Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Nüt. ɣur-ar 'ladder'. 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. The syllable *mo- in Lezg. has regularly disappeared. In Bud. there occurred a metathesis (jumur < *mujur). The word probably meant originally 'wooden frame-like structure' (cf. also the external evidence).
Meaning:1 birch 2 poles for planking ceiling 3 wooden pipe
Lezghian:muḳur 3
Tabasaran:muk:ur 3
Agul:muk:ur 2
Archi:moƛ̣:or 1
Comment: The precise meaning in Lezg. and Tab. is "a wooden pipe for draining urine from the cradle". 3d class in Arch.
The root originally must have meant some foliage tree (not "birch" - because the meaning "birch" in Arch. is an innovation, after the word superseded the original PL *merχIʷ "birch" q.v.), which was used for making planking poles and certain details of the cradle. Later most languages started using the root only in these derived meanings (note also in Archi: moƛ̣:or "birch", but already "pole for planking ceiling" in a compound χ:at-moƛ̣:or "ceiling", lit. "cross-beams"+"planking poles").
Comment: Cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. muq̇Ile, Tsakh. muq̇Iule 'heel'. The Rut. and Tsakh. forms have a suffixed *-j (cf. Tsakh. obl. mɨq̇Iĺɨjɨ-); loss of *mo- in Lezg. is regular. 3d class in Rut. and Tsakh.
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. mɨrd (erg. mrt:a; -ṭ in lit. Lezg. is secondary, on analogy with obl. murṭu-), Tab. Düb. muč:̌u id. Obl. base *morc̣:ʷe- or *morc̣:ʷɨ- (cf. Lezg. murṭu-, Tab. murč:̌a-). The Arch. form is originally locative ("in the corner" < *morc̣:ʷe-ʔ). 3d class in Archi.
Comment: In Ag. there occurred a metathesis (as in PD); cf. also Ag. Bursh. kulum (with still another metathesis). Other comments: -i- in Tab. is secondary (analogy with the assimilated obl. stem *murkili- > murkli-), cf.Tab. Düb. murkul. In Lezg. the loss of *mo- is absolutely regular; however, in Rut. (kɨli) it occurred only on analogy with ṭili 'finger'.
Meaning:1 balcony prop 2 post,pole 3 support 4 stairs
Lezghian:gul 2
Tabasaran:murxil 1
Agul:murxil 2
Rutul:mɨxɨl 2
Archi:moʎ:ol 3
Udi:muχ 4
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. gɨl 'post, pole'. 3d class in Arch. and Rut. In Arch. the word is preserved only within several phraseologisms, cf. moʎ:ol bekes 'to stamp one's feet', moʎ:ol orci 'stirrup' ('support for feet') etc. All languages except Udi reflect the old *-l-suffix.
Meaning:1 man 2 male 3 male child 4 brave man, hero
Lezghian:rugul 3
Tabasaran:murgu-ž̌i 4
Rutul:wɨɣɨl-dɨ 1
Tsakhur:wɨɣɨli-n 2
Kryz:miɣil 2
Budukh:wɨli 2
Archi:meƛle 2
Comment: Lezg. rugul goes back to *u_orƛ:ɨl with a regular elision of *u_o-. The original form (to judge from external correspondences) must have been the one with *m-; initial *u- substituted it under analogy with the 1t class prefix *u_-. External evidence shows also that inspite of the superficial resemblance this is not the same root as PL *ƛ:ilV- 'man, male' (q.v.).
Comment: Cf. also Gelm., Tsakh. mɨswa id. The position of -s- before -w- ( < *-r-) does not allow to choose among *-s:- or *-s- for PL (in Tsakh. the opposition in tenseness is neutralized before consonants). 3d class. The root is attested only in Tsakh., but has probable external parallels.
Comment: 3d class in Arch. and Rut. Archi preserves the most archaic root structure (cf. the external evidence); reasons for loss of *mo- in Rut. and Ud. are unclear (this process is typical only for Lezg.).
Meaning:1 barley 2 a sp. of barley (голозерный ячмень)
Lezghian:muχ 1
Tabasaran:muχ 1
Agul:muχ 2
Kryz:mɨχ 1
Budukh:muχ 1
Archi:maχa 1
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. mɨχ, Tab. Düb. muχ, Ag. Bursh. muχ. 3d class in Bud. and Arch., 4th class in Kryz. Obl. base *moχa- (cf. Lezg. muχa-, Khl. mɨχa-, Tab. muχa-, Ag. muχa-). Arch. maχa < *moχa-j (with a frequent -j-suffix). See Гигинейшвили 1977, 134.
Comment: The Lezghi form needs a special comment. It is, in fact, a historical plural form: n-er < *ʔin-er < *ʔil-er (cf. dialectal Khl. iler 'nose'); the shift from l to n in lit. Lezghi is not quite clear, but paralleled in the case n-ez "eat" < *ʔil-ez (see *ʔiʔʷäl-). In its turn, *ʔil-er is a quite regular reflex of *muʔel-ar ("the nostrils") with a normal loss of the preaccented sequence *mu-.
The word belongs to the 3d class in Kryz., Bud. and Arch.
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. mulaqI, Ag. Burk. mäIleqʷ. In Lezg. the ʁ- is a secondary prothesis (cf. Khl. üläʁ, with regular dropping of initial *m(u)-).
