Akkadian:littu (lītu) 'cow', pl. liātu,lâtu 'bovines (of both sexes and all ages)' OB on [CAD l 217], [AHw. 557]. Rare syllabic attestations of littu in lexical lists and bi- linguals are mostly late (but cf. utulša li-a-ti in Proto-Diri 278 and other passages in this list); li-it-tum šalmat 'cattle is well' in the OB letter AbB 10 189:3-5 is quite exceptional. More details see in [Stol 173-4], in particular on some relevant logograms and their readings. Cf. also lû (liu) 'bull' OB on [CAD l 227], [AHw. 560] (known from literary texts and lexical lists only; note that on some occasions l. is equated to Sum. PIRIG, together with the standard Akk. term for 'lion', nēšu). Possibly related is alû (elû) 'bull (as a mythological being)' Bogh, SB [CAD a1 377], [AHw. 39] (in lexical lists /= Sum. GU4.AN.NA/ and Gilgamesh). The word-initial a/e- finds a noteworthy parallel in the Soq. form below.
Eblaitic:lí-a-núm, lí-a-nu-um = ALIM, lí-a-tum = ALIM.SAL [MEE 4 731-2] (cf. [Civil Ebla 90]). The sequence lí-a-tum can be normalized as /liattum/ (im- plying an assimilation -nt- > -tt-) but also as /liatum/ with the fem. marker attached directly to the stem. For -ān- vs. -at- as markers of masc./fem. gender in Sem. cf. [Gelb Reconstruction 37].
Arabic:lāʔan 'taureau sauvage, buffle', laʔāt- 'vache sauvage' [BK 2 954], [Fr. IV 78], [LA XV 238], 'gazelle, antilope, neat' [WKAS l 74].
Mehri:lǝháytǝn 'cows' [JM 253].
Jibbali:léʔ (pl. lhóti) 'cow' [JJ 158]. Johnstone's remark "the plural form is m. in regard to con- cord" is interesting in view of the collective meaning of Akk. liātu.
Notes:Cf. Tgr. lulit (pl. läwällit) '(cow) with long, crooked horns' [LH 44]. The Biblical proper name lēʔā 'Leah' [KB 513] is usually thought to denote wild cow (as opposed to rāḥēl 'ewe'). [Fron. 30]: *layʔ(-at)- 'toro, vacca' (Soq., Jib., Arb., Akk.); [AHw. 557]: Akk., Hbr., Arb.; [KB 513]: Hbr., Akk., Arb.; [LS 61]: Soq., Jib., Arb., Akk. (lû), Hbr. (with discussion on possible relationship to Gez. lāhm 'cow' as well as a number of Cushitic forms).
Akkadian:lalû (laliʔu,lalaʔu) 'kid' OB on [CAD l 51], [AHw. 529]. The term is relatively unfrequent in non-literary texts (most examples concentrated in documents from Nuzi); of special interest is its appearance, with an extremely archaic spelling, in an OB list of animals JCS 31 127-148, p. 131 (ÙZ la-aḫ-la- ḫa-tum, la-aḫ-la-ú). The earliest literary attestations are in UET 6 403:2 (kīma lalîm ina mayāliša išassi 'she is shouting on her bed like a kid') and YOS XI 12:5 (uḫtammiṭ lalê kalūmī u ṣeḫḫerūtim ina būd tārītim 'it makes suffer from fever kids, lambs and children in the arm of the wet-nurse'). The combina- tion uzun lalê 'a kid's ear' is used as a plant name already in OB.
Ugaritic:llʔu 'lechal (cordero o cabrito)' [DLU 245]. In literary texts only (ʔal yʕdbkm kʔimr bph // kllʔi bt_brn ḳnh 'lest he puts you in his mouth as a lamb // as a kid into the hole of his throat' 1.4 VIII 19; ḳḥ ʔim[r byd]k // ʔimr dbḥ bm ymn // llʔa klʔatnm 'take a lamb in your hand // a sacrifi- cial lamb in your right hand // a kid - in both hands of yours' 1.14 II 15; ṭbḫ ʔalpm ʔap ṣʔin // šḳl t_rm wmrʔi ʔilm // ʕglm dt šnt // ʔimr ḳmṣ llʔim 'they slaughtered large and small cattle // fell bulls and choicest rams // yearling calves // lambs in heaps (?) (and) kids' 1.22 I 14). Also in 1.86 15, among other terms for small cattle (ṣʔin, ʕz, ʔimr). Cf. further [Del Olmo Sheep 184].
Soqotri:lúloh 'brébis' [LS 231].
Notes:Cf. also Akk. lilu 'a kind of sheep' Mari [CAD l 190] (hapax in ARM 7 263 IV 16: 1 li-lum nēpeštum 'one lamb for an act of extispicy'), compared to the present root by the editor (J.Bottéro, ARM 7, p. 250). Likely related is Arb. luʔluʔ- 'antilope' [BK 2 952], [Fr. IV 77], [Lane 2641], [TA I 412] (ʔal-luʔluʔat- = ʔal-baḳaratu l- waḥšiyyatu); in [WKAS l 49] only luʔluʔ- 'pearls' (compared to gazelles). Cf. also Akk. lulīmu 'red deer, stag' OB on [CAD l 241], [AHw. 562] (with -m suffixed) and Amh. lil(lǝ)wil 'gnu' [K 41]. [DLU 245]: Ugr., Akk.
Arabic:maʕz-, maʕaz-, 'nom gén. chèvres et boucs, espèce, race caprine', māʕiz- 'masc. et fem. chèvre ou bouc, pièce du trou- peau de l'espèce caprine', māʕiz-at- 'chèvre', miʕzāʔ-, miʕzan, miʕāz-, maʕīz- 'chèvre ou bouc' [ibid.], ʔamʕūz- 'chèvre ou bouc; troupe de gazelles ou de chamois' [BK 2 1127], [Fr. IV 192], [Lane 2724], [LA V 410-11] (v. [Hommel 243]).
Epigraphic South Arabian:Min. mʕzy (du.) 'chèvre' [LM 59]. Hapax in M 361/11: ḳny ṣ̂ʔn wmʕzy 'cattle: sheep and goats' (v. [Sima 117]).
Gurage:? Cha manzä 'fat'
Notes:Relationship to PS *ʕVnz- (cautiously suggested in [Hommel 243]) is possible though far from evident. In any case, this de- rivation must have occurred already in PS and certainly not in particular languages so that a synchronical analysis of Jud. mēʕazzē as *min-ʕazzē 'from-goats' (quite widespread in tradi- tional literature, see e.g. [Levy TW I 56]) is possible as a folk-etymology only. [LM 59]: Min., Arb.
Number:2403
Proto-Semitic:*mV(n)dīn-
Meaning:a large wild cat
Akkadian:mindinu (middinu, mandinu) 'tiger (?)' OB on [CAD m2 85], [AHw. 655]. Outside lexical lists, in literary texts only, usually as object of hunt (often among other large wild animals). The earliest attestations are in the OB Etana ССЫЛКУ (nimram mi-in-di-<na>-am ṣēru ibāramma 'the snake hunted a m. and a leopard') and the OB Izbu (šummaizbummi-di-nu-um 'if izbum is a m.' YOS X 56 III 33). For other passages and proposals for identifica- tion v. [Landsberger Fauna 83-4] и [Salonen Jagd 212-3].
Eblaitic:mu-da-ne-núm. In the monolingual list of animals [MEE 4 007], identified with Akk. mindinu in [Sjöberg 11] (with reservations). Cf. also [MEE 4 0214] (MUN.TI.LUM = mu-da-núm).
Arabic:ʔal-madīn- 'lion' [BK 2 1079], [Fr. IV 161], [TA1 IX 343] In the last source, commented as follows: waḳad takūnu l-mīmu zāʔidatan.
Notes:Akk. mindinu is usually considered to be a loanword in Assy- riological literature ('Probably a foreign word' [CAD], 'Die verschiedenen Spielformen ... deuten auf nichtakkadische Her- kunft' [Landsberger Fauna 83-4], 'ein auf -in endendes spätkhal- kolitisches Substratwort' [Salonen Jagd 212]) though no concrete etymon has been proposed so far (comparison to Elamite mintilum 'Macht' and similar forms suggested in [Thiel 55] is of course exluded for semantic reasons). At the same time, comparison to the Arb. form (proposed already in [Hommel 293]) has no obvious obstacles, either formal or semantic.
Akkadian:mūnu 'caterpillar' SB, NA [CAD m2 207], [AHw. 673]. Widely attested in lexical lists. Literary passages describe m. as an agricultural pest (e.g., Wiseman Treaties 599: kalmutu mūnu ākilu ālānīkunu mātkunu nagīkunu lušākilū 'let the louse, the caterpillar and the "devorer" eat your cities, your country and your region').
Geʕez (Ethiopian):tomni 'bedbug' [LGz. 576]. Not quite reliable since t-prefixaiton in animal names is not common in Semitic (but cf. Introduction ... ).
Notes:The following forms may be related to the present root with more or less probability: - Anc. mn in the difficult passage KAI 222A 30 discussed in No. ... (the translation 'caterpillar' is adopted in [HJ 647] and discussed in detail in [Tawil 60] while a striking similari- ty between mn ʔkl in the Arm. text and Akk. mūnu ākilu is likely stressed); - Ugr. mnm in 1.2 IV 3 (discussed in No. ...). Since the pa- leographic evidence for the last two signs is meager (cf. [Trop- per UG 244]), this equation is highly hypothetic; - Amh. ammuññǝt 'earthworm (which is active in the rainy seasons' [K 289] (also 'turtle'). - Syr. ʔāmōnā 'lacerta' [Brock. 25] (not very reliable se- mantically); note that according to [Zimmern 52] the Syr. word is borrowed from Akk. mūnu which is unlikely both semantically and phonetically.
Number:2405
Proto-Semitic:*nūb(-at)-
Meaning:bee
Akkadian:nūbtu 'honeybee' SB [CAD n2 309], [AHw. 800]. Mostly in lexical lists, see [Landsberger Fauna 132].
Arabic:nūb- (pl.) 'abeille' [BK 2 1362], [Lane 2863], [Fr. IV 349], [LA I 776] (in the last two sources, regarded as a broken plural the singual nāʔib-, possibly an artificial lexicographic creation).
Notes:Almost certainly related are the Syro-Palestinian terms for 'honey': Ugr. nbt 'miel' [DLU 317], Pho. npt 'honey' [T 219] (not very reliable, cf. [HJ 749]), Hbr. nōpät (*nupt < *nubt) 'honey' [KB 713-4]. Cf. Akk. nambūbtu 'wasp' SB [CAD n1 224], [AHw. 726], possibly a specific development from the present root with partial reduplication. Cf. Mhr. ʔāmnīb 'queen bee' [JM 24], Jib. ʕamním 'queen-bee: but understood as "king-bee" ' [JJ 13], likely to be analyzed as old compound words with the first element identical to Jib. ʕom 'grand-father' [JJ 19]. [Fron. 297]: *nūb-(at-) 'ape' (Gez., Arb., Hbr. /nōpät/, Ugr. /nbt/, Akk.); [LGz. 393]: Gez., Eth., Arb., Jib., Ugr., Akk., Hbr. (with reservations); [DLU 317]: Ugr., Hbr., Pho., Akk., Arb., Gez.
Number:2406
Proto-Semitic:*nV(b)b-
Meaning:louse, nit
Akkadian:nābu 'a louse' SB [CAD n1 40], nēbu 'eggs of a butter- fly' [ibid. n2 149]. In [AHw. 699] both forms are treated as belonging to one lexeme meaning 'Insektenlarve' (the first variant translated as 'Nisse von Läusen', the second one as 'Smetterlingseier'; note that an OB lexical attestation for the first variant is quoted). More details see in [Landsberger Fauna 126].
Judaic Aramaic:nibbā 'eggs of lice' [Ja. 867], [Levy WTM III 323], ʔinbā 'eggs of lice, nits' [Ja. 80], [Levy WTM I 104].
Syrian Aramaic:nābā 'pediculus, lens, lendis' [Brock. 418], [PS 2265] (according to [Zimmern 52], an Akkadism).
Soqotri:nib(b), pl. énbob 'nit' [NP 65].
Notes:[Schulthess 53]: Arm., Akk.; [Brock. 418]: Syr., Jud., Akk., Mhr. (not in [JM], a mistake for Soq.?).
Number:2407
Proto-Semitic:*nVṣVr-
Meaning:cricket
Hebrew:pB. nēṣär 'cricket' [Ja. 930], [Levy WTM III 431].
Tigrai (Tigriñña):ʕǝnč̣ǝrar 'grillo che di notte fa un gridio assordante; si sente solanunte nella stagione delle pioggie' [Bass. 697].
Amharic:ǝnč̣ǝrar 'a kind of cricket' [K 1252], ǝnč̣ǝrarit 'a kind of grasshopper' [ibid.].
Notes:Likely related to PS *ṣarṣar- with the same meaning (cf. No. ...), to be reconstructed as an independent PS term only if n in the Eth. forms is original and does not belong to the prefix ʔ/ʕVn- which is not uncommon in Ethiopian.
Number:2408
Proto-Semitic:*par(a)ʔ-
Akkadian:parû 'Onager, Maultier' OB on [AHw. 837]. The meaning 'mule' is ascribed by von Soden to almost all the attestations listed in AHw. One wonders for what reason an exception is made for ARM 1 132:5 (cf. the transation 'mulets' in the edition and [Durand 1997 338]). See further [Salonen Hip- pologica 74-5]. The form paraḫu 'ein Wildesel' [AHw. 827] is known from the right column of Malku ([pa]-ra-ḫu = a-ga-lum, MSL 8/2 74.41) being, with all likelyhood, a WS (loan)word.
Hebrew:pärä(ʔ) 'wild ass' [KB 961] (with an orthographic variant pärä(h) in Jr 2.24), pB. [Ja. 1213]. A widely used poetic term; the most archaic attestation might be Gn 16.12 where the enigmatic expression pärä(ʔ) ʔādām is used about Ismael (cf. also Jb 11.12, for which see [Pope 83]). Of interest is the proverbial saying Jb 6.5 (hăyinhaḳ pärä(ʔ) ʕălē däšä(ʔ) // ʔim yigʕǟ šōr ʕal-bǝlīlō 'Does p. bray over the grass? Does the ox low over his fodder?') where p. clearly replaces the usual term for the domestic ass (ḥămōr). Cf. the translation 'Does the ass bray over his grass?' in [Pope 48] and contrast Jb 39.5ff. where p. is paralleled by rēm 'wild bull'. Outside the corpus of the Hebrew Bible p. is attested in Sir 13.19 (mʔkl ʔry prʔy mdbr 'a lion's food are the donkeys of the steppe').
Arabic:faraʔ-,farāʔ- 'onagre, âne sauvage ou jeune onagre' [BK 2 560], [Fr. III 326], [Lane 2357], [LA I 121], fariyyat- 'ânesse' [BK 2 589], [Fr. III 344]. A rare term according to [Hommel 132] (cf. also [Sima 60]); Hommel quotes a by-form farā̀ ("natürlich blos wegen des gleihklangs mit fa-sa-narā̀ abgekürzt"), comparable to the Hbr. form pärä(h) quoted above.
Epigraphic South Arabian:Sab. ʔ-frʔ (pl.) 'onagres' [Robin-Gajda 116]. More details see in [Sima 59ff.] where the above translation is regarded as zoologically incorrect ('Wildesel', Equus africanus is to be preferred).
Akkadian:saḳātu 'a wading bird' SB [CAD s 168], 'Langfussvogel' [AHw. 1027]. Only in lexical lists, see discussion in [Salonen Vögel 172].
Tigrai (Tigriñña):šäḳʷat 'cingallegra; uccelino dalla coda' [Bass. 228].
Number:2410
Proto-Semitic:*sVḥ/ḫVṭ-
Meaning:kind of insect
Akkadian:saḫṭu 'a locust' SB [CAD s 67], [AHw. 1010]. Not very reliable, hapax in a lexical list (Hh. XIV 242a), reading of the first sign not fully certain ([s]a?-aḫ-ṭu).
Akkadian:summu 'dove' OB on [CAD s 380], [AHw. 1058], summatu (simmatu, šummatu, šimmatu) id. OAkk. on [CAD s 378], [AHw. 1058]. The fem. form is by far more widely attested from OB on (in OAkk. as a personal name only). Known mostly from literary texts (as the OB bird omen HUCA 40-41 90 II) and lexical lists. The masc. form is less common, again mostly in literary texts (for OB see UET 6 396:25 idammumam kīma su-mi-[i]m 'he moans like a dove'). Both forms are discussed in [Salonen Vögel 254-8].
Arabic:samāmat- 'sorte de petit oiseau semblable à l'hirondelle' [BK 1 1134], [LA XII 305].
Notes:Cf. also Arb. sumānat-,sumānā 'espèce de caille' [BK 1 1143], [LA XIII 220] (originally *sum- with a suffixed -n?).
Number:2413
Proto-Semitic:*ṣ̂Vy(V)w-
Meaning:a wild cat
Hebrew:ṣī 'animals of the desert' [KB 1020]. In stereotype passages describing desert beings inhabiting ruins of abandoned cities (Is 13.21, 23.13, 34.14, Je 50.39; ṣiyyīm in Ps 72.9 and 74.14 hardly belong here). Admittedly, there is no direct evidence that ṣ. meant an animal and not some of the mythical creatures (v. [TWAT VI 987ff.] for some alterna- tive interpretations).
Arabic:ḍaywan- 'chat mâle, matou' [BK 2 46], [Fr. III 33], [Lane 1810-11], [LA XIII 262] (v. [Hommel 317]).
Notes:Highly uncertain, reconstructible as Common Central Semitic only if the meaning 'wild cat' or similar is postulated for the Hbr. term, which is highly uncertain. Common Semitc status of this term could find an important confirmation in Tgr. č̣ǝwǝh ʔanbäsa 'caracal' [LH 628], but this comparison is problematic in view of -k in Tna. č̣uk ʔanbäsa 'animale più piccolo del leopardo e più grande del gatto pardo: lince (?)' [Bass. 939]. [KB 1020]: Hbr., Arb.
Number:2414
Proto-Semitic:*šalaḥpaw/y- ~ *šalapḥaw/y-
Meaning:turtle
Akkadian:šeleppû (šelappû, šelippû) 'turtle; a snake', šeleppūtu 'she-turtle' OAkk. on [CAD š2 271], [AHw. 1210]. Syllabic attestations are extremely rare (ЭТО ЛУЧШЕ ИЗУЧИТЬ В ГЕРМАНИИ). See further [Landsberger 118-9], [Salonen Fischerei 214, 235].
Eblaitic:ša-la-bù-um [MEE IV 47] (= Sum. NÍG.BÀD.NA). Interpreted as /šalaḥpuyum/ 'taratuga' in [Conti 67] (cf. also [Civil Ebla 90]). Rendering of the etymological *š with the S̆A sign is unexpected though not without precedent (cf. [Conti 11]).
Notes:Cf. a number of forms with z- in Arabic dialects: zǝḥǝlfa 'tortue', zaḥlīfe 'lézard' [DRS 715], zílǝḥfe 'turtle' [Maʕṣarānī-Segal 240], zilḥifa 'tortue' [Belot 295], [Dozy I 598]. [Conti 67]: Ebl., Akk., Arb.
Hebrew:šālāk 'an unclean bird' [KB 1530], pB. 'cormorant' [Ja. 1584]. Only in the dietary prohibitions of Lv 11.17 (between kōs and yanšūp) and Dt 14.17 (between rāḥāmā and ḥăsīdā).
Arabic:silkānat- 'poussin de perdix' [BK 1 1129], [TA old VIII 144].
Notes:Cf. Akk. šiliḳḳu 'a bird' SB [CAD š2 444], [AHw. 1236], šilingu (šillumgu) 'a bird' NB [CAD š2 444], [AHw. 1236] (-ḳ and -g are irregular). Scarce attestation, reconstruction not very reliable.
Akkadian:šurānu 'cat' OAkk. on [CAD š3 339], [AHw. 1282]. Textual attestations from OB (in OAkk. as a PN only). Passages in which š. unambiguously denotes a wild cat are well known (e.g. BWL 192:23 where it is listed together with nimru,middinu and lābu) whereas no context definitely suggesting a meaning 'domestic cat' seems to be known. See further [Landsberger Fauna 86] and [Salonen Jagd 250, 264].
Aramaic:Anc. šrn 'wild cat' [HJ 1193]. In KAI 222A 33, among animals inhabiting the ruins (v. [Fit- zmyer 90]).
Judaic Aramaic:šunnārā 'cat' [Ja. 1537], [Levy WT II 501], [Levy WTM III 587].
Arabic:sunnār-,sinnawr- 'chat' [BK 1 1151], [Fr. II 365], [Lane 1445], [LA IV 381]; šunārā 'chat' [BK 1 1276], [Fr. II 456], [Lane 1605], [Q II 64]. According to [Hommel 315], in later texts only.
Mehri:sǝnnáwrǝt 'cat' [JM 351].
Jibbali:sínórt id. [JJ 231].
Harsusi:sennōreh id. [JH 112].
Notes:Common Semitic status doubtful as a chain of borrowings (Akk. > Arm. > Arb. > MSA) is likely. An Akkadism in Arm. is cautiously suggested in [Kaufman 154] whereas the Arb. term is regarded as and Arm. loan in [Hommel 314]. Needless to say, Hom- mel's interpretation of the Arm. forms as borrowed from Gr. saínouros 'schwanzwedler' is absolutely impossible in view of the Akkadian evidence (critical observations on this suggestion see already in [Nöldeke Review 1269]). [AHw. 1282]: Akk., Arm., Arb.
Ugaritic:tr 'tórtola' [DLU 473]. Attested twice in 1.115 (5, 13), list of offerings.
Hebrew:tōr 'turtle-dove' [KB 1710], pB. [Ja. 1656]. A widely used term, probably partially synonymous to yōnā but attested almost exclusively in passages dealing with sacrifice.
Aramaic:Sam. tr 'turtledove' [Tal 961] (may be a Hebraism).
Notes:Not quite reliable since some of the supposed cognates are often regarded as non-Semitic loanwords: Akk. tarru < Sum. DAR (so [Salonen Vögel 151], [AHw. 1331] where Ugr. tr is also compared, however), Syr. tar < Pers. tar according to [Brock. 833]. [DLU 473], [KB 1710]: Hbr., Ugr. ПОСМОТРЕТЬ UF 2 317, 347!
Akkadian:ṣabītu 'gazelle' OB on [CAD ṣ 42], [AHw. 1071]. A common literary term, non-literary attestations are rather exceptional: note S̆À.GAL ṣa-bi-i-ti 'one (parīšu-measure of barley) for gazelle-fodder' in JCS 8 18 254:11 (OB Alalah; cf. [Firmage 1141ff.] against using this passage as evidence for the domestication of gazelles in Ancient Near East) and YOS 7 156:20 where ṣ. is mentioned as a field pest (kī maṣṣarti lapani sirri- mi u ṣabīti lā ittaṣar 'since he did not preserve what must have been preserved from wild asses and gazelles'). More details see in [Salonen Jagd 255ff.] and [Lansberger Fauna 100].
Eblaitic:za-ba-a-tum/ẓabaytum/ = DÀRA.MAS̆.DÀ [MEE 4 1191]. Identified with Akk. ṣabītu in [Kreb. 42], [Civil Ebla 90].
Ugaritic:t_̣by 'gaсela' [DLU 551]. Only as a social designation (1.15 IV 18): ʕlh t_rh tšʕrb // ʕlh tšʕrb t_̣byh 'Hizo venir a él sus "Toros" // a él trajo sus "Gacelas"' (transltion after [Del Olmo Mitos 306]).
Hebrew:ṣǝbī 'gazelle' [KB 998], ṣǝbiyyā 'female gazelle' [ibid.]; pB. ṣǝbī,ṣǝbiyyā 'deer, gazelle' [Ja. 1258]. The fem. form ṣǝbiyyā (pl. ṣǝbāʔōt) is found in Canticle only. On the use of ṣ. as a social designation (similar to Ugr. t_̣by) v. [Miller 185], [Sasson 419].
Aramaic:Anc. ṣby 'gazelle' [HJ 958]. In KAI 222A 33 among animals inhabiting the ruins. For more details v. [Fitzmyer 90]. Off. ṭby 'gazelle' [HJ 419]. In Aḥiq 120 (ky lʔ [yšʔ]l [nmrʔ] šlm ṭbyʔ lhn lmwnḳ dmh 'since the leopard does not ask about a gazelle's health but rather [wants] to suck her blood', v. [PY 47], [Kott. 205]) and Frah VII 16 (tybʔ, = āhūk, v. [Nyberg 71]).
Arabic:d_̣aby- 'gazelle (mâle ou femelle)', d_̣abyat- 'gazelle femelle; vache, brebis' [BK 1 132], [Fr. III 86], [Lane 1908], [LA XV 23]. More details on the use of this term in Arab literature v. in [Hommel 270ff.].
Epigraphic South Arabian:Sab. ṣby 'gazelles' [SD 141]. Hdr. ṣby 'Gazellen' (Ja 949/2) [Sima 168]. Spelling with ṣ instead of the etymological t_̣ is not an obstacle for comparing both terms with the present root since this phenomenon is well known elsewhere in ESA (for its orthographic rather than phonological nature see [Kogan-Korotayev 223], [Sima 168]). More details on the relevant passages (both dealing with hunt) v. [Sima 168ff.]. Unfortunately, Sima's treatment of the ESA parallels to this PS root is uncomplete. First, the etymolo- gically correct form t_̣byt occurs in R 4142/2 as an attribute of ʔblt 'she-camel' (cf. [Biella 233] and [SD 171]). Biella expli- citly connects this term with Arb. d_̣aby- in the idiom sinnu d_̣-d_̣abyi 'gazelle's age', i.e. 'two years' (v. [Lane 1908]; a short remark in [Sima 15] is hardly sufficient to refute this identification). Second, the word ṣ̂byt attested in documents written on wood was convincingly identified in RMA 55 with Arb. d_̣abyat- 'un sac, surtout pour des provisions de voyage, et qui désignerait à l'origine une peau de gazelle (ẓaby)' (cf. [LA 1956 62 22]: ʔal-ǯirāb...waḳīla huwa min ǯildi d_̣-d_̣ibāʔi). Note that the shift *t_̣ > ṣ̂ is quite common (if not regular) in these inscriptions (v. [Kogan-Korotayev 223]).
Geʕez (Ethiopian):ṭāʕǝwā 'suckling, fatted calf, young of flock, young animal (calf, heifer, lamb)' [LGz. 584].
Tigrai (Tigriñña):ṭāʕwā 'vitello di circa un anno' [Bass. 918].
Notes:The Arb. forms in -yā show a specific formal similarity to the Eth. terms. There is hardly any reason to suspect a borrowing because of the semantic and phonological (Eth. -w- vs. Arb. -y-) reasons.
