Salishan family: Coast Salish group (2 lists) : Query result

Number: 1

Word: all

Upriver Halkomelem: mǝ́kʼʷ ~ mókʼʷ {mékw' ~ môkw'} ¹

Galloway 2009: 312. Free root. Polysemy: 'all / every'. Adjective / adjectival verb.

Island Halkomelem: mǝ́k'ʷ ¹

Gerdts 1997: 28.

Number: 2

Word: ashes

Upriver Halkomelem: šxʷ=yoƚ-tǝl {shxwyélhtel ~ shxwiyélhtel} ¹

Galloway 2009: 1050. Resultative stem. Polysemy: 'ashes (cinder-like) / cinders (heavy and dirty) / embersʼ. Secondary synonym: qʼʷɛ́ːy-cǝp 'cinders, real fine powdery ashes (light, soft dust-like)' [Galloway 2009: 64] (bound root qʼʷɛːy 'scorch, blacken near fire' [Galloway 2009: 533]).

Island Halkomelem: yǝqʷmín ²

Gerdts 1997: 40. Secondary synonym: qʼʷɛ́ʔcǝp [Gerdts 1997: 40].

Number: 3

Word: bark

Upriver Halkomelem: pʼɛl-y-íːws ~ pʼǝl-y-íws {p'alyíːws~ p'alyíws~ p'elyíws} ¹

Galloway 2009: 402. Derived form. Meaning glossed as 'bark (of any tree)'. The last two morphemes should probably be analyzed as -ǝy 'bark, covering, plant' + -íːws 'on the body, skin, covering'.

Island Halkomelem: pʼǝliʔ ¹

Gerdts 1997: 52.

Number: 4

Word: belly

Upriver Halkomelem: kʼʷǝ́lːe ~ kʼʷǝ́le {kw'él:a ~ kw'éla} ¹

Galloway 2009: 182. Probably a nominal root. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'.

Island Halkomelem: kʼʷǝle ¹

Gerdts 1997: 13. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'.

Number: 5

Word: big

Upriver Halkomelem: híkʼʷ {híkw} ¹

Galloway 2009:101. Free root. Polysemy: 'be big / be large / be high (of floodwater)'.

Island Halkomelem: θi ²

Gerdts 1997: 24.

Number: 6

Word: bird

Upriver Halkomelem: maːqʷ {mó:qw} ¹

Galloway 2009: 340. Free root. Meaning glossed as 'larger bird (any kind, generic), waterfowl, duck'. Noun.

Island Halkomelem: s=qʼʷǝleš ²

Gerdts 1997: 5. Cf. also the collective plural: sqʼʷǝl-qʼʷǝl-eš. Gerdts: "There is no generic word for bird... sqʼʷǝleš is sometimes used to mean 'bird' in general, but it specifically means only the smaller birds such as songbirds'. The equivalent for 'big bird' is θiθiws ~ θiθǝws [ibid.].

Number: 7

Word: bite

Upriver Halkomelem: qʼiːkʼʷ {q'i:kw' ~ q'éykw'} ¹

Galloway 2009: 485. Root. Transitive verb qʼiːk'ʷ-ǝt {q'i:kw'et~q'éykw'et} 'bite into smth., smbd.'. Synonym: cʼɛ́m ~ čʼɛ́m ~ cʼǝ́m {ts'ám ~ ch'ám ~ ts'ém} 'bite on smth.' (bound root; meaning is related to th'ám 'chew') [ Galloway 2009: 849].

Island Halkomelem: qʼʷǝt ²

Gerdts 1997: 88. Meaning glossed as 'bite it' (transitive verb; -ǝt - is a transitivizer). Secondary synonyms: ɬišǝt 'to bite it off'; cʼǝ́mǝt 'to put it in the mouth' [Gerdts 1997: 88].

Number: 8

Word: black

Upriver Halkomelem: qʼíxʸ {q'éyx} ¹

Galloway 2009: 484. Bound root. Derived forms of the root are used as a modifier for other color terms. Cf. the verbal stem: c=qʼixʸ 'be black' [Galloway 2009: 488].

Island Halkomelem: c=qʼíx^w ¹

Gerdts 1997: 111.

Number: 9

Word: blood

Upriver Halkomelem: s=θɛ́[-θǝ-]y-ǝl {stháthiyel} ¹

Galloway 2009: 746. Probably a nominal bound root or stem. Morphological analysis: s= is a nominalizer; [-θǝ-] is a resultative or continuative infix; -ǝl may be the same as 'go, come, get, become'; original root meaning uncertain [Galloway 2009: 746]. Secondary synonym: s=calǝxʷ-ǝm {scholéxwem}, derived nominal [Galloway 2009: 46].

Island Halkomelem: θǝyʼθiʔǝnʼ ¹

Gerdts 1997: 13.

Number: 10

Word: bone

Upriver Halkomelem: s=θʼáːm {sth'ó:m} ¹

Galloway 2009: 633. Nominal root. Root θʼáːm is not attested as free form; s= is a nominalizer [Galloway 2009: 797].

Island Halkomelem: s=θʼamʼ ¹

Gerdts 1997: 13.

Number: 11

Word: breast (chest)

Upriver Halkomelem: s=ʔ=iːlǝs ~ s=ʔ=iːlǝ́s {s'í:les ~ s'í:lés} ¹

Galloway 2009: 117. Derived nominal. Meaning glossed as 'chest (human or animal thorax)'; s= is a nominalizer; -iːlǝs '(on the) chest' is formally a lexical affix; the root slot is occupied with ʔ (empty root to form nominals from lexical affixes).

Island Halkomelem: s=ʔ=inǝs ¹

Gerdts 1997: 13. See notes on Upriver Halkomelem for the morphological structure.

Number: 12

Word: burn tr.

Upriver Halkomelem: yǝqʷ-t {yéqwt} ¹

Galloway 2009: 1032. Transitive verb, formed from the corresponding intransitive yǝqʷ {yéqw}. Meaning of the intransitive verb is glossed as 'burned, to burn, scorch'.

Island Halkomelem: yǝqʷ-t ¹

Gerdts 1997: 89. Meaning glossed as 'to burn it, to light a fire, to turn it on'.

Number: 13

Word: claw (nail)

Upriver Halkomelem: qʼʷixʷ-ǝl-cǝs ~ qʼʷǝ́xʷ-ǝl-cǝs {qwʼexweltses} ¹

Galloway 2009: 538. Derived form. Polysemy: 'fingernail /claw'. Morphological analysis acc. to Galloway: possibly from the root qʼʷixʷ- 'dark brown' + -ǝl (perhaps) plural or merely connective + lexical affix -cǝs 'on the hand'.

Island Halkomelem: qʼʷχalʼǝwʼ-cǝs ¹

Gerdts 1997: 14. See notes on Upriver Halkomelem for possible morphological structure.

Number: 14

Word: cloud

Upriver Halkomelem: šxʷ=ʔθɛ́t-ǝl ~ s=xʷǝ=θɛ́t-ǝl {shxw'áthtel} ¹

Galloway 2009: 745. Derived nominal; literal meaning is probably 'something for going dark' or 'something to become getting darkʼ. Morphological analysis acc. to Galloway: free root cʼɛːt '(be) dark (as at night)' [Galloway 2009: 745], sxʷ= 'something for', s= is probably nominalizer ('something to'); possibly xʷǝ= 'get, become', possibly -ǝl 'go, come, get, become'.

Island Halkomelem: šxʷʔeθǝt-ǝn ¹

Gerdts 1997: 40.

Number: 15

Word: cold

Upriver Halkomelem: xʸíːƛʼ {xí:tl' ~ xéytl} ¹

Galloway 2009: 996. Free root. Meaning glossed as 'Be cold (of water, food, weather, ground, etc.)'. Adjective / adjectival verb.

Island Halkomelem: χayƛ ¹

Gerdts 1997: 24.

Number: 16

Word: come

Upriver Halkomelem: mí ~ mǝ́ ~ mǝ {mí ~ mé ~ me} ¹

Galloway 2009: 331-332. Polysemy: 'come / begin'. Preposition / prepositional verb.

Island Halkomelem: mí ¹

Gerdts p.c.

Number: 17

Word: die

Upriver Halkomelem: qʼáːy ~ qʼáy {q'ó:y ~ q'óy} ¹

Galloway 2009: 494. Free root. Polysemy: 'die, be dead / be paralyzed'. Intransitive verb.

Island Halkomelem: qʼay ¹

Gerdts 1997: 102.

Number: 18

Word: dog

Upriver Halkomelem: s=qʷǝm-ɛ́ːy {sqwemá:y ~ sqwmá:y ~ sqwemáy} ¹

Galloway 2009: 517. Derived stem; according to Galloway, contains the bound root qʷǝm- 'soft'.

Island Halkomelem: s=qʷǝm-ey ¹

Gerdts 1997: 149.

Number: 19

Word: drink

Upriver Halkomelem: qáː-qǝ- {qó:qe} ¹

Galloway 2009: 454. Free root qaː 'water'; -qǝ- is a derivational infix. Intransitive verb.

Island Halkomelem: qaʔ-qaʔ ¹

Gerdts 1997: 75.

Number: 20

Word: dry

Upriver Halkomelem: cʼíyxʷ ~ cʼǝ́yxʷ {ts'íyxwt - ts'éyxwt} ¹

Galloway 2009: 57. Free root. Meaning glossed as 'be dry, get dry, to dry'. Intransitive verb.

Island Halkomelem: cʼǝ́yxʷ ǝls ¹

Gerdts 1997: 75.

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