Altaic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *k`ìĺa

Meaning: fetters

Russian meaning: оковы, путы

Turkic: *kiĺe-

Mongolian: *kelbeɣür

Tungus-Manchu: *xil-

Korean: *kár

Japanese: *kàsi

Comments: Cf. *kōli, *gū́ldi, *k`i̯ŭli; on the Jpn. form see also under *k`ĕsa. The Turkic vocalism is completely irregular: perhaps due to a cluster simplification or assimilation? In Mong. cf. also kelke- 'to bead, string, join' ( > Yak., Dolg. kelgij-, see Kaɫ. MEJ 51, Stachowski 143).

altet.dbf-meaning,altet.dbf-rusmean,altet.dbf-turc,altet.dbf-mong,altet.dbf-tung,altet.dbf-kor,altet.dbf-jap,altet.dbf-reference,

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *kiĺe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hobble, bound 2 fetters

Russian meaning: 1 стреножить 2 путы

Old Turkic: kiše- (OUygh.) 1, kišen (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: kiše- (MK, KB) 1, kišen (MK) 2

Turkish: kešan 'headstall, fetters'

Tatar: kištɛ 3

Middle Turkic: kišen 'chain' (Sangl., Houts.), Kypch. kišen (CCum.) 2

Uighur: kišɛn 2

Turkmen: kīšen 'chains'

Kirghiz: kišen 2

Balkar: kišen 2

Comments: VEWT 258, EDT 753. Some forms point to *kēĺ-, possibly under the influence of *keĺč 'belt' (v. sub *k`éĺe).

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-krg,turcet-blkx,turcet-reference,

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kelbeɣür

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: chock, boot-tree

Russian meaning: колодка

Written Mongolian: kelbegür (МХТТТ)

Khalkha: xelbǖr

Buriat: xelberi

Dagur: kelbej-

Comments: Mong. > Orok qalụmụri 'board'. The word is formally derived from kelbe- 'to shape', whence also kelberi (L 446) 'shape': external evidence, however, strongly suggests that 'boot-tree' must have been the original meaning, and 'shape' is a secondary developed abstract meaning.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xil-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 loop for a billet on deer's neck (to keep him from straying) 2 fur collar 3 halter, headstall

Russian meaning: 1 петля (для подвешивания на шею оленя плашки) 2 оплечье, ошейник (обшитый соболями); меховой воротник 3 недоуздок

Evenki: inman, inmar 3, iltē 1

Even: ịnmъ̣r 3

Literary Manchu: ilten 2

Ulcha: sini 2

Orok: sinni 2, sịlma 3

Oroch: sili 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 310, 316, 2, 84.

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kár

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fetters, cangue

Russian meaning: оковы, колодки

Modern Korean: khal

Middle Korean: kár, kār

Comments: Nam 19, HMCH 249, KED 1669. Modern initial kh- is not quite clear.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kàsi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fetters, shackles

Russian meaning: оковы, кандалы

Old Japanese: kasi

Middle Japanese: kasi, kase

Tokyo: káse

Kyoto: kásé

Kagoshima: kasé

Comments: JLTT 441. Tokyo and Kagoshima point to *kàs(a)í or *kàs(a)î, but Kyoto points to *kás(a)í (the word is not attested in RJ).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`ìĺa

Meaning: fetters

Russian meaning: оковы, путы

Turkic: *kiĺe-

Mongolian: *kelbeɣür

Tungus-Manchu: *xil-

Korean: *kár

Japanese: *kàsi