▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to end, accomplish 2 to be ended 3 to create, build 4 to heal 5 to grow, ripen | face="Times New Roman Star"1 кончать, завершать 2 кончаться 3 создавать, строить 4 заживать 5 вырастать, вызревать | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bet- 2, bet-e|s?- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"pyt-, put- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"d-u"r- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|t- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"t- 2, bo"t-o"s?- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5; 'to close' | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"pit- 2, 4, 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, TMN 2, 267, EDT 298-9, 306, ЭСТЯ 2, 152-154, 302-303, Stachowski 68. Cf. also PT *bu"tu"n 'all, whole' - a derivative from *bu"t-. Turk. > Mong. *bu"te-, *bu"tu"- (KW 69-70, TMN 2, 268-269, Щербак 1997, 111). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of cloak 2 lap, skirt 3 used clothing 4 bedding under the saddle 5 woman's gown 6 gown 7 gusset (in clothes) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 род плаща 2 подол, фалда 3 старая, потертая одежда 4 подстилка под седло, чепрак 5 женский халат 6 халат 7 клин (в одежде) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apg|ut 'a padded garment' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aput 3, c?aprak 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1, c?apraq 4, c?abu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 (R; Pav. C. jamag|lyg| c?apan 'mended cloak'), c?abuq 2 (Pav. C.), (OKypch.) c?apg|ut 3 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|po|n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyt 5, c?apan 6, c?apy 'ornamental trimming for clothes' lap' | face="Times New Roman Star"sabyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyr 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abug| 'trimmed section on a woman's tunic' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?avyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu: 7; c?apan 6, c?apan-c?apqyt 'upper clothes', c?opqut 'quilted coat under armour; expensive costume' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abu 2, s?apan 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 'gusset-like front part of gown's laps' | face="Times New Roman Star"sapan 6, sabyw 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apraq 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 7, s?apan 6, s?obyt 'used things', s?opqyt 'rags' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyw 7, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 396, TMN 3, 47, Аникин 643. Several derivations are clearly distinguishable: a) *c?ap-gut 'upper clothes, garment' (with later development > 'used clothes'); b) *c?ap-rak 'bedding under the saddle'; c) *c?ap-an 'cloak, gown'; d) *c?ap-gu 'lap, gusset' - all clearly related to each other. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*sa.c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to scatter, spatter, sow | face="Times New Roman Star"рассыпать, разбрасывать | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sas- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a`z?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?-, c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 794, VEWT 392, Stachowski 262. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*s(i)ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hair (of head) 2 hair 3 hair (on back of head) 4 root | face="Times New Roman Star"1 волос (головы) 2 волос 3 волос (на затылке) 4 корень | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saz?|, sac? 1 (Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sas 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"s/ 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1; sac?yx| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 794, Лексика 197, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 38. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ad(b)an | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"scorpion | face="Times New Roman Star"скорпион |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ad|an (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan 'сколопендра' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, (R, Буд. - Kas.) c?ejban 'millipede' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan (Abush., Sangl.), c?iban (R - Calc. Wb., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aja:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"sajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 94, EDT 403, Лексика 64, 184-185. Turk. > Kalm. caj@ `crayfish' (?), see Щербак 1997, 111. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"resin, tar | face="Times New Roman Star"смола, деготь |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"sajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Aj-na- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to chew 2 to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 жевать 2 кусать |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ig|ne-, c?ejne- 1 (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jne|- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejna"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"jna"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:ne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"cajna-, c?ajna-, c?ejne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene-, c?a"ina"- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Рас. ФиЛ 168. Forms with t- in some Siberian languages are rather enigmatic. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?A:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"grey, grey-headed | face="Times New Roman Star"серый, седой |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'grey hair' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'having grey hair amid black hair' (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|l 'old man' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:l | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyr 'light-bay (horse); pepper-and-salt (hair)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al 'old man' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 417, VEWT 96, TMN 2, 31, Аникин 640. Turk. > WMong. c?al, Kalm. cal, Khalkha cal bu:ral 'grey-haired, roan'; Russ. чалый. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?algy 9, c?algy orag|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|i u.ro|q 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|a 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al(y)- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6, 7, c?alg|y 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 10, 7, 6, c?alGy 5, 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol- 4, s/olъk 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyn- 'to fall abruptly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aly- 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5, c?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 4, s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alqy 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alym 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 1, 4, calqy, calg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 4, c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *c?a:l- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *c?al- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 turban 2 noose, lasso 3 to plait, wrap 4 to bind by throwing the rope 5 to become entangled 6 to entangle 7 band, strap 8 to bind around, wrap around 9 to plait | face="Times New Roman Star"1 тюрбан 2 аркан, лассо 3 заплетать, заворачивать 4 связывать захлестом, наметывать 5 заплетаться 6 запутать 7 тесьма, завязка 8 обвязывать, обматывать 9 плести |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, 'flask fastened to the saddle' (Pav. C., Sangl.), 'apron' (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-(mo|q) 4, c?alma 1; band, facing | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-ma-s?- 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 3, c?als?yq 'entangled (of a rope)' | face="Times New Roman Star"salba (Sag.) 'лычко для метания камней' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 2, dial. (Leb.) c?aly- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?alba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alys?qaq 'criss-crossing' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alg|yc? 7, c?alma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alma 1, s?aluw 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 8, salma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 9, c?alman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 8, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 8, calma 1, calman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 9, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 420, VEWT 97, Лексика 395. Turk. > Mong. c?alma, salma 'lasso', see TMN 4, 316-317, Щербак 1997, 163 (although the meaning 'lasso' is not widely spread in Turkic, Doerfer suggests that it may have been the original, pre-Islamic, meaning of the derivative *c?al-ma). Note Chuv. c?ъw|lg|a- 'to entangle' - usually derived as a loanword < Tat. c?ulg|a- < PT *c?og-la-, but in this case one would rather expect c?ulg|a- - so the Chuv. form may actually reflect PT *c?ial-. The root is attested late, but does not seem to be borrowed, or a specialized development of *c?al- 'hit, chop' (as suggested in TMN). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)aly-(gan) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bush, shrub 2 nettle 3 thorn | face="Times New Roman Star"1 куст 2 крапива 3 колючка |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alag|an 2 (R - Vam.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alo|w 'ковыль волосистый' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'солянка кустарниковая' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|yn, (R) s?alg|anaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqanc?aq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alu 'eine Pflanze zum Verbrennen' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqan 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'blackthorn; thorn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, Лексика 110. Clauson (EDT 420) relates here OT (МК) c?alqan 'spread of an injury' which is not quite probable (rather a derivative from the polysemic c?al-). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться | face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble'). |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 big vessel, barrel, pail 2 basin | face="Times New Roman Star"1 большой сосуд, бочка, чан, кадка 2 бассейн, яма для стока воды | face="Times New Roman Star"c?opun 1 (OUygh., late - Suv.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?opul 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sapc?aq (AH) (OKypch.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saban, sapc?ax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/o"ps/e 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sabaraj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?opulaq 'spoon' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sapsaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"capcaq, c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 'wooden vessel for shaking up milk' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, ДТС 153, Егоров 223,Федотов 2, 148-149. Forms with -u- in the second syllable demonstrate vowel assimilation (c?opu- < *c?apu-). External parallels strongly suggest that the word is not derived from *c?ap- 'hit', but is an original noun. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2, c?apla 3, c?apa 4, c?apak 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 6, 1, c?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|p- 5, 7, c?o|pqi 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqu 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p- 1, 5, 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2, c?apGy 4, c?apGyr 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, 5, 6, saxpy, sapxy 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 6, s?apqy 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqy 10, 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/up- 1, 11, s/opkas/ 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"saba:- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 2, s?ap-ta- 15 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-ty 17, s?apty-la- 16 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 7, 1, c?apqy 4, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap/b- 6, 5, 1, sapqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ab- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apanaq 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"cap- 1; c?ap- 1, 5, c?apa 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-, c?a'- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, c?apg|y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Егоров 203, 219, Федотов 2, 85, 137-8, Ашм. XII, 247-249. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to plaster 2 eye pus 3 to puncture (a tumour, furuncle) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 мазать, залеплять, обмазывать 2 глазной гной 3 прокалывать (опухоль, нарыв) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apak 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?api- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-li- 1, c?apaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/op- 'заворачивать пирог' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 'to pour water and stamp (ground)'(?) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-ta- 1, c?abaq-ta- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-ta- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-s?a-la- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(aq) c?ap- 'to blanch, pipeclay' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Ашм. XII, 248. Turk. > Hung. csipa 'eye pus' (<*c?apag|), see Gombocz 1912. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)ak- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to strike fire 2 flint, fire steel | face="Times New Roman Star"1 высекать огонь 2 кремень, огниво | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ak- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (Sangl.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq-tas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yn 'spark' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|-/saq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ia:k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 time, measure 2 precisely, exactly | face="Times New Roman Star"1 время, пора 2 точно, впору | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 (late OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) c?aq 'when (conj.)' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|q 1, c?o|qum 'certainly' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:G 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 1, sag|a 'about (the time when, the size of)' | face="Times New Roman Star"haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagyna 'while' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, s?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, c?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:q, c?aq 'up to' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| (K), caq (H) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Егоров 327, Лексика 67, EDT 404, ДТС 139, Федотов 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. c?ag|, Uygh. c?ag| or Tof. s?ag| 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 plane tree 2 gooseberry 3 asp tree 4 a k. of poplar | face="Times New Roman Star"1 платан 2 крыжовник 3 осина 4 вид тополя |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?arun (MK) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?arc?aj 2 (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?arlan 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar terek 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, EDT 430, Дмитриева 1972, 186. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ubar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"variegated | face="Times New Roman Star"пестрый |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?uwar |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118-119. Note however that most of the forms listed in VEWT actually reflect PT *c?opur (v. sub *s?op`e/), so the root *c?ubar appears to be very late and local. |
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?epil/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"a half-year or 1-year-old kid | face="Times New Roman Star"(полу)годовалый козленок |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?epis? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?epis?, c?epic? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivic? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"pis? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebis? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apis? ( < Az.?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebic? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?emic? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebic? | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 399, Щербак 1961, 120. Cf. also Chag. c?iber 'mountain goat' (R). The reflex -b- in Turkm. and Uygh. may be an indication of original vowel length (?) Shcherbak's hypothesis of the word being borrowed < Iranian is dubious; Pers. c?apis?, c?apus? itself may well be borrowed < Turkic. In any case, the Persian form cannot be a regular IE match for Lat. caper. Cf. WH 1, 157, sub caper: "Np. c?apis?...lautlich unmo"glich"; indeed, Common Iranian -p- (< IE -p-) > Mod. Pers. and NW-Iran. -b-, in exceptional cases -v- (Расторгуева ЗИФ 114-115); a parallel for caper may perhaps be found in Sak. cau_, Osset. ca"v 'goat' (see Аб. 1, 307, Bailey 105). One should mention the problematic "Wanderformen" Rum. cap, Alb. tsap, Ital. dial. cappo, Crim.-Goth. stap, Slav. *ca//pъ 'he-goat'; cf. also Oyr. c?a:p 'one year-old roebuck' ( < Mong.?). See Трубачев 1960, 89-90, Orel 47 with literature; note especially Hubschmid's (1954, 49) hypothesis of the Turkic origin of this Wanderwort. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,