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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ŏnqV ( ~ -xq-)
Meaning: old
North Caucasian: *=ŏnqV(lV)
Sino-Tibetan: *kāH ( ~ g-, q-, G-)
Yenisseian: *ʔǝqaj (~x-)
Basque: *agure
Comments and references : HGC 39. 5th tone in Ket may reflect *-ʔ- (which would contradict lax type in NC), but may also be a misrecording.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ŏnqV(lV)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: old (person)
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iqor-
Proto-Lak: quna-
Proto-Dargwa: *=uqna
Proto-Lezghian: *(ʔV)χVlä-
Proto-Khinalug: inqer
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. In Lak. and Darg. there occurred a nasality metathesis (*=ŏnqVlV > *=ŏqVnV); otherwise correspondences are quite regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *=iqor-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 old (of a person) 2 old (gener.)
Avar: χéra- 2
Chadakolob: =oχór- 2
Andian language: =oχor 1
Akhvakh: =aqaro-ʎa-da- 1
Chamalal: =eχa-ʎidda 1
Tindi: =eχara- 1
Karata: =eχaro- 1
Botlikh: =aχara- 1
Bagvalal: =aharu- 1
Godoberi: =aχar 1
Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. =aχara-ʎa-, Ratl. =aqara-ʎa-da-, Cham. Gig. =aχar, Kar. Tok. =iharu-. Irregular is -χ- in Av. Chad. (under literary influence?).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: quna-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: big, grown up
Lak form: quna-s:a
Comments: Cf. also qunaw xun 'to get old', Khosr. qun-a-xu-s:a 'old'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *=uqna
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: old (of a person)
Akusha: =uqna
Chiragh: =aqna-ze
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =uqna, Tsud. =uqna, =uqna-se 'old' etc. (the root is used both as a noun - 'old man, woman' - and as an adjective).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *(ʔV)χVlä-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: old (of a person)
Archi: χala-t:u-
Comment: Attested only in Archi (therefore the vocalic reconstruction for PL is hardly possible because of reduction in unstressed syllables), but having good external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: inqer
North Caucasian etymology: 1812
Meaning: old (of a person)
Khinalug form: inqer
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kāH ( ~ g-, q-, G-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: old, ancient
Chinese: *kāʔ ancient.
Tibetan: rga (p. rgas) to be old, aged, rgad, rgan old, aged.
Kachin: (H) lǝga be old, hardened, stiff.
Comments: Ben. 110.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: gǔ
Preclassic Old Chinese: kāʔ
Classic Old Chinese: kā́
Western Han Chinese: kā́
Eastern Han Chinese: kā́
Early Postclassic Chinese: kṓ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kṓ
Late Postclassic Chinese: kṓ
Middle Chinese: kó
English meaning : be old, ancient
Russian meaning[s]: 1) древний; древность; древние времена; 2) старинный; античный; антик; 3) изящный; вычурный; 4) сокр. Куба; 5) Гу (фамилия)
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 30
Four-angle index: 1270
Karlgren code: 0049 a-e
Vietnamese reading: cô`
Jianchuan Bai: ku1
Dali Bai: ku1
Bijiang Bai: kü1, gü1
Shijing occurrences: 27.3, 27.4, 29.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 147
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 遇合一上姥見
ZIHUI: 0657 0911
Beijing: ku 2
Jinan: ku 2
Xi'an: ku 2
Taiyuan: khu 2
Hankou: ku 2
Chengdu: ku 2
Yangzhou: ku 2
Suzhou: kǝu 2
Wenzhou: ku 21
Changsha: ku 2
Shuangfeng: kǝu 2
Nanchang: ku 2
Meixian: ku 2
Guangzhou: ku 21
Xiamen: kɔ 2
Chaozhou: kou 21
Fuzhou: ku 2
Shanghai: ku 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: ku 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔǝqaj (~x-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: earlier, before, in old days
Ket: ʌʁaj5
Yug: ʌxaj5
Kottish: ōgai "earlier"; асс. ogaj-b́óŋa (М., Сл., Кл.) "in front"
Pumpokol: ójgaj "in front" (Сл.)
Comments: ССЕ 191. Werner 2, 409 *ǝqaj.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *a=gure
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 old man 2 childless married man
Bizkaian: agure, agura 1
Gipuzkoan: agure 1, agura 2
High Navarrese: agure 1, (Larraun) agura 2
Lapurdian: (Donibane) agure 1
Comments: Trask (1995) mentions the possibility of derivation from Lat. avule 'grandfather', though, as Trask admits, it should have given Bsq *abure. (The change of *g > b is sporadic in Bsq dialects [see *śagu 'mouse'], but not *b > g). Bouda (1948) compared Bsq + Andi =oχor 'old (of a person)', etc.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-lab,basqet-comments,

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