Sino-Caucasian etymology : List with all references

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. In PTs we would rather expect *-r-; this must be a rare case of *r/l variation in PGB (this feature is much more common in PTsKh). However, despite this, it seems impossible to separate the PTs form from the PA and PN.

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-comment,

Search within this database

Nakh etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Nakh: *garu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: gadfly

Chechen: gora

Ingush: gor

Comments: 6th class in both languages.

nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,

Search within this database

Avar-Andian etymology :

Search within this database

Protoform: *ḳ:ara

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 mosquito 2 gadfly 3 ant, bug

Avar: ḳ:ará 1

Chadakolob: ḳará 1

Andian language: ḳ:ara 1

Akhvakh: ḳ:ara 3

Chamalal: c̣:ara 2 (Gig.)

Tindi: ḱ:ara 1

Karata: ḳ:ara 2

Bagvalal: č̣:ara 1

Godoberi: ḱ:ara 1,2

Comments: Av. paradigm B (ḳ:ará-dul; Chad. ḳirí-l, ḳará-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. ḳ:ara 'mosquito'. Cham. U.-Gakv. ḳ:ara (as well as Gig. - in a MSU recording - ḳ:ara) is a recent loan from Avar. Old Cham. or Tind. > Khvarsh. (Ram.) ,Inkh. ḳara 'mosquito'. Av. > Arch. ḳara id.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

Search within this database

Tsezian etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Tsezian: *kelɔ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mosquito

Bezhta: kälä

Gunzib: kelo

Comments: PGB *kelɔ (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. kelä).

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

Search within this database

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *k(h)r[ā]ŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mosquito

Burmese: khraŋ mosquito, LB *s-kraŋ.

Kachin: ǯiʔ²-groŋ² a mosquito.

Lushai: KC *krāŋ (?).

Comments: Mikir tim-kraŋ; Rawang mǝ-gaŋ; Trung kǝ³-raŋ2 fire-fly. Sh. 405; Ben. 71; Mat. 165. Cf. perhaps Serdukpen graŋ-bi 'worm'.

stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,

Search within this database

Burushaski etymology :

Search within this database

Common Burushaski: *kharú

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: louse

Yasin: kharú

Hunza: kharū́

Nagar: kharū́

buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

Search within this database

Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database

Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : worm

Eurasiatic : *ḲorV

Afroasiatic : *kVwr- (Berb., Chad.)

Sino-Caucasian : *(x)ḳắrā

Reference : ND 942.

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,

Search within this database

Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database

Eurasiatic: *ḲorV

Meaning: worm

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *kʷr̥mi-

Altaic: *k`i̯ṓro

Uralic: *kūrmV 'gadfly' (SKES 246) [: Saam. N gur'bma 'larva of Oedemagena tarandi', L kur'mā 'Dassellarve, Larve der Hautbremse' - Redei 805]; F-Volg. *karma ~ *kärma 'Fliege'; ? Sam. *kür 'fly'

Kartvelian: *ḳrḳil-; also Georg. ḳvirṭ-, ḳruṭ- 'wasp'

Dravidian: *kur[V]m-; PKoGa *kurṭum 'leech'

Eskimo-Aleut: *qura-

Comments: [Other similar forms: PA *k`i̯ā̀re; PK *grc̣q̇il- 'flea'; PD *girŋgil 'cricket' (1569); cf. *ḳVrV]

References: МССНЯ 338, ОСНЯ 1, 358; ND 942 *kuʔrVt/dV 'worm, parasytic insect' (Turk. + PKoGa); 1140 *ḲuR[E] 'worm, maggot'; 1177 *ḳ[u]R[ʕV]dV 'stinging insect'; 1180 *ḳirKV 'stinging insect' (Kartv. *ḳrḳil- + TM + some SH); 1183 *ḲuRmV 'worm, insect'.

nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

Search within this database

Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-IE: *kʷ^erm-i-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: worm, caterpillar

Old Indian: kŕ̥mi- m. `worm, insect'

Avestan: {kǝrǝmi-}

Other Iranian: NPers kirm 'worm', Osset kalm `snake, worm'; Sogd budh. krm'yr- (греч. κερμι[ρ]- BSOS 6:946) `worm'

Slavic: *čьrmь (Sloven čr̂m m. `карбункул; čr̂m v prstu `der Fingerwurm', SK čr̂n `Wurm am Finger'); *čьrmьnъ(jь) `красный'; *čьrmākъ `птица малиновка; назв. растения'; *čьrmelь `шмель' (как вариант)

Baltic: *kir̃m-i-, *kir̃m-ia- c., *kir̃m-ō̃ (-en-es), *kir̃m-iā̃ f., *ker̃m-a- c., ker̃m-ia- c.,*ker̃m-iā̃ f.

Celtic: OIr cruim `worm'; Cymr pryf `id.'

Albanian: krimb, pl. -a `worm'

Russ. meaning: жаба (червь, гусеница)

References: WP I 523

piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database

Vasmer's dictionary :

Search within this database

Word: че́рмный

Near etymology: "красный", цслав., народн. черёмный "рыжеволосый", вятск., перм., сиб. (Даль; см. Шахматов, ИОРЯС 7, I, 305), черемнуха "краснуха, скарлатина", др.-русск. чьрмьнъ "красный, рыжий", ст.-слав. чрьмьнъ ἐρυθρός (Супр.), др.-сербск. чрман, сербохорв. название реки Цр́мница, словен. črmljèn "красный", črmlják, črmnják "яичный желток", чеш., слвц. čermák -- птица "малиновка", в.-луж. čоrk "яичный желток", н.-луж. сеnk -- то же, полаб. саrmаk -- то же, польск. czermień "название растения".

Further etymology: Производные от праслав. *čьrmь "червь", ср. словен. čr̂m "карбункул, червь", родственно лит. kirmìs "червь", kirmuõ -- то же, лтш. сḕrmе, cêrmis "глист", "средство против глистов", растение "Таnасеtum vulgare", др.-инд. kŕ̥miṣ "червь, личинка", авест. kǝrǝmi-, нов.-перс. kirm, алб. krimb, ирл. cruim, кимр. рrуf "червь"; см. Бернекер I, 169; Траутман, ВSW 134; Шпехт 45; М.--Э. I, 378; Зубатый, IF 6, 155 и сл.; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 43; Г. Майер, Alb. Wb. 206; Френкель, Lit. Wb. 257. Ср. также червь.

Trubachev's comments: [См. еще Ерне, Diе slav. Farbenben., Упсала, 1954, стр. 33 и сл. -- Т.]

Pages: 4,344

vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,

Search within this database

Baltic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Baltic: *kir̃m-i-, *kir̃m-ia- c., *kir̃m-ō̃ (-en-es), *kir̃m-iā̃ f., *ker̃m-a- c., ker̃m-ia- c.,*ker̃m-iā̃ f.

Meaning: worm

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: kirmìs `Wurm, Schlange, Lindwurm', kirmuõ, acc. kir̃menį `id.'

Lettish: cirmis; cirmenis, cìrmęns, cirmene, cirmin̨š, cìrminis, cìrmulis² `Wurm, Made, Milbe; Raupe', cḕrme, cêrmis², cę̂rms² `Rainfarn (Tanacetum vulgare); jedes die Spulwürmer abführende Mittel'

Old Prussian: girmis [l. wohl kirmis] `Made' V. 786

baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,

Search within this database

Pokorny's dictionary :

Search within this database

Number: 1101

Root: kʷr̥mi-

English meaning: worm, grub

German meaning: `Wurm, Made'

Material: Ai. kŕ̥mi- `Wurm, Made'; np. kirm `Wurm';

alb. krimp (krim-bi), geg. krüm ds.;

air. cruim `Wurm', urir. kʷrimi-, cymr. pryf, corn. ds. `Wurm', bret. préñv ds.; gall. FlN *Primia > nhd. Pfrimm, Primantia > nhd. Prims;

apr. girmis (leg. kirmis) `Made'; lit. kirmìs m. f. usw. ds., lett. cirmins m. ds., lett. cḕrme f. `Spulwurm' Mühlenbach-Endzelin I 378 u. 386;

sloven. čr̂m `Karbunkel, Fingerwurm', poln. czerń (für *czerḿ? vgl. skr. cr̂n `robigo' für *cr̂m?) `Würmer im faulenden Fleisch', czermień `Schlangenkraut', czermiówka `Natternkraut';

dazu Adj.-Bildung sl. *čьrmьnъ `rot', abg. črъmьnъ `rot', črъmьnovati sę `feuerrot werden' usw.;

die e-Hochstufe scheint in lett. cèrme f. `Regenwurm', cer̂me `Wurm' vorzuliegen; neben sl.*čьrmь findet sich *čьrvь mit eigenartigem vi-Suffix: abg. črъvь `Wurm', russ. červь usw.; vgl. lit. *skirvis `Ameise'?

References: WP. I 523, Trautmann 134, Specht KZ. 65, 212 f., Idg. Dekl. 45, 181.

Pages: 649

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

Search within this database

Altaic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ṓro

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: worm; gad-fly

Russian meaning: червь; овод

Turkic: *Kūrt

Mongolian: *koro-kai

Tungus-Manchu: *xirga-

Comments: KW 188, АПиПЯЯ 54, 285, Дыбо 8, Лексика 182. A Western isogloss; but cf. also *k`i̯ā̀re.

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

Search within this database

Turkic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Turkic: *Kūrt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: worm

Russian meaning: червь

Old Turkic: qurt (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qurt (MK, KB)

Turkish: kurt

Tatar: qort

Middle Turkic: qurt (Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qurt

Uighur: qurut

Azerbaidzhan: Gurd

Turkmen: Gūrt

Khakassian: xurt

Chuvash: xort

Yakut: kurǯaɣa 'small parasites'

Dolgan: kurǯaga

Tuva: qu'rt

Tofalar: qu'rt

Kirghiz: qurt

Kazakh: qu_rt

Balkar: qurt

Gagauz: qurt

Karaim: qurt

Karakalpak: qurt

Comments: See VEWT 303-4 (although we prefer to separate *Kūrt 'worm' and *Kūrt 'wolf'), EDT 648, Лексика 181, ЭСТЯ 6, 167-168, Федотов 2, 367-368, Stachowski 162.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

Search within this database

Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Mongolian: *koro-kai

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: worm, insect

Russian meaning: червь, насекомое

Written Mongolian: qoroqai (L 970: qoruqai)

Middle Mongolian: qoroxai (HY 12), qorɣi (IM), qoraɣaj (MA)

Khalkha: xorxoj

Buriat: xorxoj

Kalmuck: xorxǟ

Ordos: xoroxȫ

Dongxian: Guɣi

Baoan: GorGei, GorGi

Dagur: xorgō (Тод. Даг. 177), xorog, xorugu, horehe (MD 164)

Shary-Yoghur: xoroxGui

Monguor: xorGwī (SM 173), xorGui, xurGoi

Comments: KW 188, MGCD 302, 367. Cf. also Kalm. xor 'die Maden der Viehbremse (im Vieh)' (KW 187).

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

Search within this database

Tungus etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xirga-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: gad-fly

Russian meaning: овод

Evenki: irgakta

Even: ịrgъ̣t

Negidal: ịjgakta

Spoken Manchu: iǯā (2262)

Literary Manchu: iǯa

Ulcha: sịǯaqta

Orok: sịǯịqta

Nanai: sịGaqta

Udighe: iga

Comments: ТМС 1, 324-325. Evk. > Dolg. ɨrgakta (Stachowski 261).

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

Search within this database

Uralic etymology :

Search within this database

Number: 1288

Proto: *karmV (*karpV, *karwV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: fly

German meaning: Fliege

Finnish: kärpänen, (SKES dial.) kärvänen 'Fliege' ( > lapp. Ko. gœrp, I keärpȧǯ)' [cf. also käärme 'snake' - SAS]

Estonian: kärbane (gen. kärbase), kärbes (gen. kärbse), kärmes (gen. kärmse)

Mordovian: karvo (E) (Wied., ERS), karu (M) (Ahlqv., MoRS)

Mari (Cheremis): karme (U B)

K. Redei's notes: Finn. nen und est. ne, s sind Ableitungssuffixe. Ostseefinn. ä der ersten Silbe anstelle des zu erwartenden a dürfte mit dem onomat. Charakter des Wortes zusammenhängen. Die inlautende Konsonantenverbindung kann nicht bestimmt werden. Ihre Vielfalt (rp, rv, rb, rm) läßt sich auf den onomat. Charakter des Wortes zurückführen. Durch den onomat. Charakter des Wortes ist auch tscher. O a statt o zu erklären. Onomat. Äimä (MSFOu. 45:66-7) stellt ostj. (Ahlqv.) käpši, käpšäi 'Fliege' zu der obengenannßten Wortfamilie, was jedoch wegen der abweichenden inlautenden Konsonantenverbinßdung des ostj. Wortes nicht akzeptabel ist.

Addenda: Liv. (Kett.) kär̄mi

References: Lindström: Suomi 1852:52; Ahlqvist, MMdGr. 155; VglWb. 150; Anderson, Stud. 265; Genetz: Suomi 1897/3/13:27; Setälä: FUFA 12:7; Toivonen: FUF 17:281, 18:188; Wichmann: Vir. 1913:132, 1915:113, FUF 15:20, TscherT 57; Sauvageot' Rech. 88; Räsänen: Vir. 1947:166; SKES.

uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-redei,uralet-add,uralet-lit,

Search within this database

Kartvelian etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳrḳil-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: моль

English meaning: moth

Georgian: rḳil-, dial. ḳirḳil-; cf. also ḳril- 'to gnaw, make holes (of woodworms)'

Megrel: ḳirḳil-, ḳiḳil-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 116, EWK 209. Редуплицированная основа, которую можно сравнить с алт. *k`iūrV (также с редупликацией *k`iūrVk`V 'червь; овод'), ПИЕ *kʷr-mi 'червь' (ср. ОСНЯ 1, 358, без картв. форм).

kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,

Search within this database

Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Dravidian : *kur[V]m-

Meaning : spider

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kurm-

dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-gnd,

Search within this database

Gondwan etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kurm-

Meaning : spider

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *gurm-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kurm-a

gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,

Search within this database

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *gurm-

Meaning : spider

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Manda : gurma

Number in DED : 1800

pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,

Search within this database

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kurm-a

Meaning : spider

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kurma, gurma

Dongriya Kuwi : kurma

Notes : In Kui probably a voiced variant, assimilated to two resonants.

Number in DED : 1800

kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_d,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,

Search within this database

Eskimo etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Eskimo: *qura-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: pinworms, eel

Russian meaning: глисты, угорь

Proto-Yupik: *qu[r]a-ʁta-, *qu[r]a-Гut-na-

Proto-Inupik: *quaqta, *qurrau'na- (~ -'r-)

Comments: The stem with meaning 'eel' is easily linked to 'worm' on semantic grounds, but certainly cannot be compared with the stem 'to split with wedge' as has been done in CED.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312

esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,

Search within this database

Yupik etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Yupik: *qu[r]a-ʁta-, *qu[r]a-Гut-na-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: pinworms, anal itch 1, eel 2

Russian Meaning: глисты, зуд в заднице 1, угорь 2

Chaplino: //quɣaχtaq 1, 'type of small fish'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: quaχtaq 1

Chugach (AAY): KP quɣūtn_aq 2

Central Alaskan Yupik: quaχta 1, quaχūk 'stickleback'

Chevak (Peripheral): quɣautn_aq NI 'wolf fish'

Nunivak (Peripheral): quɣautn_aq 'wolf fish'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312

yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-aay,yupet-chug,yupet-cay,yupet-chev,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,

Search within this database

Inupik etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Inupik: *quaqta, *qurrau'na- (~ -'r-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: pinworms, anal itch 1, eel 2

Russian meaning: глисты, зуд в заднице 1, угорь 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: quaqta 1

SPI Dialects: ~ Imaq quwánaq 'sheat-fish'

North Alaskan Inupik: quaqta 1

Western Canadian Inupik: quaqta(q) 1

WCI Dialects: Car, EP quɣjauknaq [Ow.] 2

Eastern Canadian Inupik: quaqtaq 1

ECI Dialects: Iti qujjaunaq 'fish like an eel'

Greenlandic Inupik: quaʁtaq 1, quššānnaq 'butterfish, gunnel'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312

inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters

Total pages generated	Pages generated by this script
1080022	1676307

Help

StarLing database server	Powered by	CGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin		Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov