| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to hurry, run | face="Times New Roman Star"спешить, бежать | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"r- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"r- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"r-, ju"jir- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ger- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"r- (Houts., MA, AH), ju"wu"r- (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gir-, jugur- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"gu"(r)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ju"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"wu"r- (dial.), ju"gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"r-, d/u"gu"r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"hu":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"gu"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"juwyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ger- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"juwur-, z?|uwur- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"gir-, z?uwyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"jugur-, ju"'ku"r- (ССЯ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 914, VEWT 212, ЭСТЯ 4, 258, Stachowski 116. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*u:-dy-, *u:-dy-k-la- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to sleep | face="Times New Roman Star"спать | face="Times New Roman Star"udy- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ud|y- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"uju- | face="Times New Roman Star"joqla- | face="Times New Roman Star"uju- (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uxla- | face="Times New Roman Star"uxla- | face="Times New Roman Star"uzu- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u:qla- | face="Times New Roman Star"uzu- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u:_, u:. 'sleep' (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yjg|ъ 'sleep' (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"utuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"utuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"udu- | face="Times New Roman Star"udu- | face="Times New Roman Star"uqta-; ujqu (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ujyqta- | face="Times New Roman Star"ujkla- | face="Times New Roman Star"joqla- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uqla- | face="Times New Roman Star"uju- | face="Times New Roman Star"juxla- | face="Times New Roman Star"ujqyla- | face="Times New Roman Star"ux|la- | face="Times New Roman Star"uju- 'to stiffen' | face="Times New Roman Star"The form *u:dykla- is derived from *u:dyk 'sleepy', derived from *u:dy- 'to sleep', which in its turn is derived from *u: 'sleep' (preserved in Yak., Dolg. u:, Khal. u:). See VEWT 508, EDT 2, 42-3, 46-7, 49, ЭСТЯ 1, 579-581, 586-587, Егоров 342, Stachowski 247. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"ku"n- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bow | face="Times New Roman Star"кланяться, склоняться | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ken-, ju"gu"n- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"gen-, jegen- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n- (AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jukun- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"gu"n- 'to go to the bridegroom's home' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"gu"n- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"gin- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jo"go"n- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"n-, jugun- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"gin- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"n- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 913, ЭСТЯ 4, 264. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 load 2 to load, carry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 груз, тяжесть 2 нагружать, везти | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1, ju"-d- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1, ju"-d|- 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 (Houts., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"juk 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"j- 2, ju"k, d/u"k 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"k- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"`k 1, c?u"du"r- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"k, z?u"k, zu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k, juk, jik, ik 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k, juk 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 885, 910, VEWT 212, ЭСТЯ 4, 262-263, Лексика 520. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jun| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 wool 2 small feathers, down 3 feather 4 faded fur | face="Times New Roman Star"1 шерсть 2 пух 3 перо 4 линька | face="Times New Roman Star"jun| 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jun| 1 (KB), 2, 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jon 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jun| 1 (Бор. Бад.), ju"n| 1 (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jun| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jun|, z?|un| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jun|, ju"n|, jun 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"nu"n| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?um 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n|, jum, jym, d/un| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jun| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|m 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sun| 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"n| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"n 1,2,3 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"n 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n, jun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jun| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 941, ЭСТЯ 4, 267-268, Лексика 146. This root should not be confused with *ju"g 'feather' (v. sub *d[e/]gi). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"heart; courage | face="Times New Roman Star"сердце | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"re|k | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jurak | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ra"k | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rek (R., Верб.) | face="Times New Roman Star"d/u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"jirek | face="Times New Roman Star"c?@re | face="Times New Roman Star"su"rex | face="Times New Roman Star"hu"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"ro"k | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek/ | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"jyru"x | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 213, EDT 965, ЭСТЯ 4, 270-271, Егоров 324, Лексика 276, Stachowski 116. Chuv. c?- is irregular: a contamination with c?@r@ 'alive'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju":r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"face | face="Times New Roman Star"лицо | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MA, AH, Ettuhf.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"s, d/u"s | face="Times New Roman Star"ji:z | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|var 'mouth' | face="Times New Roman Star"su":s 'forehead' | face="Times New Roman Star"hu":s 'forehead' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"d| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, juz/, jiz, iz | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, jiz | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 213-4, ЭСТЯ 4, 259-260, Лексика 206, Мудрак Дисс. 154, Stachowski 117. Khalaj ji:z = Yak. su":s prove that Turkm. ju"z is secondary. Turk. > MMong. (MA) ju"z 'surface' (Щербак 1997, 196). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju":r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hundred | face="Times New Roman Star"сто | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MA, AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"juz | face="Times New Roman Star"juz | face="Times New Roman Star"juz, jo"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju":z | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"s, d/u"s | face="Times New Roman Star"ju":z | face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|r | face="Times New Roman Star"su":s | face="Times New Roman Star"hu":s | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"d| | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"z, zu"z | face="Times New Roman Star"u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, juz/, jiz, iz | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, juz | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 983, VEWT 213, ЭСТЯ 4, 260 (Turkm. ju"z), Лексика 574, Stachowski 117. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to swim, float | face="Times New Roman Star"плавать | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- (AH, Ettuhf.), u"z- (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"juz- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"z- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"s-, d/u"s- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so"tu"o" 'bathing', so"tu"o"le:- 'to bathe' | face="Times New Roman Star"ho"tu"o"le:-, hu"to"l- 'to bathe' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?uz- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"d|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"z-, z?u"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z-, u"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"z- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"juz- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 214, EDT 984, ЭСТЯ 4, 261. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 finger ring 2 joint 3 stirrup (*u"r/en|gu" < *ju"r/en|gu") | face="Times New Roman Star"1 кольцо (на палец) 2 сустав (пальцевый) 3 стремя |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zu"k 1 (MK), u"zen|u" 3 (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zu"k 1, u"zengi 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"zek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zu"k 1 (AH, Ettuhf.), u"zu"k 1 (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uzuk 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"zu"k 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"zu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zu"k 1, u"zen|n|i 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"stu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"stu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"stu"k, d/u"stu"k 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|r@w| 1, jъrana 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"hu"o"x 2, ihen|e 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"hu"hu"o"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"'stu"k 1, c?u"s 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"zu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"zik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"d|o"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"zu"k, zu"zu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zu"k, u"zu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zu"k, u"zu"k, ezik, izik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"zik 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 986, VEWT 214, TMN 2, 146,147-148, ЭСТЯ 1, 623-625, 4, 260, 261-262, Егоров 212, Лексика 548-549, Stachowski 115. Turk. > Hung. gyu/ /ru? (see Lig. MNyTK 77-79). The reason of *j- > 0- in the PT name of "stirrup" ( < *"ring-formed") is unclear (irregular change in a long form?). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o:c?ka | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 young pig 2 child, boy 3 pig | face="Times New Roman Star"1 поросенок 2 ребенок, мальчик 3 свинья |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?uq (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uk 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?uc?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?g|a 1 (Sangl.), (OKypch.) c?oc?qa (Houts.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uz?|uq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?qa 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?Ga 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:z?|uq 1 (cf. colloq. c?o:c?a 'camel') | face="Times New Roman Star"sosxa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"sosqa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?xa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?oc?qa 3, c?oc?uq jatag|y 'afterbirth'; (T) c?oc?xa 'young boy (not a Karaim)', (H) cocka 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, ЭСТЯ 4, 28, EDT 400. See Stachowski 1985 with an extensive list of material but with a strange conclusion that the word "onomatopoetischer Herkunft ist und somit durch Autogenese zustande kam". |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?om- / *c?o"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 to swim 3 to scoop 4 to immerse, dip 5 scoop | face="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться, нырять 2 плавать, купаться 3 черпать 4 окунать 5 черпак, ковш | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- = c?o"m- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?o"m- 1 (MK), c?o"mc?e 5 (MK Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?e 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- 1, c?u"mec? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 1 (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.m-(mo|q) 1, c?u.mic? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?om-ul- (pass.) 1, c?o"mu"c? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?omys? 5 (ЯЖУ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?a" 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?ъm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Федотов 2, 401) | face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Егоров 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*kepelek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"butterfly | face="Times New Roman Star"бабочка |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kepeli (MK), kebelek (Tefs.), kelebek (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"kelebek; ko"pelek, kepenek (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be|le|k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pelek (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kapalak | face="Times New Roman Star"kepile|k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ka"pa"na"k | face="Times New Roman Star"kebelek, kepelek (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"xobanax, xubanax | face="Times New Roman Star"xopax | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"lo"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xovag|an |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"po"lo"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pelek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ba"la"k | face="Times New Roman Star"go"belekke | face="Times New Roman Star"kelebek | face="Times New Roman Star"k/eb/elak | face="Times New Roman Star"go"belek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gu"melek | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 291, EDT 689, ЭСТЯ 5, 13-15, Лексика 187. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to pass, wade | face="Times New Roman Star"проходить, переходить вброд | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke/c?- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"/ec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kis- | face="Times New Roman Star"kez?-ir- 'to ferry across the river' | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kas/- | face="Times New Roman Star"kes- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ke's?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke's?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?-, kis- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gec?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 245, EDT 693-694, ЭСТЯ 3, 32-34, TMN 3, 584. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to belch | face="Times New Roman Star"рыгать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gejir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- | face="Times New Roman Star"gegir- (Pav. C.), kekir- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"keki(r)- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekirt- (ЯЖУ) | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"jir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kig@r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kegir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kagъr- | face="Times New Roman Star"kegert- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"gi:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, EDT 712, ЭСТЯ 3, 37, Лексика 232. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to come | face="Times New Roman Star"приходить | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke.l- (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l-/kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel-, gej- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248; EDT 715, ЭСТЯ 3, 14-16, 31-32, Stachowski 143. The Chuv. and Yak. vowels correspond irregularly. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ke.li | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"mortar | face="Times New Roman Star"ступка |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"keli (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kile | face="Times New Roman Star"keli | face="Times New Roman Star"keli (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kil@ | face="Times New Roman Star"keli: |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kile | face="Times New Roman Star"keli |
| face="Times New Roman Star"keli |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"keli | face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 33. Cf. also such forms as Chuv. kiz/ep 'tamper, pestle' and Bashk. ki(l)sap, kilt|ap id. Turk. > Hung. ko"lyu?, see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.lin | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bride, daughter-in-law | face="Times New Roman Star"невеста, невестка | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin|-u"n (Orkh., Coll.), kelin (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kilen | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin (Sangl., Pav. C., Бор. Бад.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin (Malov) | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"lin | face="Times New Roman Star"gelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kil@n | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"lin (ga"lin < Az.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kin, kil@n- | face="Times New Roman Star"kiji:t (*plur.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"helin, henni- | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kilen | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"gelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kelin | face="Times New Roman Star"kein, kiin (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"gelin | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, EDT 719, ЭСТЯ 3, 16-18, Лексика 302. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gele- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to woo 2 to ask 3 messenger, in-between 4 parents having espoused their children 5 a promised bride | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ухаживать, свататься 2 просить, выпрашивать 3 посланник, сват 4 родители, взаимно поженившие детей 5 просватанная девушка |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) geles?ik 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kiles?- 1, ka"la"s? 5; (Mishar) kela"- 2, (КСТТ) kla"n- 'to annoy, pester' | face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) kelec?i 3 (Qutb) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"geles?ik 4, gelen| 'attention, care' | face="Times New Roman Star"k@le- 2, k@len- 'to beg' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kalas/- 1; k@le- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ka"la"s? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?i 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kelis?- 1, kl'a-, kl'an- 'to wish, be favourably inclined' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"geles?- 1, gelec?i 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, Ахметьянов 112-114, Егоров 105, Федотов 1, 270-271. Some languages may reflect a merger with *kele- 'speak' (v. sub *k`i_a>li). Turk. > Russ. клянчить. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to gnaw | face="Times New Roman Star"грызть, глодать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kemu"r- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gemir-, kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r- (Sangl., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemi(r)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ga"mir- | face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kim@r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ru"o" 'spongy bone' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, EDT 723, ЭСТЯ 3, 18-19, Лексика 262. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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