Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *Hălǯē(-nV)

Meaning: front, face

North Caucasian: *jɦălǯē(-nV)

Basque: *ailcin

Comments and references : Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *jɦălǯē(-nV)

Meaning: face

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *riži

Proto-Lak: lažin

Proto-Dargwa: *laIži

Proto-Lezghian: *jič:in

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Andian forms may be borrowed from old Avar (before the semantic shift in Av.); this would explain the strange -i- vowel in PA.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *riži

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 face 2 individual (in a negative sense)

Avar: riží 2

Andian language: riži

Akhvakh: riži 1 (Tlan.)

Comments: Av. paradigm B (riží-dul). For the semantic shift "face":"individual" cf., e.g., Russian лицо : личность.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: lažin

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: face

Lak form: lažin

Comments: Cf. Khosr. lažin id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *laIži

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cheek

Akusha: laIži

Comments: Cf. Ur. laIži id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *jič:in

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: face

Lezghian: č:in

Kryz: iǯin

Budukh: iǯin

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. jič:in. 3d class in Kryz and Bud. See Талибов 1960a, 296; Лексика 1971, 116.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *ailcin

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 front, space in front 2 before, in front

High Navarrese: alzin, aitzin 1, (Ulzama) ailziñen 2, (Elkano) al(t)zinean 2

Low Navarrese: ainzin, aintzin, aitzin 1, aintzinean 2

Salazarese: altzina 1, al(t)zinean 2

Lapurdian: aintzin, aitzin 1

Aezkoan: ailtzinean 2

Zuberoan: aitzĩ́nẽ 1

Roncalese: antzin, aintzina 1

Comments: A northeastern word, instead of which southwestern Bsq uses *aur̄e 'front' (q.v.). This is one of the Bsq words in which the change of the cluster *lc > /nc/ was only partially carried through (cf. Bsq *ulce 'nail').

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