| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*em- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"now | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåé÷àñ | face="Times New Roman Star"emti (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"imdi | face="Times New Roman Star"indi> | face="Times New Roman Star"imdi (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"a"mdi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"indi | face="Times New Roman Star"indi, s?-u"ndi |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"emdi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"@nd@ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"emi, endi | face="Times New Roman Star"endi> | face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"indi> | face="Times New Roman Star"endi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"endi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 156-157, VEWT 41, ÝÑÒß 1, 357-358, Åãîðîâ 65, Ëåêñèêà 83 (with confusion of *em- and *am- q. v. sub *a>mV). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ini | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"younger brother | face="Times New Roman Star"ìëàäøèé áðàò | face="Times New Roman Star"ini (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ini (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ini | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ni> | face="Times New Roman Star"ini (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ini | face="Times New Roman Star"ini | face="Times New Roman Star"ini, yny | face="Times New Roman Star"ini (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ini |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ini, i:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ini, ini: | face="Times New Roman Star"ini-bi: |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ini | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ni> | face="Times New Roman Star"ini | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ni> |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ini |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ini | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 170, VEWT 172, TMN 2, 226, ÝÑÒß 1, 362-363, Ëåêñèêà 292, Stachowski 126. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:nc?u" | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 fief, land and vassals presented by the ruler 2 gift, dowry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âëàäåíèå, çåìëÿ è ÷åëÿäü, ïîæàëîâàííûå íà÷àëüíèêîì 2 ïîäàðîê, ïðèäàíîå | face="Times New Roman Star"inc?u" (/anc?u) 1 (OUygh.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"inc?e 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"enc?u" 1 (Abush. 82) | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"nc?i 1 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"i:nz?|i 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"enn/ie 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"inse 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i `own' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i-li 'own' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 44, EDT 173, ÝÑÒß 1, 361-362, Ëåêñèêà 347-348, Äûáî 1997. Turk. > MMong. enc?u", WMong. inz?|e, Kalm. inz?|@ (KW 208, 296). Mong. inz?|e 'dowry' may be in fact a word of different (Chinese) origin, see Haenisch 82, TMN 2, 224, EDT ibid., and modern Turkic forms may reflect a confusion of the original form and the later mongolism. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*yn-tyk (? *e-) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to breathe heavily | face="Times New Roman Star"òÿæåëî äûøàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 'to become tired, exhausted' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"andúx- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"yndynnyg| 'panting, alarmed' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"yntyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"yntyg|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"intek- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Åãîðîâ 29, Ôåäîòîâ 1,49. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:n- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer 2 to be abashed, distressed 4 colic 5 to grizzle, slug 6 (birth) pains, labours 7 impatience 8 drag, disturbance 9 flaw, fault 10 obtuse, absent-minded 11 to torture, offend | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü 2 ðàñòåðÿòüñÿ, ïðèéòè â çàìåøàòåëüñòâî 4 êîëèêà 5 êàïðèçíè÷àòü, íåæèòüñÿ 6 ïîòóãè, ðîäîâûå ñõâàòêè 7 íåòåðïåíèå 8 îáóçà, ïîìåõà 9 óïóùåíèå, ïðîìàõ 10 ðàññåÿííûé, áåñòîëêîâûé 11 ìó÷èòü, îáèæàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"enegu" 4 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"enc?ik- 'to lose feelings' (MK, KB), enegu" 4 (MK), enit- (AH) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 1, enz?|e-le- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"entu"k- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"entik- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|ik 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 6, enc?ik 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"i.nz?|i- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"andúx- 1, 7, anzux 'dumb, sclerotic person' | face="Times New Roman Star"enn'e-lik 8, enc?i 9 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ente-le- 2, entik- 'to suffer from dyspnoea', eno": 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"enew 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 1, inte- 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"enz?|ek 'newborn' | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|yt-, inc?it- 11 (T) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 174, 184, ÝÑÒß 1, 283, Åãîðîâ 29. Doerfer (Khal.) suggests Arabic origin, which is quite improbable. Vowel length is suggested by the voiced -z?|- of the suffix in several languages. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*yn|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"dusk | face="Times New Roman Star"äûìêà, ñóìåðêè | face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir (? yn|yr) (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir (MK), imir (MK Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"inirik, in|rik (dial.), u"mez 'fog' | face="Times New Roman Star"i>n|gi>r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"mu"r, imir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"in|er, jin|yr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"mu"r, in|rik | face="Times New Roman Star"i:r | face="Times New Roman Star"i:r, ynar | face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, i:r, ynyr | face="Times New Roman Star"a"/n|gu"r, a"/n|gu".r | face="Times New Roman Star"@n@r@k; @ner 'yesterday' | face="Times New Roman Star"im 'morning and evening dawn' | face="Times New Roman Star"im 'morning and evening dawn' | face="Times New Roman Star"imir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, yn|yrt, in|irt | face="Times New Roman Star"i>n|i>r, ymyrt, imirt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"i>n|i>r | face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, yn|g|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, ymyrt |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 162, 188, VEWT 172, ÝÑÒß 1, 354-356, Åãîðîâ 64-65, Ëåêñèêà 34-35, 81, 83. Mudrak (Ëåêñèêà 83) separates forms with -m-, comparing them with Evk. umulge 'shadow'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to reach 2 to pass | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äîñòèãàòü 2 ïðîõîäèòü ìèìî | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (OUygh.) 1, er-t- (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"er-, dial. e:r-, ir- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Pav. C., AH) 1, ert- (CCum.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ert- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eris?- 1, ert- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irde:- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"er- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"eris- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 288-289, 303, Ôåäîòîâ 1,172-173. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eril/- 'to contest, challenge' (ÝÑÒß 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HY ere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. e/r- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*E:rig | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"rough, large | face="Times New Roman Star"ãðóáûé, êðóïíûé | face="Times New Roman Star"erig (OUygh.) 'wild' | face="Times New Roman Star"erig (MK) 'lively, energetic' | face="Times New Roman Star"iri | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri> | face="Times New Roman Star"iri (Áîð. Áàä.), irik (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.), erig (Qutb.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jirik | face="Times New Roman Star"irik, jirik |
| face="Times New Roman Star"iri | face="Times New Roman Star"i:ri |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"iri | face="Times New Roman Star"iri | face="Times New Roman Star"iri | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri> |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"iri | face="Times New Roman Star"iri |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 221, 222, ÝÑÒß 1, 371-372. Modern languages reveal a secondary vowel narrowing. Turk. > Hung. o"reg. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*iri- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to rot 2 pus 3 to turn sour, coagulate | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãíèòü 2 ãíîé 3 ïðîêèñàòü, ñòâîðàæèâàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"jiru"- 1 (OUygh.), irin| 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, irin| 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 3, i>ri>n 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irin| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, jirin| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|irin| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irin| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 1, 3, i>ri>n 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 3, irin| 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"iren|e 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iren|e 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, irin| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, 3, irin| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 1, 3, i>ri>n 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 3, i>ri>n 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jirin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, 3, irin| 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 198, 233, ÝÑÒß 1, 372-374, Stachowski 128. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Erin | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lip | face="Times New Roman Star"ãóáà | face="Times New Roman Star"erin (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erin (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"erin (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"iri>n | face="Times New Roman Star"iren (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"irin |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erin | face="Times New Roman Star"iri>n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erin | face="Times New Roman Star"a"`rin |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erin | face="Times New Roman Star"erin 'chin' | face="Times New Roman Star"erin | face="Times New Roman Star"eri>n | face="Times New Roman Star"erin | face="Times New Roman Star"iri>n | face="Times New Roman Star"erin |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erin | face="Times New Roman Star"erin |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erin | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 232-233, VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 292-293, Ëåêñèêà 226-227. See also notes to *Erneg 'edge'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*er- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 coquetry 2 cockering, endearment 3 cockered, beloved 4 entertainment , joke | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîêåòñòâî 2 áàëîâñòâî, ëàñêà 3 èçáàëîâàííûé, ëþáèìûé 4 çàáàâà, øóòêà |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erke (dial.) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, (dial.) irma"k 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 1, 2, 3 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erka" 1, 3, ermak 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" 3, erma"k 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" (dial.) 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ermek 4 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, erbek 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek, erbek 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@rg@n `wriggler, trickster' (Ashm.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erg|e 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, irma"k 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 296-297, 300-301, TMN 2, 181-182. The root is widely spread, although unattested in older sources; its relationship to *eril/- 'contest' (suggested in ÝÑÒß 297) is dubious. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e.r-kek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 man 2 husband 3 male | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóæ÷èíà 2 ìóæ 3 ñàìåö |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"irke|k 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erkak 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erka"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hi.rka"k 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"irgex 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"i'rxek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"irka"k 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"rkex 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 46, TMN 2, 178-9, EDT 192, ÝÑÒß 1, 297-298, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 303, 561, Åãîðîâ 30, Stachowski 46, 128. We follow Clauson (EDT 223-4) in separating *e:r from *e.r-kek. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Erneg | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"edge (of a dish) | face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé, êðîìêà (ïîñóäû) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"irna"w | face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erdo": | face="Times New Roman Star"ernew |
| face="Times New Roman Star"irne- 'to border' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ernek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 301. The root is attested late and may be theoretically derived from *Erin 'lip' (v. sub *i_a>\re/); however, the latter can also mean 'edge (of a dish)' in some languages and one can suspect that PT actually merged *Erin 'lip' and *Erin 'edge', while the form *Erneg was derived only from the latter. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slope | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàíî 2 ðàíî óòðîì 3 çàâòðà 4 (óòðåííåå ñîëíöå) > ñîëíå÷íûé ñêëîí ãîðû | face="Times New Roman Star"[ir ? er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"er, erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"er 1 (Áóä.), erte 2 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erta 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"(r)ta" 'morning' | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:r 1, erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irte 'morning' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ir 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erde 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erc?in 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ertte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ierte 'next day' | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 302-306, 369-370, Åãîðîâ 70, Ëåêñèêà 79, Stachowski 47. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:l/c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"work, deed | face="Times New Roman Star"ðàáîòà, äåëî | face="Times New Roman Star"is? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ys? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is, ys | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i:.s? | face="Times New Roman Star"@s/ | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s | face="Times New Roman Star"is | face="Times New Roman Star"i>s? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"is |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 254, VEWT 174, ÝÑÒß 1, 395-396, Åãîðîâ 66. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to spin, twist | face="Times New Roman Star"âèòü, ñó÷èòü, ïëåñòè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is?- | face="Times New Roman Star"es?- (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"a"s?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"es- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"is?- | face="Times New Roman Star"es?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"es- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 396. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*el/gek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"donkey | face="Times New Roman Star"îñåë | face="Times New Roman Star"es?gek (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?gek, es?jek (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"is?a"k | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?a"k | face="Times New Roman Star"es?a"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?s?a"k | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es?tek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az?ak |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"esek | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"is?a"k | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"ies?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 317-318, TMN 2, 65, EDT 260. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e.l/it- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to hear | face="Times New Roman Star"ñëûøàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"es?id- (Orkh.), es?it- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"is?it- | face="Times New Roman Star"is?et-; dial. (Mishar) is?- 'hear' (ÒÒÄÑ 156), (Bar.) is?e|n- 'listen' (ßÁÒ 140) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- (Abush. 63) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- | face="Times New Roman Star"es?et- (Kashg., ÓÍÑ 109) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-, pass. es?idil- | face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-, pass. es?idil- | face="Times New Roman Star"is- / ist- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"is?u"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- | face="Times New Roman Star"ihit-, pass. ihilin- | face="Times New Roman Star"ihit-, pass. ihilin- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- | face="Times New Roman Star"est- | face="Times New Roman Star"esit- | face="Times New Roman Star"is?et- | face="Times New Roman Star"es?t- | face="Times New Roman Star"is?it- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?it- | face="Times New Roman Star"esit- | face="Times New Roman Star"is?ti- | face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 51, EDT 257-8, ÝÑÒß 1, 318-319, Åãîðîâ 69, Stachowski 123. Note -d- in Runic and the voicing of -t before a vowel in Az. and Turkm. Khak. has two forms of stem (is- and iste-, morphonologically distributed, so that is- < iste-; the same historical process could have occurred with. Ku"a"r. a"s?-, Kach. es?- (R 1, 905); so the only clear evidence for the stem *el/- are Tatar dialectal reflexes (in which case -t may be a causative suffix, see Bang 1925, Zaja,czkowski 1932). Shor este- 'to hear', estel- 'to be heard' do not belong here, being derived from *es > is 'mind, memory', like Mod. Uygh. an|la- 'to hear' < an| 'mind'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/u"- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to cover 2 (door) curtain > door | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîêðûâàòü 2 (äâåðíîé) çàíàâåñ > äâåðü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?u"- 1, es?ik / es?u"k 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is?ik 2 (AH, IM), is?u"k (IM), es?ik 2 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:zi>k, i>zi>k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.s?u"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"algú, alúk 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jes?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256, 260, TMN 2, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 24, ÝÑÒß 1, 396-398, Ëåêñèêà 511-512, 517. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*it- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to push, hit | face="Times New Roman Star"òîëêàòü, óäàðÿòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"it- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"it- | face="Times New Roman Star"i>t- | face="Times New Roman Star"it- (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"itar- | face="Times New Roman Star"ita"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"it- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"it- | face="Times New Roman Star"i>t- | face="Times New Roman Star"it- | face="Times New Roman Star"it-, ijt- |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"it-, u"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"it- |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"i>jter- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"i>t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jitir- | face="Times New Roman Star"it- | face="Times New Roman Star"ijter- |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 38, VEWT 174, ÝÑÒß 1, 386-387, Stachowski 129, 254. |
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