| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*do:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"full | face="Times New Roman Star"полный | face="Times New Roman Star"tolu (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tolu (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dolu | face="Times New Roman Star"tuly | face="Times New Roman Star"tola (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tu.la | face="Times New Roman Star"tola, tolg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"tolo | face="Times New Roman Star"dolu | face="Times New Roman Star"do:ly | face="Times New Roman Star"tol- (v.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tol-dyr- (v.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tolo | face="Times New Roman Star"tu:ol- (v.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tol- (v.), tolli | face="Times New Roman Star"tuol- (v.), toloru | face="Times New Roman Star"tuol- (v.), toloru | face="Times New Roman Star"dolu | face="Times New Roman Star"dolu | face="Times New Roman Star"tolo | face="Times New Roman Star"toly | face="Times New Roman Star"toly | face="Times New Roman Star"tuly | face="Times New Roman Star"tolu | face="Times New Roman Star"dolu | face="Times New Roman Star"toly | face="Times New Roman Star"toly | face="Times New Roman Star"doli(:); t`oly (Kakuk); to:l- v. (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"tolu | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 486, EDT 491-492, ЭСТЯ 3, 257-259, Федотов 2, 242-243, Stachowski 226, 231. PT *do:l-y is derived from *do:l- 'to get filled'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dolu | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hail | face="Times New Roman Star"град | face="Times New Roman Star"toly (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"toly (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"dolu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toly (MA), tolu (Sangl., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"du.li | face="Times New Roman Star"toly (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dolu | face="Times New Roman Star"doly, (А-Б) do:ly | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|-dol (ton|- 'frozen') |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to^ly |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tolon | face="Times New Roman Star"tolot | face="Times New Roman Star"dolu |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"doly (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tolu |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 486, EDT 491, ЭСТЯ 3, 260-261, Лексика 31-32, Stachowski 226. Cf. also *Tol/ 'ice' (Tuva dos?, Tof. do"s?, Oyr. tos? Лексика 18, VEWT 491, ЭСТЯ 3, 267). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Tomar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 block, log 2 to hack, hew 3 to break off, chip off | face="Times New Roman Star"1 кусок дерева, чурбан, бревно 2 рубить, обрубать 3 отламывать, откалывать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tomrum 1 (MK), tomur- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tomruk 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumar, tumran 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) tumar (AH) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tomur- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"domur- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tomur- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tomar 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tumyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tomuraw 1, tomur- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tomruq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tomar 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 499, EDT 509. The root should be distinguished from *dom- / *tom- 'round' (v. sub *t`o>\mu\). Turk. > Mong. (KW 400) tomurag|u, Kalm. tomru:n 'rough, loutish'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*don| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 cold 2 frost 3 frozen 4 freeze, be frozen | face="Times New Roman Star"1 холодный 2 мороз 3 замерзший 4 замерзать | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ton| 2, 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"don 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tun| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4 (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4, ton| 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tot 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"don 2, don- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"don| 3, don|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"to:-r- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|m 2 'frost' | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4, ton| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4, ton| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"don| 3, don|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"don| 3, don|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ton| 2, ton|- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 488, EDT 513, 515, ЭСТЯ 3, 265-267, Лексика 17, Stachowski 226. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dan|- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bind together | face="Times New Roman Star"связывать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (Abush., Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dan|- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- | face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- 'to put on' | face="Times New Roman Star"don|-na- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- | face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 461, EDT 514, ЭСТЯ 3, 145-146, Stachowski 216. Turk. > Kalm. tan- 'to plait, knot'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*to:r-um | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 young camel 2 a young calf 3 a goat that has yeaned early 4 young 5 a cow that has not calved yet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 верблюжонок 2 теленок 3 коза, объягнившаяся в возрасте до 1 года 4 молодой (о человеке, дереве) 5 нетель |
| face="Times New Roman Star"torum 1, torpy 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"deve torun 1, torum (dial.) 1; torbuc? (dial.) 3, (?) toru (dial.) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"to:rbaq (КСТТ) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"torum 1 (Sangl., Pav. C.), torbaq 2 (MA 126) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"topaq 2, topaq-torum 'young calves' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to:rum 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"torbax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"torboq 2, torboc? (dial. Kumd.) 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"torbos, torbuz?|ax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dorum 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"torpoq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"torpaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tana-turpaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(?) tor 'unbroken (of a horse), untrodden (of a path)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tory 'foal' (ССЯ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 533, 549, VEWT 491. Turk. > WMong. torum, Kalm. torm (KW 402, Щербак 1997, 158, Clark 1977, 155-156. The Tur. dial. dog|rum is a result of contamination with dog|ur- 'to bear'. Forms like torp-ak are diminutives in -ak (with almost always regular cluster development). Forms like Tur. torun 'grandchild', as well as Tur. dial. tor 'young' may be Iranisms (but not Armenisms, as suggested in Буд. 1, 747 - Armen. tor`n 'grandchild' is itself obviously < Iranian) - see Аб. 3, 280. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*topra-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"earth, soil | face="Times New Roman Star"земля, почва | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"toprak | face="Times New Roman Star"tufraq | face="Times New Roman Star"toprag|/q, tofrag|/q (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tupro|q | face="Times New Roman Star"tofraq, topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"durvaq | face="Times New Roman Star"torpaG | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"tobyrax | face="Times New Roman Star"tobraq | face="Times New Roman Star"tobraq | face="Times New Roman Star"turpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|pra | face="Times New Roman Star"toburax |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dovuraq | face="Times New Roman Star"to'praq | face="Times New Roman Star"topuraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"tupraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq, toprax | face="Times New Roman Star"topyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"to(:)ryx| | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *topra- 'to turn into dust, dry out'. See VEWT 489, EDT 443, 444, Лексика 99. Turk. > WMong. tobrag, Kalm. towr@g (KW 404). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*topyk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 knee cap 2 knee 3 ankle-bone | face="Times New Roman Star"1 коленная чашечка 2 колено 3 лодыжка | face="Times New Roman Star"topyq 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"topyq 3 (MK), 1 (KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"topuk 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tubyq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) topuq (Houts., AH) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"to.piq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"topuq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"to:q 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"topuG 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"topuq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tomyx 1, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"topuq, tomuq 1, 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tobuk 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tobuk 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dowuq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"to'puq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"topuq, tomuq 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tobyq 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tobyq 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tubyq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tobuq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"topuq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tobuq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tobyq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tobuq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 437-8, Лексика 286, Stachowski 224. Both Ra"sa"nen and Clauson derive this word from PT *top 'pellet, round thing', but this is not likely because of external evidence. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dogra- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to cut into slices, small pieces | face="Times New Roman Star"резать ломтиками, кусочками |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tog|ra- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do:ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tura- | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|ra- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.g|ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"torg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"doGra- | face="Times New Roman Star"doGra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|yra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"torg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"tura- | face="Times New Roman Star"to:rot- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do:ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"do:ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tu:ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tura- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuwra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tura- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuwra- | face="Times New Roman Star"dora- | face="Times New Roman Star"doGra-, tuvra- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuwra- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tuwra- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 472, ЭСТЯ 3, 248-249, Ашм. XIV, 151, Федотов 2, 251. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*to":r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"honorary place in the house | face="Times New Roman Star"почетное место в юрте | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r (KB), to"re (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"r (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r (Pav. C.), to"re (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"(r) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r, tu"ri | face="Times New Roman Star"do"r (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to":r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"do"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 494, EDT 528-529, TMN 2, 607, Лексика 514. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"four | face="Times New Roman Star"четыре | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"(r)t | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt, tu"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rd | face="Times New Roman Star"do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|vadъ | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"{do"rt} | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 534, VEWT 495, ЭСТЯ 3, 284-286, Stachowski 235. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*to"r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 foundation, root 2 origin, ancestors | face="Times New Roman Star"1 корень 2 происхождение, основание, род, предки | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (MK, KB) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z 1 ('root of the ear' - Sangl.), 2 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 'original spirits', to"s-te- 'to lay ground' | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2, to"s-tu"k 'tree trunk' | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2; 'shrub; original spirits' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"re 'object of dedication; spirit' | face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s 1, 2, 'shrub' | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s, to"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z, to"s 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 495, TMN 2, 612, EDT 571, Лексика 109, Федотов 2, 264, Stachowski 228. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do"l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"mountain slope | face="Times New Roman Star"склон горы |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"do"s? (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tu.s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do"s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"do"'s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 287. The root should be kept distinct from *do":l/ 'breast' q. v. sub *t`o:l/i (see Щербак 1970, 197). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do"l/e- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to spread out (as mat) 2 mat, mattress | face="Times New Roman Star"1 расстилать (циновку) 2 циновка, подстилка, тюфяк | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2, (?) to"let 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?e- 1, do"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?@- 1, tu"s?@k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 (Sangl., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.s?ak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?a"k, c?u"s?a"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"sek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?a"- 1, do"s?a"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?e- 1, du"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"ze- 1, to"zek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z?e- 1, to"z?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z?o"- 1, to"z?o"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z?ek 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"do"z?e- 1, do"z?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"'he-n- 1, to"'hek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?o"- 1, to"s?o"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"so"- 1 (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"se- 1, to"sek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?@- 1, tu"s?@k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?e- 1, do"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"se- 1, to"sek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 494, 561, 563, VEWT 495, TMN 2, 617, ЭСТЯ 3, 333-335. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*To"gen | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 brand 2 tinder | face="Times New Roman Star"1 головня 2 трут |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"gu"n (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) do"gu"n 'tattoo' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"gen (Abush., Sangl.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to"o"n 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"n 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do":n 'wick' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 484. Turk. > WMong. to"gene, Khalkha to":n, Kalm. to":n@, Dag. tu@n 'cauterization' (L 832, KW 408, MGCD 643). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Tug | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"dam, fish trap | face="Times New Roman Star"запруда, верша | face="Times New Roman Star"tug| (Orkh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tug| (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tug| | face="Times New Roman Star"tug| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tu: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dug|-da- 'to make a partition' | face="Times New Roman Star"dug| | face="Times New Roman Star"tuq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dial. tyw |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 496, EDT 463-464, Рас. ФиЛ 175, Лексика 420. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tubn/a-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hoof | face="Times New Roman Star"копыто |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tujag| (MK), tujnaq (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"dujnak | face="Times New Roman Star"tojaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tuwaq (Sangl., Abush.), (MKypch.) tujaq (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"tujo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"tuwaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujag|, tyjyg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tojnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujg|ax | face="Times New Roman Star"tujg|aq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujg|aq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tuj ax | face="Times New Roman Star"tun/ak | face="Times New Roman Star"dujug| | face="Times New Roman Star"dujug| (Рас. ФиЛ), tujug| | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tojaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq, dojnaq (< Turkm.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c'ynag| (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 499-500, EDT 519, Лексика 147, Stachowski 230. Chag., Uygh. tuwaq point to a labial *-b- in the stem, while Yak. -j- and -j- in other languages - to *-n/-: these reflexes can only be reconciled if we accept a cluster like *-bn/- in the protoform (perhaps a contraction < *tupi-nak or sim.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dul(k) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"widow, widower | face="Times New Roman Star"вдова, вдовец | face="Times New Roman Star"tul (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tul (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dul | face="Times New Roman Star"tu>l | face="Times New Roman Star"tul (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dul | face="Times New Roman Star"dul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tъlъx 'orphan' | face="Times New Roman Star"tula:jax 'orphan' | face="Times New Roman Star"tula:jak 'widow; orphan' | face="Times New Roman Star"dulg|ujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tulg|un/aq | face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tu>l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu>l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 490, VEWT 497, ЭСТЯ 3, 292-293, Лексика 293, Ашм. XIV, 258-259, Федотов 2, 189, Stachowski 230. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 cold 2 cold, flu | face="Times New Roman Star"1 холодный 2 простуда | face="Times New Roman Star"tumlyg| 1 (OUygh.), tumag|u 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tum, tumlyg| 1 (MK), tumag|u (MK) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dumag|, duma 2, (Osm.) tumlu 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tomaw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumaq 2 (MA) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tumu 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"du"mev 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tymo 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tymny: 1, tumu: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tymny: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"duma: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tuma: 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 498, EDT 503, 505, 506, ЭСТЯ 3, 326, Лексика 14-15, Stachowski 238. Turk. > WMong. tomug|u, Khalkha tomu: 'influenza'. A probable derivative is Turk. *duman 'fog' (ЭСТЯ 3, 295-296, Лексика 33, Stachowski 230), see TMN 2, 568. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tum- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hat, cap 2 snout 3 beak 4 nose | face="Times New Roman Star"1 шапка 2 морда 3 клюв 4 нос | face="Times New Roman Star"tomag|a 1 (OUygh. - XIV ), tums?uq 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tums?uq 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"toms?uk 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumaq 1 (КСТТ), toms?yq 3, (КСТТ) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumaq 1 (Pav. C.), tums?uq (MA, Abush.) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumo|q 1, tums?uq 2, 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumaq 1, tums?uq 2, 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"tymsyq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tums?uq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumzux 2, 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"tunc?uq 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tubaq 1 (Leb.), tumc?uq 2, 3, 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tumus 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumus 'cape' | face="Times New Roman Star"dumc?uq 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"tun'c?uq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumaq 1, tums?uq 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tymaq 1, tumsyq 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tumsyq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toms?oq 2, 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tumaq 1, tumsyq 2, 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 499, TMN 2, 642, EDT 509-10, Лексика 216, 483, Radloff 3, 1518, Stachowski 230. |
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