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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *QUHV́
Meaning: uncle
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qŭH
Meaning: uncle, father-in-law
Tibetan: khu uncle (on the father's side), skud, sgud father-in-law.
Burmese: uh mother's brother, LB *ɣux (cf. also ać-kǝw elder brother).
Kachin: gu4 father-in-law (cf. also gǝkhau1 brother-in-law).
Lushai: KC > Tiddim ū elder brother or sister.
Lepcha: ku, a-ku a paternal uncle
Comments: Mikir ni-hu uncle, Meithei iku father-in-law; Vayu ku-ku; Bahing la-ku; Digaro (na-)ku; Miri ǝkü; Rawang ǝkhö, Trung kǝ2 father's or mother's younger brother. Ben. 61. The Burm. and Jnp. evidence suggests that there may be two roots here, merged in most languages. Cf. PAA *kuʔ 'kinship term', Yao kɔ.4 'older brother'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 舅
Modern (Beijing) reading: jiù
Preclassic Old Chinese: guʔ
Classic Old Chinese: gú
Western Han Chinese: gǝ́w
Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ́w
Early Postclassic Chinese: gíw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ́w
Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ́w
Middle Chinese: gǝ́w
English meaning : uncle
Russian meaning[s]: 1) дядя (со стороны матери); 2) свекор; 3) шурин (брат жены)
Comments: The regular Sino-Viet. reading is cũ'u. For *g- cf. Xiamen ku6, Chaozhou ku4, Fuzhou, Jianou kiu6.
Radical: 134
Four-angle index: 4736
Karlgren code: 1067 b
Vietnamese reading: cậu
Jianchuan Bai: -ćo8
Dali Bai: -ćou4
Bijiang Bai: -qɨ1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1703
Character: 舅
MC description : 流開三上有群
ZIHUI: 5279 1597
Beijing: ćiou 3
Jinan: ćiou 3
Xi'an: ćiou 3
Taiyuan: ćiou 3
Hankou: ćiou 3
Chengdu: ćiǝu 3
Yangzhou: ćiôɨ 3
Suzhou: ʒ́iöy XH
Wenzhou: ʒ́iau 22
Changsha: ćiôu 31 (lit.); ćiôu 32
Shuangfeng: ćhiû 32
Nanchang: ćhiu 32
Meixian: khiu 11
Guangzhou: khau 22
Xiamen: ku 32
Chaozhou: ku 22
Fuzhou: kieu 32
Shanghai: ćiɨ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: kiou 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *k[ù]
Meaning: uncle
Tulung: kuk mother`s brother
Kaling: ke uncle (mother`s brother)
Comments: The reconstruction is not quite clear: perhaps also *kè, *kèku? Toba 98 *kVk.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: kwaʔ, -Ngwaʔ
Grammar: n.
Meaning: 1) ego's maternal uncle, 2) husband of ego's paternal aunt.
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: kiki
Grammar: n.
Meaning: 1) maternal uncle, older than mother; 2) maternal uncle, irrespective of age with respect to mother.
Derivation: [2 - in Sasarkā only]
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-dercomm,dumet-comments,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: kɔkpa
Grammar: n.
Meaning: mother's brother
Nepali: māmā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: kwäŋ
Grammar: n.
Meaning: mother's younger brother.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *χɔj
Meaning: uncle, aunt
Ket: qōj , pl. qōjeŋ1 / qɔjeŋ5
Yug: xoj, pl. xoje:ŋ3
Kottish: hai, pl. hajan "uncle"; hāja, pl. hājan, g. hājei "aunt"
Comments: ССЕ 304. Werner 2, 127 <*qoj>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVKV
Meaning : elder relative
Amerind (misc.) : *-kwa 'in-law' (R 393) [+ A K]; *koko 'uncle' (R 803) African (misc.) : Banto *-kúúkù 'grandparent'.
Reference : GE 18 *kaka (+ NC, IP, Austral., different SH), 68 *aka. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔaḳV
Meaning: elder brother or sister
References: Ndr 15 *ʔaga 'uncle, elder person'; 21 *ʔaḲa 'grandfather, elder relative' (a hardly justified distinction).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ā́k`a
Meaning: elder brother
Russian meaning: старший брат
Comments: EAS 91, KW 3, Владимирцов 324, Poppe 55, Цинциус 1972a, 40-45. АПиПЯЯ 290. A Western isogloss. The Turkic forms are relatively late attested and could be < Mong., see TMN 1, 137, Щербак 1997, 199, but the Mong.-Tung. parallel still holds. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *(i)āka
Meaning: 1 elder brother; elder uncle; father; grandfather 2 respectful address 3 elder
Russian meaning: 1 старший брат; старший дядя; отец; дедушка 2 почтительное обращение 3 старший
Old Turkic: aqa 1 (OUygh., from I-t half of XIII century, see ДТС) Turkish: aɣa 1, 2
Tatar: aɣa 1, 2
Middle Turkic: aqa 1 (Oghuz-nama), aɣa 1 (Abush.), aqa (Pav. C.) 1 Uzbek: ɔɣa 1
Uighur: aɣa 1
Sary-Yughur: aqa 1,2, qɨz aɣa 'тесть' (ЯЖУ 11, 13) Azerbaidzhan: aɣa 2
Turkmen: āGa 1
Khakassian: aɣa 1 ('father's father')
Shor: aqqa 'father's father'
Oyrat: aqa 1, 2
Halaj: aɣa 2
Yakut: aɣa 1 ('father'), 3
Dolgan: aga 'father'
Tuva: aqɨ 1
Tofalar: aɣa 1
Kirghiz: aɣa 1
Kazakh: aɣa 1, 3
Noghai: aɣa 1, 2
Bashkir: aɣaj 1, 2
Gagauz: aɣa 1, 2
Karaim: aqa 2 (K), aɣa 2, 3 (K, T)
Karakalpak: aɣa 1, 2
Kumyk: aɣa 1, 2
Comments: VEWT 13, ЭСТЯ 1, 70-71, 121-122, Лексика 291, Stachowski 28. Note the expressive gemination of the medial -k- in Tuva and elsewhere. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *aka
Meaning: elder brother
Russian meaning: старший брат
Written Mongolian: aqa (L 59) Middle Mongolian: aqa (HY 28, SH), axai ekeči 'elder aunt' (HY 28), aɣā (IM 432), āɣa (MA 266, 185, 256) Khalkha: ax; axaj 'aunt' (resp. address)
Buriat: axa
Kalmuck: axǝ
Ordos: axa
Dongxian: aɣa
Shary-Yoghur: aʁa (MGCD: aGa) Monguor: aGa 'frère aîné', āGa 'frère puînté du père' (SM 2) Comments: KW 3, MGCD 126. Cf. also WMong. aki, Kalm. ākǝ 'elder brother's wife' (KW 20). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ak- / *kaka
Meaning: 1 man 2 elder brother
Russian meaning: 1 мужчина 2 старший брат
Evenki: akā, akin 2
Even: aqa, aqъ̣n 2
Negidal: aga / axa 2
Spoken Manchu: hahǝ 1 (829)
Literary Manchu: xaxa 1, axun 2
Jurchen: xaxa-aj (298) 1, axun (axun-un) (286) 2
Ulcha: aGa 2
Orok: aGa / aqa 2
Nanai: ā 2
Oroch: aka, akin 2
Udighe: aga` 2 (Корм. 203) Solon: axā, axin 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 23-24, 459. Forms like Evk. akā can be < Mong. (see TMN 1, 139, Poppe 1972, 100), but this is impossible for *akin and *kaka. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 133
Proto: *ekä
English meaning: elder (male) relative: father's father, father's elder brother, uncle
German meaning: älterer (männlicher) Verwandter: Vater des Vaters, älterer Bruder des Vaters, Onkel
Saam (Lapp): ække, ǣg- (N) 'father's brother, paternal uncle, older than the father of the person in question; a man's younger brother's son or daughter', iehkē ~ ǟhkē (L) 'Vaters Bruder od. Vetter (wenn er älter ist als der Vater)', jiekke (jea) (T) 'Vatersbruder, älter als der Vater'
Khanty (Ostyak): iki (V) 'alter Mann; Vater des Vaters; älterer Bruder des Vaters; Vater der Mutter', ikǝ (DN), ĭkǝ (Ni.) 'alter Mann, Greis', akĭ (Kaz.) 'älterer Bruder der Mutter, älterer Bruder des Vaters; Vater des Mannes; älterer Bruder des Mannes etc.', ȧki (O) 'Vater des Großvaters'
Mansi (Vogul): āk (K) 'Großvater, Onkel', ǟk- (P), äkė (LM) 'Onkel', ǟkǝm (LU) 'meines Vaters Bruder', aki (N) 'Onkel, старший брат отца, муж старшей сестры отца'
Nenets (Yurak): ńeka (O) 'älterer Bruder; jüngerer Bruder des Vaters'
Selkup: ăgá, ăgà (Ke. N) 'älterer Bruder' ?
Sammalahti's version: FU *ekä
References: FUV; DEWO 36; SzófSz.; Stein.Fgr.Vok. 41
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-nen,uralet-slk,uralet-samm2,uralet-lit,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *ak-
Meaning : an elder relative
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *aka An internal error was detected in the service software. The diagnostics are being emailed to the service system administrator (root).