| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*apaka | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 Alnus fruticosa; Labrador tea 2 a k. of fern | face="Times New Roman Star"1 вид ольхи; багульник 2 вид папоротника |
| face="Times New Roman Star"apa bas?y 'Cannabis sativa, it is a plant which grows like Cucumis sativus and has a thorny stern, it is eaten in the mountains' (MK Qypch.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uba-zarri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 1, Попов 1986, 92. OT and Chuv. reflect a folk etymology (confusion with apa 'bear'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a>ba | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"poison; evil | face="Times New Roman Star"яд; досада, гнев |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"aba; aba-r- 'to be angry' | face="Times New Roman Star"abala:- 'to be angry' | face="Times New Roman Star"o: 'poison; ferret's musk' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 9, Рясянен 1955, 67, ЭСТЯ I 67, Stachowski 27. The root is very close to another one, *a:gu (v. sub *a:/gi), with the same meaning; the reflexes may be phonetically distinguished in Yak. and Tuva (Tuva *agu > a:, cf. Tof. a: 'poison'), in other languages the two roots must have coincided. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)am | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"vulva | face="Times New Roman Star"vulva |
| face="Times New Roman Star"am (MK - Oghuz, Kypch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"am | face="Times New Roman Star"am (Буд. 1, 90) | face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) am (CCum., AH, At-Tuhf.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"am |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"am (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:%m |
| face="Times New Roman Star"abas 'vulva'; amanax 'fat in the groins of cows, horses' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"am (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"am (R) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 18, EDT 155, R 1 643. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*apac?y, *apaky | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bogy 2 figure set up to avert the evil eye 3 idol | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бука 2 фигурка для отвода сглаза 3 идол |
| face="Times New Roman Star"abac?y 1, abaqy 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"apaq, abaq 'jinn, ghoul' (dial.), 'fool' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) abaq 'doll' (Houts., At-Tuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|pa-lar 'female evil ghosts' (lit. "elder sisters") |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"aba:hy 'evil ghost' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"abac?y 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"abaq, abax 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 1, 2, EDT 6, 8. Quite dubious is the hypothesis (see Аникин 71, TMN 4, 307-310, Clark 1977, 127) of the Turkic forms being borrowed from Mong. abug|аc?i 'receiver' (all the more so because the Bur. form is not aba:s?a, but abags?a, i. e. reflecting -g-, not -g|-). See a detailed discussion in Stachowski 2001. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:ka | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 elder brother; elder uncle; father; grandfather 2 respectful address 3 elder | face="Times New Roman Star"1 старший брат; старший дядя; отец; дедушка 2 почтительное обращение 3 старший | face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1 (OUygh., from I-t half of XIII century, see ДТС) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1 (Oghuz-nama), ag|a 1 (Abush.), aqa (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|a 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1,2, qyz ag|a 'тесть' (ЯЖУ 11, 13) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:Ga 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1 ('father's father') | face="Times New Roman Star"aqqa 'father's father' | face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1 ('father'), 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aga 'father' | face="Times New Roman Star"aqy 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|aj 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 2 (K), ag|a 2, 3 (K, T) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 13, ЭСТЯ 1, 70-71, 121-122, Лексика 291, Stachowski 28. Note the expressive gemination of the medial -k- in Tuva and elsewhere. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ac?y- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 precious gift; wellbeing 2 to tend, make comfortable, be favourable 3 to pity, have compassion | face="Times New Roman Star"1 драгоценный дар; благосостояние 2 быть благоприятным, благосклонным, ухаживать 3 жалеть, иметь сострадание | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| 1, ac?yn- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ahyn- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ahyn- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 22, 29, ЭСТЯ 1, 92 (together with *ia:c?y- 'bitter'), Stachowski 29. Turk. > WMong. ac?ug| 'wages, rent' (L 8). In modern languages the root tends to be confused with *ia:c?y- 'bitter, bitterness' (v. sub *p`i_a:/c?`o), thus the Oghuz voicing may be a result of secondary contamination and not due to original vowel length; but the two roots are rather well distinguished in Old Turkic, see EDT ibid. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ia:c?y-g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bitter, acid | face="Times New Roman Star"горький, кислый | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?c?i, o|c?c?i (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z?|y, a:z?|yg| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ac?u | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:c?ug|, ha:c?uq | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z/@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ahy: | face="Times New Roman Star"ahy: | face="Times New Roman Star"az?yg| | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|yg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"as?s?y | face="Times New Roman Star"as?y | face="Times New Roman Star"asy | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|i | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y, ac?y | face="Times New Roman Star"as?s?y | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z?|y | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?c?y | face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 89-93, Егоров 82, Мудрак 115, Stachowski 30. In most languages also attested as a verbal stem *ia:c?y- 'to become bitter, sour'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ar/yg | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fang | face="Times New Roman Star"клык | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"azy | face="Times New Roman Star"azaw | face="Times New Roman Star"azu (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|ziq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azy | face="Times New Roman Star"azy | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azyj | face="Times New Roman Star"azu, azu: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ora > Mari ora-puj 'id.' | face="Times New Roman Star"ahy:, dial. yhy: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azu: | face="Times New Roman Star"azuw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ad|aw | face="Times New Roman Star"azaw |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"azuw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"azuw | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 33, ЭСТЯ 1, 96-98, Лексика 229. Turk. > Mong. *az?|ug| (ac?ug| in Uygh. script, see Clark 1980, 41). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*an/ak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 pot, cup 2 hole; mouth 3(river) mouth | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сосуд, чашка 2 отверстие; рот 3 устье (реки) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajak 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|jo|q 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajak 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"aj ax 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"an/a, an/ak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 11, ЭСТЯ 1, 105, TMN 2, 171-2, EDT 270, Stachowski 34. Turk. > Mongor ajaG 'paquet' (SM 16), ZM ajo|:q (14-2a); > Russ. Siber. aja/k (Аникин 104). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*saj | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 area covered with stones, stony desert, stony riverbed 2 shallow place, shallow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 каменистое место, каменистая пустыня, каменистое русло реки 2 мелкое место, мелкий | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, saj-yq- 'be shallow' | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|j 1, sajo|z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sujъr c?ul@ (Anatri) 'pebble, rubble' | face="Times New Roman Star"aja:n 'старица' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saaryg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, sajyz, sajaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"haj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, sajyz 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 394, Лексика 93, EDT 858, ЭСТЯ 7, Ашм. XI, 162. Yak. > Evk., Evn. aja:n TMS 1, 21; > Russ. Siber. aja/n (Аникин 104). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Aj- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to revolve, rotate, go round 2 to tarry 3 to lead, lead round 4 to speed up 5 to drive | face="Times New Roman Star"1 вращаться, вертеться, обходить 2 мешкать 3 кружить, водить 4 ускорять 5 гнать |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ajla-(n)- 1, ajlak 'шатающийся без дела' | face="Times New Roman Star"@jl@n- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajla- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajn-yt- 4, ajla-, @jl@- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajla- 1, ajda- 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ajgy-s-yn- 'to tarry; to go, visit frequently' (*ajyg-ys?-yn-) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1, ajda- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajda- 5, ajnal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajla-, ajlan- 1, (h)ajda- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajlan- 'to move, visit' | face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 106-107, 109-110. The forms meaning `rotate, go round, walk in circles' are hardly connected with aj `moon'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)an/yg | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sin, evil | face="Times New Roman Star"грех, зло | face="Times New Roman Star"an/yg| (Orkh., OUygh.), ajyg| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyg| (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ajy: | face="Times New Roman Star"an/y: |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 20, EDT 182, ЭСТЯ 1, 113, Stachowski 34. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:la | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"variegated | face="Times New Roman Star"пестрый | face="Times New Roman Star"ala (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ala (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"o|la | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"a:la | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"hala-bula | face="Times New Roman Star"ola | face="Times New Roman Star"ala |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-z?|a | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 126, VEWT 15, ЭСТЯ 1, 129-130, TMN 2, 95-97, Федотов 2, 274, Лексика 607. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ala-n / *ala-n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"level ground, plain | face="Times New Roman Star"равнина |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alan, dial. ala | face="Times New Roman Star"alan | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, a:la |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"olъx | face="Times New Roman Star"ala:s, aly: | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn, aly: | face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q, alandy |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 147, ЭСТЯ 1, 134-135, Федотов 2, 277, Stachowski 32, 33. Length in the Turkm. variant a:la is not clear. Yak. ala:s > Russ. Siber. ala/s (Аникин 80-81). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become weak 2 bad 3 to be vile (of a man), to turn septic (of a wound) 4 weak, inferior 5 upset 6 old, worn-out 7 crazy 8 lazy man 9 to hurry 10 fool 11 to go mad 12 to deceive 13 perplexed 14 dumb, foolish 15 doubt, surprise 16 error 17 be in doubt, perplexed 18 absent-minded, unattentive 19 weakness | face="Times New Roman Star"1 слабеть 2 дурной 3 быть подлым (о человеке), воспаляться (о ране) 4 слабый, худший 5 расстроенный 6 старый, изношенный 7 безумный, ошалелый 8 лентяй 9 торопиться 10 дурак 11 сходить с ума 12 обманывать 13 растерянный 14 глупый, простоватый 15 сомнение, удивление 16 ошибка 17 сомневаться, сбиваться, путаться 18 рассеянный, невнимательный 19 чахлость, немощь | face="Times New Roman Star"alan|-a-d- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 2 (MK), alyq- 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"alyk, (Osm.) alu 4, alaz, alyz 4 (dial.), alkyn 5 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-ma 2, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"aluq 7 (Abush. 27) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alaq, alan| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ac? 8 (ЯЖУ 14) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al-n|-a-sa- 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 10, alas 5, al-yn-, al-ax- 11, (caus.) 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"al-aq-tyr- (caus. from *al-aq-) 12, al-aq-qan 13, alyg| 10, al-yn- 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"ala: (< alag|) 14, alu (< alyg|) 10, alan| 15, alg|as 5, al-yn- 11 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alg|as 16 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q- 17, alan| 15 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, alag|-dy 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-n|-g|a-s-ar 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"alama 2, 6, al-jawu 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn- 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyq 7, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"alas 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 16-17, TMN 2, 116, EDT 129, 138, 149, ЭСТЯ 1, 132, 145-146, Clark 1977, 128. See also Oghuz *al-c?ak sub *a>l 'below'. Tends to contaminate with *a:l 'red' and *a:la 'variegated', cf. Uygh. al-ga"da"n 'nai've' ('red nape'), Turkm. a:la-samsyk 'foolish' ('variegated fool'), Bashk. al-jot 'fool' ('red fellow'). KW 7. Turk. *algaz > MMong. alg|asa- 'faul, nachlassig sein' (SH), then Mong. > Kirgh., KBalk., Kum. alg|asa(r)-, Nogh. alas-la-r- 'to become embarrassed', (Karaim) 'to be scared' etc. Despite Sevortyan, Tokharian A a:la:s 'iners, ignavus' (Poucha 27), B ala:s- 'be sick' (Sieg-Siegling 91) not < Turk., but < Sanskr. alasa. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a.lky- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to bless, praise 2 blessing, praise 3 curse | face="Times New Roman Star"1 благословлять, восхвалять 2 благословение, хвала 3 проклятие, проклинать | face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- (OUygh.) 1, alqys? (OUygh., Yen.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alkys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|lqis? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqis? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alGys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|an 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|a:- 1, alg|y: 2 ( < Tuva) | face="Times New Roman Star"alga:- 'to shamanize' ( < Tuva) | face="Times New Roman Star"a'lg|ys? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1, alqys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2; alqa- 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 137-138, EDT 137-138, Егоров 343, Stachowski 31, Мудрак Дисс. 181 (regarding the Yak. form as borrowed < Tuva because of its vocalism). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 lower side, below 2 (as adj.) being below , lower | face="Times New Roman Star"1 низ, нижняя сторона 2 нижний | face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (Yen. ПМК 90, OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (MK, IM), alt 1 (\X<1.193>Tefs.\x) | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (dial., ЯБТ 126) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 (ЯЖУ 14) | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ald 1, altyg|y 2; alty 1 {(Баск. Туба)} | face="Times New Roman Star"a[:]lt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"old(ъ) 'gusset' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a'ldy 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"aldyn 'в низовье реки' (Рас. ФиЛ 153) | face="Times New Roman Star"ald(y) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (K) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 14, ЭСТЯ 1, 140-141, Stachowski 32. VEWT confuses (after Bang and Brockelmann) the roots *al- 'below' and *a:l 'front'. They are indeed mixed in Kirgh. and Oyr. lit., where we have ald 'front, below', but are distinguished in dialects (Tuba: ald 'front', with a voicing in the consonant cluster after an old long vowel, but alty 'below'). The Chuv. form probably goes back to the compound *koltuk alty 'axillary concavity, gusset' (attested in Tur., Gag., Az., see Дыбо 154). Most languages reflect *al-ty- (the simple form al is not attested, see the discussion in EDT 121), but the reality of the root *a>l is proved by a different derivative in Yakut. Cf. also Sib.-Tat. alas?a 'low, low place' (КСТТ 100). Another possible old derivative in -c?ak may be PT *al/(c?)ak (Karakh. as?aq, Turkm. as?a:q etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 214-215) 'below, bottom part; low, humble': its traditional derivation from *a:l/- 'to cross (a mountain)' is unsatisfactory both phonetically and semantically. A certain problem is the attribution of the adjective *al-c?ak (see ЭСТЯ 1, 143-144, EDT 129). Older occurrences of alc?aq (MK, KB, Tefs., Rabg. etc.) present the meaning 'modest, humble'; cf. also Sib.-Tat. alcaq 'valetudinarian' (КСТТ 101), Turkm. alc?ak 'affable' and perhaps Tur. alc?ak 'mean, vile', alc?a- 'to offend, humiliate'. This group of forms may in fact reflect a different root, otherwise represented by PT *Alyg, see under *a:\le 'weak, tired'. Another group of forms - Chag. alc?aq 'bas' (Pav. C.), Tur., Az., Crim.-Tat. (and Oghuz texts like Korkut) alc?aq 'low, low place' probably represents an Oghuz innovative derivation in -c?ak from the root al- (which is why -lc?- did not yield -s?- here), perhaps influenced by Mong. alc?a-gar, alc?a-n 'stunted, undersized', derived from Mong. alc?aji- 'to spread legs apart'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>lp | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 difficult, hard 2 warrior 3 hero 4 brave 5 giant 6 landlord | face="Times New Roman Star"1 трудный 2 воин 3 герой 4 храбрый 5 великан 6 помещик, землевладелец | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 1, 2, 4 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.); alp-a-g|ut 2 (OUygh.). | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 4 (MK, KB, Tefs., IM); alpag|ut 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 3, 5, alpawyt 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 3 (Sngl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"alpawut 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4, albyx- 'to act as a meddler' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"olъp 5, olbut 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 'witchcraft; part of some names of spirits' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"albyq- 'to pant, stifle', alba:- 'to lapse into oblivion' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4, 5, albu:t 'hot-tempered' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 5, albyt, albyrt 'hot-tempered' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alpawyt 2, alpamys?a 5 (from Alp Amys?a, a folklore name, = Tat.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alp 'chief', alpawut 'gentry man' | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 5, albyra- 'be exhausted, embarassed' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 127-128, VEWT 18, ЭСТЯ I 139, Федотов 2, 276. Clauson's hypothesis that the reflexes of *alpawut in recent languages are the result of a re-borrowing from Mong. (cf. Lit. Mong. albag|ut (Kow. 84) < Turk.), partly contaminated with Mong. alban 'tax', is unnecessary: a semantic shift 'warrior' > 'gentry' > 'landlord' seems to be natural. Cf. a borrowing from Mong. alba-tu in Tuva, Oyr. albatu, albaty, Kirgh. albaty 'tax-payers, people'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 gentle, quiet 2 to love, desire, rejoice 3 politeness 4 beloved 5 to be quiet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 тихий, спокойный 2 любить, радоваться 3 вежливость 4 милый, любимый 5 быть спокойным | face="Times New Roman Star"amul, amyl 1, amraq 4, amyr-, amran- 2, amryl- 5 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"amul 1, amraq 4, amyrt- 'to calm', amryl- 5 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ymyl, umul 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ymrag| 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"amraq 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"havul 'good' (?) | face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|mъw|r 'quiet and grey (weather)' | face="Times New Roman Star"amarax, amyrax 'compassionate' | face="Times New Roman Star"amarak 'compassionate' | face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 2, amyraq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"amyz 'honour' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 'desire' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"amraq 'disposition, aptitude' | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 160-161, 162-163, 164, VEWT 19, ЭСТЯ 1, 59-60 (confused with abra- 'to save' < Mong.), Stachowski 33, TMN 2, 125, Федотов 1, 82. Turk. > MMong. amrax| 'sweetheart', amurag| 'friend' (IM), amraq bol- 'to fall in love' (MA), amara- 'sich lieben', amarah 'Liebe' (SH), Mgr amurag| 'friend' (Тод. Мгр. 314) etc.; but modern Kypchak and Siberian forms may be reborrowed < Mong. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sAmar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 sack, saddle pack 2 big wooden vessel | face="Times New Roman Star"1 вьючный мешок 2 большой деревянный сосуд |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"samar 1 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ampara 'налуч (колчан)' (Пек.) ? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"samar 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hamar 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"samar 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399. |
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cet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
