Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔǝ̄ke (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: louse

Ket: ʌ:ɣǝ⁴ (North.), South. ʌɣ⁴; pl. ʌɣeń⁵

Yug: ʌ:hk, pl. ʌgɨn⁵

Kottish: iki, pl. ikáŋ

Comments: ССЕ 192. Werner 2, 414 <*(d')ʌʔǝgǝ> - with an obviously erroneous *d'- (would be *j- in our reconstruction) - because Kott. d́oga 'nit' is attributed to two roots at once (see *jog-), notwithstanding the clear distinction between iki 'louse' and d́oga 'nit'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʔǝmkV̄́

Meaning: louse, small insect

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ʔǝ̆mkV

Sino-Tibetan: *mōŋ / *mōk (~-ū-)

Yenisseian: *ʔǝ̄ke (~x-)

Comments and references : [Note that *-ǝ̆- in PNC is not quite certain]

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔǝ̆mkV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of insect, worm

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔunka(~ʔinkʷa,-o,m)

Proto-Lezghian: *kamk

Notes: An Aand-Lezg. isogloss. The PL form is reduplicated (because of the root's expressive nature).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ʔunka(~ʔinkʷa,-o,m)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 name of a vermin, harmful insect 2 beetle

Avar: núka 1

Akhvakh: ʕunka 2

Comments: Av. has a usual metathesis in Anlaut (nuka < *ʔunka).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *kamk

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 worm 2 grub, larva 3 itch, mange

Lezghian: kʷak 1

Tabasaran: kamk 1

Agul: kabk 3 (Tp)

Tsakhur: kok 2

Kryz: kʷak 1

Comment: Obl. base unknown (-r-stem in Lezg. and Tab.); 3d class in Kryz. and Tsakh.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mōŋ / *mōk (~-ū-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: midge, moth

Chinese: 蠓 *mōŋ, *mōŋʔ midge, mosquito.

Tibetan: mug moth, worm.

Comments: Cf. PAA *mVŋ 'gnat, fly'.

Chinese characters :

Character: 蠓

Modern (Beijing) reading: měng

Preclassic Old Chinese: mōŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mṓŋ

Western Han Chinese: mṓŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: mṓŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: mṓŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mṓŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwṓŋ

Middle Chinese: múŋ

English meaning : mosquito, small flying biting insect [LZ]

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen baŋ³, Fuzhou möŋ³. Also read *mōŋ, MC muŋ id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1181 e

Vietnamese reading: mòng

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVMKV

Meaning : a k. of insect

Eurasiatic : *mVḳV

Afroasiatic : Sem. *mVḳ- 'k. of insect'

Sino-Caucasian : *ʔǝmkV̄́

Amerind (misc.) : ? Alg. *ihkʷa, Hok. *aHkʷi 'louse' (under *kʷit 'flea' R 279); *iḳʷa 'louse' (R 448) [+ A K?]

Reference : ND 2036, 2042.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVḳV

Meaning: a k. of insect

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *mAk'(s)-

Uralic: *mekše (cf. also Finn. mäkärä 'fliegendes Insekt, Kriebelmücke', Saam. N muoger 'midge', L moukēr 'große Kriebelmücke' - cited in Redei 771)

Kartvelian: *(m)sḳa-

Comments: FU is usually considered < IE, but in fact it may be a cognate.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *mAk'-

Meaning: gad-fly, gnat

Old Indian: maśáka- m. `mosquito, gnat', mákṣ m.f., mákṣā, makṣikā f. `fly, bee'

Avestan: maxśī `Fliege'

Baltic: *mač-al-a- c., -ā̂ f.

Russ. meaning: насекомое (слепень, комар)

References: WP II 225

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *mač-al-a- c., -ā̂ f.

Meaning: a k. of insect

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: mãšala-s, ostlith. mãšala `Kriebelmücke'

Lettish: masala, masals `Rossfliege'

Comments: Cf. Lith mãkata-s `Kriebelmücke'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1216

Root: mak̂o- oder mok̂-o-

English meaning: a k. of fly

German meaning: `Stechfliege, Mücke'

General comments: (-lo-, -ko-, Deminutivformantien)

Material: Ai. maśáka- m. `Stechfliege, Mücke', lit. mašalas `Mücke', lett. masalas `Roßfliege', wozu russ. mosólitь `plagen, zudringlich anbetteln' (vom Bilde des zudringlichen Mückenschwarms), und mit anderm Formans (*mosъtъ?) osorb. mosćić so, mosćeć so `wimmeln (wie ein Mückenschwarm)', sowie wohl auch lit. mašóju, -ti `ein Kind zeugen';

    vgl. mit Velar die arische Sippe von ai. mákṣa- m., makṣā f. `Fliege', av. maxši- `Fliege, Mücke' usw., und lit. mãkatas `Kriebelmücke'.

References: WP. II 225, Specht Idg. Dekl. 43 f., Trautmann 170.

Pages: 699

PIE database: PIE database

Uralic etymology :

Number: 540

Proto: *mekše

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: bee

German meaning: Biene; Apis mellifica

Finnish: mehiläinen, mehiäinen 'Honigbiene'

Estonian: mehiläne, mehine (dial.) 'Biene'

Mordovian: mekš, mäkš (E), meš (M)

Mari (Cheremis): mükš (KB U B)

Udmurt (Votyak): muš (S G), mu̇š, muš (K)

Komi (Zyrian): moš (P), muš (V PO)

Hungarian: méh, dial. më̂he, mév, mihe, míhe 'Biene'

Sammalahti's version: *mekši

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *(m)sḳa-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: пчела, муравей

English meaning: bee, ant

Georgian: sḳa-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): bee-hive

Megrel: (p)sḳa-, ska

Megrel meaning (Rus.): пчела

Megrel meaning (Eng.): bee

Svan: (?) mǝ(r)šḳ-

Svan meaning (Rus.): муравей

Svan meaning (Eng.): ant

Laz: mska-, mcka-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 164.

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