Sino-Caucasian etymology : List with all references

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Perhaps we should reconstruct rather a form like *HVrq_Vn- or *HVlq_Vn-, to account for *q: in PL (normally *q or *χ: would be expected).

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *q:an- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to snatch, take away

Avar: q:ám-

Akhvakh: q:on-

Chamalal: q:an-

Tindi: q:an-

Karata: q:am-

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *=ẽχ:- ( ~ -ʁ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to touch 2 to get (somewhere)

Bezhta: =ẽχ- 1 (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ẽχ- 2

Comments: PGB *=ẽχ- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =eχ- 'to touch', =eχ-el- 'to shut (door, gate)').

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *(ʔi)q:Vn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to take

Kryz: q:ä=n-

Budukh: q:e=n-

Comment: Both Kryz. and Bud. reflect a form with reduced PL Anlaut (probably *ʔi-).

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: =aq:ɨn-

North Caucasian etymology: 1852

Meaning: to hold, keep, catch

Khinalug form: =aq:ɨni

khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *gŏn

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: collect

Chinese: � *kuns collect, harvest, pinch, gather.

Kachin: lǝkhon¹ to collect.

Lushai: khon to collect.

stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,

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Chinese characters :

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Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: jùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kuns

Classic Old Chinese: kwǝnh

Western Han Chinese: kwǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: kwǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwɨ̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwɨ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwɨ̀n

Middle Chinese: kǜn

English meaning : collect, harvest, pinch, gather

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *e=ken-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 take away, remove 2 remove oneself, leave 3 require, charge (a price)

Bizkaian: ken-du 1, 2, 3

Gipuzkoan: ken-du 1, 2, 3

High Navarrese: ken-du, (Ulzama) eken-du 1, 2, (Berrueta) gen-du 1, 2

Low Navarrese: khen-du 1, 2

Salazarese: gen-du 1, 2

Lapurdian: ken-du 1, 2

Baztanese: eken-du 1, 2

Aezkoan: eken-du 1, 2

Zuberoan: khén-tü 1, 2

Roncalese: gén-tu 1, 2

Comments: Cf. PNC *HVq_Vn- 'to take, snatch'.

basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVNTV

Meaning : take, grasp

Eurasiatic : *kantV

Sino-Caucasian : *HVq_Vn- ?

Austric : *kVt 'grasp, press'

Reference : Peiros 1989, 128.

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *kantV

Meaning: to take

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *ghe(n)d- 'take, hold'

Altaic: *kā̀nt`V

Uralic: *kanta

Dravidian: *kēnd- (?)

Comments: [IE perhaps to PU *käte 'hand']

References: МССНЯ 332; ND 645 *gaNtV 'hold, carry' (Ur.-IE-Drav.).

nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *ghed-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to take, to seize

Old Greek: khandánō, aor. ékhadon, fut. khẹ̄́somai̯, pf. (prs. -Bed.) kékhonda, ep. ptc. acc. kekhandóta; eu-, eu̯rü-khandḗs, eu̯rü-khadḗs `geräumig'

Germanic: *git-a- vb., *gat-ja- vb.; *gēt-a- n., *gēt-ō- vb., *gēt-ia- vb.

Latin: prehendō, -ere, -ī, -sum `fassen, ergreifen', (später) prendō; praeda f. `KriegsbeuteBeute', praedō, -ōnis m. Rauber

Celtic: Cymr genni `contineri, comprendi, capi'

Albanian: ǵɛndem `werde gefunden'

Russ. meaning: брать, хватать

References: WP I 589 f

piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *gitan- vb., *gatjan- vb.; *gēta-n, *gētōn- vb., *gētian- vb.

Meaning: get, receive

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: bi-gitan st. `find'

Old Norse: geta st. `schaffen, erreichen, erzeugen; lernen; nennen; vermuten'; get n. `Vermutung, Argwohn'; geta f. `Erwähnung, Vermutung'; gātn. `Speise', gāta f. `Rätsel, Vermutung', gǟta vb. `achtgeben, aufpassen, beobachten'

Norwegian: gjeta vb.; gɔt `Aufmerksamkeit'; gɔta f.; gjäta vb.

Swedish: gitta vb.; gɔta sbs.; dial. gäta vb.

Danish: gide `mögen'; gɔde sbs.; gäte vb.

Old English: gietan `erhalten, erzeugen'; bigietan `erhalten, erzeugen', for-gietan `vergessen'; and-giet `Verstand, Sinn'

English: forget, beget

Old Saxon: bi-getan `ergreifen', far-getan `vergessen'

Middle Dutch: verghēten

Dutch: vergeten

Middle Low German: vor-gēten; vorget

Old High German: geʒʒan `erlangen' (8.Jh.), fir-geʒʒan `aus den Gedanken verlieren, vergessen' (9.Jh.), ir-geʒʒan `vergessen'; bi-geʒʒan `erhalten' (8.Jh.); ir-gezzen (um 1000) `vergessen machen'

Middle High German: vergëʒʒen st. 'aus den gedanken verlieren, vergessen', ergeʒʒen st. 'vergessen'; ergɛtzen wk. 'vergessen machen, entschädigen'

German: vergessen, ergötzen

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 649

Root: ghend- und ghed-

English meaning: to grab, grip

German meaning: `fassen, anfassen, ergreifen', z. T. auch `geistig erfassen'

General comments: Zum Nebeneinander der unnasalierten und der nasalierten Wurzelf. s. Brugmann II² 3, 293f., IF. 32, 321

Material: Gr. χανδάνω (*gh_end-) `fasse', Aor. ἔχαδον (*ghn̥d-), Fut. χείσομαι (*ghend-s-), Perf. mit Präs.-Bed. κέχονδα;

alb. gjëndem `werde gefunden', gjënj, gjenj, geg. gjëj `finde' (G. Meyer BB. 8, 187, Alb. Wb. 140, Alb. St. III 10; gjet `finden, wiedererlangen', s. Schmidt KZ. 57, 20ff.);

lat. praehendō, -ere, -ī, -sum `fassen, anfassen, ergreifen', praeda `Beute'. Ablat. alt praidad (*prai-hedā); hedera `Efeu' (`klammernd'; aus *ghedes-ā);

air. ro-geinn `findet Platz in' (*ghn̥d-ne-t), cymr. 1. Sg. gannaf, Verbaln. genni (aus *gannim, idg. *ghn̥d-n-) `enthalten sein, Platz haben'; dazu mir. geind f. (air. *gend) `Keil', bret. genn m. ds., mcorn. Pl. genow, corn. gedn, ncymr. gaing ds. (mit sekundärem -ng);

got. bi-gitan `finden', aisl. geta `erreichen; hervorbringen, vermuten', ags. be-gietan `erhalten, erzeugen', for-gietan `vergessen' (engl. get, beget, forget skand. Lw.), ahd. pi-gezzan `erlangen', fir-gezzan `vergessen' (dazu als Faktitiv mhd. ergetzen `vergessen machen, entschädigen'), nhd. ergötzen, as. bi-getan `ergreifen', far-getan `vergessen'; mnd. gissen, schwed. norw. gissa `raten, vermuten' (engl. guess ndd. oder nord. Lw.);

vielleicht hierher (als mit cymr. genni hildungsverwandtes *ghend-nō): got. du-ginnan, ags.on-, bi-ginnan, as. ahd. biginnan `in-cipere, beginnen' (andere Deutungsversuche s. bei Feist³ s. v.; davon beachtenswert der von Wiedemann BB. 27, 193 als *ĝhen-u̯ō zu alb. zē̈, geg. zâ `berühre, fange, fange an, empfange [vom Weibe], miete' aus uralb. *zenō);

vielleicht auch aksl. gadati `vermuten, meinen' (`geistig erfassen'), russ. gadátь `erraten, ersinnen', čech. hadati `raten, meinen', usw.

References: WP. I 589 f., WH. I 638, Thurneysen Gr. 353, Berneker 288 f.

Pages: 437-438

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *kā̀nt`V

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to reach, attain

Russian meaning: достигать, доставать

Mongolian: *kan[t]u-

Tungus-Manchu: *kānta-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss. Cf. perhaps Chuv. xondъ 'protect', 'influence' etc. (if not < Mong.). Cf. also OJ katug- 'to carry' (although this may be a variant of kataga-, a compound of kata 'shoulder' + aga- 'lift, raise').

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kan[t]u-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to head towards, to address

Russian meaning: направляться к, обращаться к

Written Mongolian: qandu- (МХТТТ)

Middle Mongolian: qantuqala- 'show (?)' (SH)

Khalkha: xanda-

Buriat: xanda-

Kalmuck: xandǝ- (КРС)

Ordos: xandu-

Dagur: xanda-

Comments: MGCD 325.

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kānta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to attain, reach (by hand)

Russian meaning: доставать, дотягиваться

Ulcha: qanta-

Nanai: qāndačị-, (Он.) qāntačị-

Comments: ТМС 1, 373.

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 239

Proto: *kanta

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: burden; to carry

German meaning: Last, Traglast, Bürde(?); tragen

Finnish: kanta- 'tragen' ( > Saam. N gannati- 'pay, be worth the trouble', L kānnati- 'nützen, sich lohnen')

Estonian: kanda- 'tragen, ertragen, vermögen'

Saam (Lapp): guod'de- -dd- (N) 'carry, bear; bring forth, calve', kuoddē- (L) 'tragen; kalben', ki̊nte- (T), kū_inte- (Kld.), kuette- (Not.), ku_inte- (A)

Mordovian: kando- (E M) 'tragen, bringen'

Mari (Cheremis): kande- (KB), konde- (U B) 'bringen, tragen'

Khanty (Ostyak): kantǝm- (V), χontǝm- (DN), χɔntǝm- (Ni.) 'auf dem Rücken tragen', ki̮nt (V), χent (DN), χĭnt (Kaz.) 'Korb aus Birkenrinde' ?

Mansi (Vogul): kōnt (TJ), χūt (KU), kunt (P) 'Last', kunt- (P), χūnt- (LO) 'tragen', khunt- (LM), χūnt- (N) 'auf den Rücken nehmen', khūt- (khūnt-) (K), khut (LM), χūnt (N) 'Bündel'

Nenets (Yurak): χāna- (O) 'tragen'

Enets (Yen): hadda- (Ch.), kadda- (B) 'forttragen, fortführen'

Nganasan (Tawgi): kuandaʔa- 'forttragen'

Selkup: kuenda- (Ta.), k͔uanda- (Ke.), k͔uenda- (N)

Kamass: kun- 'fortführen, wegführen', kundo- 'tragen, bringen, führen'

Janhunen's version: (42, 43) *kani6-

Sammalahti's version: *kani6-

Addenda: Koib. куналдыгамъ; Mot. кандыямъ

Yukaghir parallels: kande- 'hinführen'

uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *kēnd- (?)

Meaning : to possess, buy

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-North Dravidian : *qēnd-

dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-ndr,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *qēnd-

Meaning : to possess, to buy

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xēndnā (xindyas) "to buy, purchase"

Malto : qēnde "to take along with, have with, possess"

Number in DED : 2001

ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *kVt

Meaning: to hold, press

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: kVt

Austroasiatic meaning: to press

Proto-Austronesian: *kǝkǝt 'hold firmly' (Peiros 1989)

Proto-Thai: kot to press

austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-tai,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: kVt

Meaning: to press

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: kot to press

Proto-Katuic: AND gut

Proto-Palaungic: Pr gut

aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-pawa,

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