Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *abel-

Meaning: apple, apple-tree

Old Indian: abalá- m. `the plant Tapia Crataega' {`Crataegus roxburghii' (H. Ebel KZ VI, 1957:216)}

Slavic: *ā́blъ, *ā́blъko, *ā́blъkä `яблоко', *ā́blonь/*ā́bolnь `яблоня'

Baltic: *ā̂bō̂l-i- (ā̂bō̂l=) (2) c., *ā̂bōl-a-, -i-, -ia- c., -iā̃ f., *ā̂bel-, *ā̂bel-iā̃ (2) f., *ōbal-n-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *apl-a- m., n., *apl-i-, *apl-u- c., *apal-ja- n.; *apVl-dr-i- c., -ōn- f.

Celtic: OIr ubull `Apfel', MIr aball `Apfelbaum'; Cymr afal `Apfel', Corn, Bret aval `Apfel'

Russ. meaning: дерево (яблоня / яблоко)

References: WP I 51 f

Proto-IE: *ab-, *amb-

Meaning: a k. of vessel

Old Indian: ambarī́ṣa- m.n. 'frying-pan'

Old Greek: ámbīks, -īkos m. 'spouted cup', [ámbüks, -ü̆kos m. Hdn. Gramm. perhaps id.]; ámbīko-s m. (Posidon.) = ámbīks

Baltic: *ab-r-ā̂, -iā̃ f., *ab-ār-ā̂ f.

Latin: obba, -ae f. 'чаша (большая глиняная братина с широким дном для приготовления винной смеси); кубок (с широким дном и узким горлышком)'

Celtic: Ir uibne 'kleines Trinkgefäss'

Russ. meaning: сосуд

References: Fraenkel s.v. ãbrinas

Comments: Cf. *ambhor-

Proto-IE: *ad- <PIH *H->

Meaning: cereals

Hittite: hattar n. 'ein Getreide', Lyk. χɵɵase 'Heu, Futtermittel' (Tischler 220)

Tokharian: A āti, B atiyo (f.pl.) `grass' (Adams 9)

Avestan: āδū-frāδana- `grain-abundant'

Armenian: hat `grain'

Germanic: *at-isk-a- m.

Latin: ador, gen. -oris/-ōris n. `Art Getreide, Spelt'

Russ. meaning: растение (зерно, зерновой злак)

References: WP I 45

Proto-IE: *(a)denǝgh-

Meaning: to reach, to seize, to have time

Tokharian: B tsänk- 'rise, raise oneself up' (Adams 733)

Old Indian: daghnoti `to reach; to strike', dághyati `to go'; daghná- (with preverbs) `reaching up to'

Old Greek: odáks `mit den Zähnen, zusammenbeissend'; odáksō `beissen, nagen', adaksáō ~ -éō = odáksō; adakhéō `kratzen, jucken', adakhā̂i̯ = knā̂i̯, knḗthei̯ kephalḗn, psēlaphā̂i̯ Hsch.

Slavic: *dę̄glъ, *dę̄gnǭtī

Baltic: *den̂g- (2) vb.

Germanic: *ting-a- vb., *tang-ia- vb.

Celtic: *deng=, *dang= > Ir dingim 'unterdrücke'; daingen `fest, hart'; Cymr dengyn `roh'

Russ. meaning: достигать, хвататься, успевать

References: WP I 791 f

Proto-IE: *adh[e]s- <PIH *a->

Meaning: axe

Hittite: ates n., atessa- c. 'Beil' (Tischler 94)

Old Indian: sv-ádhiti- m.f. 'axe', sv-adhā́ f. id.

Germanic: *adas-an- m.

Latin: ? asser, -eris m. `dicke Stange, Latte, Balken, Tragstange an der Sänfte', assis, -is m. `Diele, Brett, Bohle', dem. assula f. `Splitter, Span'

Russ. meaning: топор

References: Tischler 94.

Proto-IE: *ag'-

Meaning: to drive

Tokharian: B āk n. 'zeal' (Adams 35), AB āk- 'lead, guide, drive' (36)

Old Indian: ájati `to drive'; ajá- m. `a drove, troop; a driver'; ājí- m./f. `running match, combat'

Avestan: azaiti `treibt, führt weg'

Armenian: acen `führe, bringe'

Old Greek: ágō `treiben, leiten, führen; ziehen, gehen'; dor., aetol. agnéō; agǟ́ f. `Transport', agōn, -ō̂nos m. `Versammlung, Wettkampf', agó-s m. `Anführer'; áktōr, -oros `Führer'; agōgó-s m. `Führer; fuhrend'; agōgǟ́ `Führung'

Germanic: *ak-a- vb.; *ēk-a- vb.

Latin: agō, ēgī, āctum, -ere `treiben, führen usw.'; agō, -ōnis m. `der das Opfertier tötende Priester'; pl. ambāgēs, -um `Umgang, Umlauf; Irrgang; Winkelzüge', indāges, indāgo, -inis `das Aufspüren (und ins Garn treiben) des Wilden', coāgulum `geronnene Milch im Labmagen der Wiederkäuer'; prōdigus `verschendend', abiga `chamaepitys'; āctus, -ūs m. `Hadlung', āctor, -ōris m. `Treiber, Darsteller, Kläger usw.; agmen, -inis n. `Treiben, Zug (der Strömung, Ruder), Schwingung (der Lanze), Marsch, Heereszug'

Other Italic: Osk triaginss `ter-agant', acum `agere', imp. actud `agito'; Umbr aitu `agito', ahtim-em `ad caerimoniam'

Celtic: OIr ad-aig `adigit'; *agnā > ān `Spiel'; Cymr, Corn, Bret a `agit'; Gaul (-Lat) ambactu-s `Diensmann, Höriger'; Cymr amaeth `servus arans; MIr āg, gen. āga (u-St) `Kampf'; *agi̯o- > OIr aige `Wettlauf'

Russ. meaning: гнать

References: WP I 35 f

Proto-IE: *ag'-

Meaning: he-goat

Old Indian: ajá- m. `he-goat, ram'; ajā f. `she-goat'

Other Iranian: MPers azak `goat', NPers azg `goat'

Slavic: *āzь `язь, бычок и др. (названия <бородатых> рыб)'; *āzьno

Baltic: *ā̂ǯ-ia- (2) m., *ā̂ǯ-k-ā̂ f., *āǯ-iā̃ f., *āǯ-uk-a- m.

Russ. meaning: скот (козел)

References: WP I 38

Proto-IE: *ag- (~ *ōg-)

Meaning: fruit, berry

Tokharian: A, B oko 'fruit' (Adams 109)

Slavic: *ā́godā; *vīn-jā́gā

Baltic: *ō̂g-ā̂ f., -a- c. (2)

Germanic: *ak-ar-n-a-/*ak-r-an-a- n., *ak-ir-n-a- n.

Celtic: OIr āirne (*agrīni̯a) Schlehe (плод терновника) Cymr aeron Baumfrüchte, eirin-en Pflaume MBret irin, MBret hirin Schlehe

Russ. meaning: плод, ягода

References: WP II 173 f

Proto-IE: *ag(')h-

Meaning: to frighten

Old Greek: ákhnümai̯, ákhomai̯, aor. akakhéstai̯, akakhẹ̄̂n, akakhē̂sai̯, pf. akákhēmai̯ `betrübt sein, trauern', akhéu̯ōn, akhéōn `trauernd, ächzend', ákhos n. `Trauer, Leid, Schmerz'

Germanic: *ag-iz- n.; *ag-an- m.; *ōg=

Celtic: OIr āgor, āgur `fürchte', nom. vrb. āigthiu

Russ. meaning: пугать(ся)

References: WP I 40

Proto-IE: *Ag'h-, *dhAg'h-

Meaning: day

Old Indian: áhar n., instr. áhnā, loc. áhan, áhani `day'

Avestan: azan-, pl. gen. asnąm 'Tag'

Germanic: *dag-a- m. `Tag'; *dōg-a-; *dōg-iz- n.; *dōg-in-

Russ. meaning: день

References: WP I 849 f

Comments: Сf. Balt.: Lith dãga-s, dagà `Schwüle; Ernte', pl. t. atúo-dōgai `Sommerweizen'; OPrus dagis `Sommer' V. 13

Proto-IE: *ag'r-o-

Meaning: field

Old Indian: ájra- m. `field, plain'

Armenian: art `Acker'

Old Greek: agró-s m. `Feld, Acker'

Germanic: *akr-a- m., *akr-ōn- f.

Latin: ager, -rī m. `Acker, Feld'

Other Italic: Umbr ager `ager'

Russ. meaning: поле (пригодный для обработки участок земли)

References: WP I 37

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