Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ĕ́rstĂ

Meaning: to heat, singe

North Caucasian: *=ĕrc_Ă

Sino-Tibetan: *cha

Burushaski: *-́ci-

Basque: *e=seo, *e=se-ki

Comments and references : HGC 40; NSC 54 *-cV; SCE 97.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ĕrc_Ă

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to roast (grain); to singe

Proto-Nakh: *m-arc-

Proto-Dargwa: *=erc:-/=uc:-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔeca

Proto-West Caucasian: *cA

Notes: Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *m-arc-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to singe

Chechen: marc-

Ingush: marc-

Batsbi: marc-

Comments: For vowel length cf. Chech. merc-ira, Ing. merc-ad etc.; cf. also Bacb. dur. merc-ar ( < *mērc- with long vowel Ablaut grade).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=erc:-/=uc:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: roast (grain)

Chiragh: =erc:-/=uc:-

Comments: Cf. also Ur. =irz-/=uz- id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔeca

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: roast (grain)

Tabasaran: u=c-

Agul: uc-

Rutul: =isa-

Tsakhur: q-e=c-

Kryz: ʕa-js-

Budukh: q:-as-

Archi: sesa-

Comment: In Arch. the root is reduplicated; the Tsakh., Kryz. and Bud. forms contain preverbs. The original meaning was probably broader, cf. the derived adjective: Tab. urc-ru (Kand. je-cru, Düb. re-cüri), Tsakh. Gelm. hicca-χa-ń (with expressive gemination) 'hot'.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *cA

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 burn 2 hot

Abkhaz: a-cá 2

Adyghe: stǝ-n 1

Kabardian: sǝ-n 1

Ubykh: ca- 1,2

Comments: Cf. also Abkh. Bzyb. a-cá id. PAK *sǝ / *stǝ. The AK intransitive verb is rarely used; more frequent is the derivate Ad. ʁa-stǝ-n, Kab. ʁa-sǝ-n 'to burn'. Origins of Ad. -t- are not very clear (perhaps a contamination with pš́ta- 'to boil' - cf. Kab. pśtǝ-r 'hot' /derived from pśtǝ-n 'boil'/ along with sǝr 'burning, scorching' = Ad. stǝ-r 'hot; burning, scorching').

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *cha

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hot

Tibetan: cha hot, chad heat, chan hot, warm.

Burmese: LB *cha warm, hot.

Lushai: sa (sat) be hot, KC *sa.

Kiranti: *chò(-s)

Comments: PG *chà hot; Rgyarung -tse; Karen *šV 'burn'. Sh. 54; Ben. 27.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *chò(-s)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: hot

Tulung: chös- be too hot (of sun), be active, busy

Kaling: chönä (chö) get hot (of fire), chöpä hot

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-́ci-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to kindle

Yasin: -́c-

Hunza: -́ci-

Nagar: -́ci-

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *e=seo, *e=se-ki

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to set fire, kindle 2 to burn 3 heat, ardor

Bizkaian: (Markina, Txorierri) izio 1, (arc) exeki 2

Gipuzkoan: izeki 2, (Etxarri-Aranaz) iziki, izigi 1

High Navarrese: izeki 1, 2, 3, iziki, izigi 1

Low Navarrese: ixeki 2

Lapurdian: (arc) {iechequi} /ješeki/

Roncalese: ixeki 2

Comments: *-ki is a known verbal suffix (Trask 1997: 227). Bouda (1948) Bsq + Circassian sǝ-.

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