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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɫHḗqwĂ
Meaning: a k. of bird
Comments and references : HGC 28, LV A16. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *lHīq̇_wĂ / *lHīq_wĂ (~ ɫ-)
Meaning: a k. of bird
Notes: The comparison seems quite plausible, despite some irregularities (usual for bird names in many linguistic families). It is hard to guess which particular bird was denoted by the name *lHīq̇_wĂ in PNC, but most semantic reflexes point to some big or medium-sized bird ("eagle" ~ "jackdaw"/"rook" ~ "pigeon"). For phonetic reasons the PWC root can not be compared with PEC *lɨ̆nƛ_wē 'pigeon', pace Klimov (1967,302), Abdokov (1983, 121); also improbable are the etymologies of Abkh. laħʷa by Lomtatidze (1961, 121) and of PAK *tħar(ǝ)q:ʷá by Shakryl (1968,48-49).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *l(ɦ)ēq̇
Meaning: quail
Chechen: leq̇
Ingush: leq̇
Comments: Cf. Chech. obl. lēq̇a-. 3d class in Chech., but 4th in Ing.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *laluq̇V
Meaning: bat
Tsezi: laluIq̇i
Comments: A reduplicated stem; attested only in Tsez.,but having probable external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: liIluχ:i
Meaning: bird
Lak form: liIluχ:i
Comments: Lak. liIluχ:i (3d class) is very probably a transformation of a form like *liχI-luq̇Ii where the first part is the verb liχ:Ia- 'to fly' (cf. the Darg. form iχI-liq̇an).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ʔiχI-liq̇an
Meaning: bird
Chiragh: iχIliq̇Ian
Comments: Cf. also Kub. iχIliq̇an id. The word is a compound (the 1st part of it is iχI- 'to fly').
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *liq̇Iʷ
Meaning: eagle
Lezghian: leq̇
Tabasaran: luq̇I
Agul: liq̇I
Rutul: lɨq̇I
Archi: liq̇I
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. läIq̇, Tab. Düb. luq̇Iu, Ag. Bursh. laq̇I, Fit. lürq̇I (with a secondary -r-), Burk. laʡ, Tp. leʡ, Arch. pl. loq̇I-or. 3d class in Rut. and Arch. See Талибов 1980, 307.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *la(r)qʷa
Meaning: 1 raven 2 rook 3 pigeon
Abkhaz: á-laħʷa 1
Abaza: laħʷa 2
Adyghe: tħārq:ʷa 3
Kabardian: tħarǝq:ʷa 3
Ubykh: daχʷá 3
Comments: PAT *laħʷa; PAK *tħar(ǝ)q:ʷá; Ub. def. á-daχʷa. The correspondence PAT *l- : PAK *tħ- : Ub. d- points to PWC *l-; PAT *-ħʷ- : PAK *-q:ʷ- - to PWC *qʷ. Ub. χʷ instead of expected qʷ may be explained by a special development within the cluster: *larqʷa > *darqʷa > *darχʷa > daχʷa. See Климов 1967, 302; Шагиров 1977, 84.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lǝ̆k / *lǝ̆ŋ
Meaning: a bird of prey
Tibetan: glag eagle, vulture.
Burmese: laŋh-taʔ vulture.
Kachin: (Mat.) kǝlaŋ1 a bird of the falcon family, (H) laŋ id.
Lushai: KC *k-lāŋ.
Lepcha: kă-ljŭŋ sp. of eagle
Comments: BG: Garo do-reŋ falcon, kite, Dimasa dau-liŋ; Midzhu g-lāŋ, Meyöl g-rāŋ. Sh. 179; Ben. 72; Mat. 183; Luce 3.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 弋
Modern (Beijing) reading: yì
Preclassic Old Chinese: Łǝk
Classic Old Chinese: Łǝk
Western Han Chinese: lǝk
Eastern Han Chinese: źǝk
Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨk
Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨk
Middle Chinese: jik
English meaning : to shoot with stringed arrow; clan name
Russian meaning[s]: 1) стрелять привязной стрелой; 2) добыть, захватить; 3) черный; 4) И (фамилия)
Radical: 56
Four-angle index: 6716
Karlgren code: 0918 a-b
Shijing occurrences: 48.2_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *dVʔG-
Meaning: eagle
Ket: diʔ, pl. di:n / diɣin5
Yug: diʔ, pl. dinɨŋ5
Kottish: tagé, *take, g. tagá, pl. takŋ
Comments: ССЕ 225. Werner 1, 192 <*degǝ / *digǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVKV
Meaning : a k. of bird
Notes : AA may be < ST.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *HalVḳV
Meaning: a k. of bird
References: Suggested by V. Glumov.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *alk(')- / *alk('-)
Meaning: a k. of waterfowl, kingfisher
Old Greek: alküṓn (/ halküṓn), -ónos f. `Meereisvogel, Alcedo ispida'
Latin: alcēdō, gen. -inis f. `Eisvogel'
Russ. meaning: птица (водяная), зимородок
References: WP I 155
piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *álx(i)ō, *ilg=́
Meaning: a bird
Old Norse: NIsl hāv-ella `Fuligula glacialis'
Norwegian: dial. hav-al, -ella `Fuligula glacialis', iwiss-elg, birch-ilge
Swedish: dial. ala, alla, alle, all, ala, al `Fuligula glacialis (глупыш)' (> Fin allo)
German: schweiz. wiss-elg, birch-ilge
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *lak`[a]
Meaning: a k. of bird
Russian meaning: вид птицы
Comments: The root probably denoted a small field bird (grouse or hazel-hen); the meaning `hawk' in the Turkic derivative is obviously < `the one hunting grouses'. The reconstruction of Auslaut presents some problems: the Kor. form presupposes something like *lak`u, in which case we would expect *-x- in TM. One wonders if Kor. nokočiri is not in fact one of Mongolian loanwords (since a hazel-hen, grouse or lark are good prey for a falcon, it may have been borrowed together with other falcon-hunt words); a form like *nugtɨrū (cf. WMong. nuɣturuu) could have been easily borrowed like *nugutiru > nokočiri. If this is the case, the word will be a Western isogloss, with a most plausible reconstruction *laku.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jakɨl-
Meaning: a k. of small hawk
Russian meaning: вид небольшого ястреба
Tatar: jaɣɨlbaj
Khakassian: čaɣɨlbaj
Oyrat: jaŋalbaj 'siskin'
Kirghiz: ǯaɣalmaj
Kazakh: žaɣaltaj
Bashkir: jaɣɨlbaj
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *lag-(turaɣu)
Meaning: hazel-hen, grouse
Russian meaning: куропатка, рябчик
Written Mongolian: nuɣturuu (L 594) Middle Mongolian: lax (HY 15) Khalkha: nogtrū
Comments: Modern languages reflect a compound *lag-turaɣu (with *turaɣu `raven, crow'). Mong. > Manchu nuturu 'sand grouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus)' (see Rozycki 165). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *lakun
Meaning: 1 hen 2 wild duck
Russian meaning: 1 курица 2 чирок (дикая утка)
Negidal: naxụn 1
Literary Manchu: luxu 2
Ulcha: nakụ(n) 1
Orok: naqqụ(n) 1
Oroch: naku 1
Udighe: na`u (Корм. 266) 1 Comments: ТМС 1, 509, 579. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *nokočiri
Meaning: field lark
Russian meaning: полевой жаворонок
Modern Korean: nogoǯiri (arch.)
Middle Korean: nokočiri
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *laḳ-
Meaning: kite
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1795
Proto-Semitic: *laḳ(w)-
Meaning: 'she-kite, female eagle'
Ugaritic: lqh
Arabic: laqw-at
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-uga,semet-ara,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *lVwVḳ-
Meaning: 'vulture'
Mupun: lóok [FrM]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-gwn,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *laŋ
Meaning: a k. of bird
Proto-Austroasiatic: *la:ŋ Austroasiatic meaning: bird of prey
Miao-Yao parallels: *kla:ŋ.B
Proto-Thai: la:ŋ.A
Thai meaning: k. o. bird
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-tai,austr-taime,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *la:ŋ
Meaning: bird of prey
Presyllable: kǝ-
Thai: la:ŋ.A k. o. bird CK
Proto-Khmu: *la:ŋ
Khasi: khlieŋ hawk
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-prpr,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-pear,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,aaet-khasi,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *la:ŋ
Meaning: hawk
Presyllable: kǝ-
References: P-367; TK2.105
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic: *la:ŋ
Meaning: hawk
Presyllable: kǝ-
Bru Van Keu: kala:ŋ
Bru Van Keu meaning: hawk, eagle
So: kala:ŋ.N
So meaning: hawk
Bru: kla:ŋ.N
Bru meaning: a hawk
Sou: kala:ŋ
Kui: kla:ŋ.N
Kui meaning: hawk
Kuay: kla:ŋ.N
Kuay meaning: hawk
Ngeu: kǝla:ŋ.N
Ngeu meaning: hawk
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-sou,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *la:ŋ
Meaning: hawk
Presyllable: kǝ-
Pakoh: kla:ŋ
Pakoh meaning: hawk
Taojh: kala:ŋ
Taojh meaning: hawk (PT-144)
Lao Katu: kla:ŋ
Lao Katu meaning: eagle
Ngeq: kala:ŋ
Ngeq meaning: buzzard
Chatong: kala:ŋ
Kantu dialects: kaʔla:ŋ
Triw: kala:ŋ
Dakkan dialects (1): kala:ŋ
Dakkan dialects (2): kǝla:ŋ
Dakkan meaning: owl
Katu dialects (1): kla:ŋ
Katu meaning: eagle
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-tao,ekatet-taome,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-ct,ekatet-kntt,ekatet-tr,ekatet-dkl,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,ekatet-and,ekatet-katme,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ
Meaning: cross
Presyllable: cǝ-
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-sob,banet-web,banet-nwb,banet-har,
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South Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-South Bahnaric:
Meaning: to cross
Stieng form: chlɔ:ŋ
Stieng meaning: to cross
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,
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West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, kǝ-
Meaning: to cross
Nhaheung form: llɔ:ŋ da:k (D)
Nhaheung meaning: to cross stream
Brao form: klâ:ŋ
Brao meaning: to cross
References: JS-469
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,
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North-West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, cǝ-
Meaning: opening, pass
Tariang: calɔ:ŋ
Kaseng: ʔǝlɔ:ŋ
References: TB1.13
nwbet-meaning,nwbet-prnum,nwbet-tr,nwbet-ks,nwbet-refer,
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Harak etymology :
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Proto-Harak: *lɔ:ŋ, cǝ-
Meaning: opening, pass
Alak: cǝlɔ:ŋ to cross
References: TB1.13
haret-meaning,haret-prnum,haret-alak,haret-refer,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: khle:ŋ
Old Khmer: khleŋ
Old Khmer Meaning: kite
References: P129
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,
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Pearic etymology :
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Proto-Pearic: *la:ŋ.C
Meaning: hawk
Presyllable: khǝ-
Song: khla:ŋ.B kǝlɔ:.A
Song meaning: hawk
Kasong: khla:ŋ.B
Kasong meaning: hawk
Samre: khla:ŋ.C
Samre meaning: hawk
Suoi Kompong: stiǝń
pearet-meaning,pearet-prpr,pearet-prnum,pearet-song,pearet-songme,pearet-kas,pearet-kasme,pearet-smr,pearet-smrme,pearet-skm,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong: *la:ŋʔ, k-
Meaning: kite
Muong dialect: tlaŋ.3
Arem: kalæ:ŋʔ
Proto-Ruc: *la:ŋ.3, k-
Ruc (Russian field rec.): kala:ŋ.3
Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): kala:ŋ.1
Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): kala:ŋ.5
Ruc meaning: kite
Thavung: kǝla:ŋ.1
Notes: F-97: *k-la:ŋʔ
References: NTF47, NVL141
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-anng,vimet-arem,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucl,vimet-rntf,vimet-rucme,vimet-tha,vimet-note,vimet-bib,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic:
Meaning: peacock
Modern Mon: mra:k
Old Mon: mre(k), mreŋ
References: S-303
monet-meaning,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-bib,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *kla:ŋ
Meaning: eagle
Riang: laŋ.1, k-
Riang meaning: kite
Danaw: kǝjaŋ.4, kjaŋ.2 kite
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-prde,pawaet-riang,pawaet-rimeam,pawaet-pran,pawaet-danaw,
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Wa etymology :
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Proto-Wa:
Meaning: eagle
Paraok: klaŋ
Paraok meaning: eagle
Wa: klaŋ
Wa meaning: eagle
Ava: klaŋ
Lawa: klaŋ
Lawa meaning: eagle
Wa (dial.): klaŋ.1
Wa (dial.) meaning: eagle
References: D-132: *klaŋ
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-meng,prwaet-mengme,prwaet-mas,prwaet-lawa,prwaet-lawame,prwaet-gs,prwaet-gsme,prwaet-bib,
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Plang etymology :
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Proto-Plang: *klaŋ
Meaning: eagle
Bulang: klaŋ.1
Bulang meaning: eagle
Konto: klaŋ.1
Konto meaning: eagle
Samtao (Paulsen): klaŋ.1
Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: eagle
References: P-101: *klaŋ.1
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-sap,prplet-sapme,prplet-bib,
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De'ang etymology :
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Proto-De'ang: *la:ŋ, k-
Meaning: eagle
De'ang: kla:ŋ
De'ang-1: gla:ŋ, ma-
De'ang-2: klaŋ, ma-
prdeet-meaning,prdeet-prnum,prdeet-dea,prdeet-dea1,prdeet-dea3,
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Angku etymology :
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Proto-Angku: *kla:ŋ
Meaning: eagle
Pangpin: khlaŋ.51
Gantang: khlaŋ.51
References: WW-116
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-bib,
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