Kalm. sag|@g (KW 308). PT *sakkal 'beard' (full list of reflexes see in ÝÑÒß 7) is a probable derivative ( > MMong. (SH) sag|al, WMong. saqal, Kalm. sax@l, KW 308; > Hung. szaka/l, see Gombocz 1912; Mong. > Evk. sakal etc., see Doerfer MT 100). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*saj | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 area covered with stones, stony desert, stony riverbed 2 shallow place, shallow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êàìåíèñòîå ìåñòî, êàìåíèñòàÿ ïóñòûíÿ, êàìåíèñòîå ðóñëî ðåêè 2 ìåëêîå ìåñòî, ìåëêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, saj-yq- 'be shallow' | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|j 1, sajo|z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sujúr c?ul@ (Anatri) 'pebble, rubble' | face="Times New Roman Star"aja:n 'ñòàðèöà' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saaryg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, sajyz, sajaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"haj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, sajyz 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 394, Ëåêñèêà 93, EDT 858, ÝÑÒß 7, Àøì. XI, 162. Yak. > Evk., Evn. aja:n TMS 1, 21; > Russ. Siber. aja/n (Àíèêèí 104). |
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