Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HV́xGV

Meaning: twenty

North Caucasian: *G_ǝ̆

Yenisseian: *ʔeʔk (~x-)

Basque: *hogei

Comments and references : BCD 28. The PST form for 20 is *kul, which is rather difficult to derive from *HV́xGV. This form, however, could have been a merger with *kul 'all', and it is interesting to note an apparently archaic form: Lepcha kha '20', hardly derivable from *kul.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *G_ǝ̆

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Proto-Nakh: *ṭq̇a ( ~ -ā)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇:V-

Proto-Tsezian: *qo-(nɔ)

Proto-Lak: q̇u

Proto-Dargwa: *ʁa-

Proto-Lezghian: *q̇:a

Proto-Khinalug: q̇a(n)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. In PN the initial dental is possibly a trace of an original class prefix (it can hardly be explained in any other way). The only subgroup which has lost this archaic numeral is Andian (where 'twenty' is formed by 'two' + 'ten').

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ṭq̇a ( ~ -ā)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Chechen: ṭq̇a

Ingush: ṭq̇o

Batsbi: ṭq̇a

Comments: Ing. ṭq̇o either presupposes PN *ṭq̇o (connected with *ṭq̇a by Ablaut), or else is a suffixed form < *ṭq̇a-w(V). Original vowel length is unknown.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q̇:V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Avar: q̇:ó-go

Chadakolob: q̇ó-gu

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *qo-(nɔ)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Tsezi: qu

Ginukh: qu

Khvarshi: qun

Inkhokvari: quno

Bezhta: qona

Gunzib: qono

Comments: PTsKh *qu-(no); PGB *qo-(nɔ).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: q̇u

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Lak form: q̇u

Comments: Cf. Khosr. q̇u=a.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʁa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Akusha: ʁa-l

Chiragh: ʁa-jal

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *q̇:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Lezghian: q:a-d

Tabasaran: q:a-b

Agul: q:a-d

Rutul: q:a-d

Tsakhur: q:a-llä

Kryz: q:a-d

Budukh: qa-d

Archi: q̇a

Udi: q:a

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. q:a-d (the Akhty-type reflex penetrated into literary Lezg., where normally q̇a-d would be expected).

    See Бокарев 1961, 64; Лексика 1971, 238; Гигинейшвили 1977, 108.

Khinalug etymology :

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔeʔk (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Ket: ɛʔk, pred. ɛkśeń⁵ ; South. ɛkś⁵

Yug: ɛʔk, pred. ɛksɨ⁵

Comments: ССЕ 186. Werner 1, 256.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *hogei

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: twenty

Bizkaian: ogei

Gipuzkoan: ogei

High Navarrese: ogei

Low Navarrese: (Aldude, Garazi) hogoi, (Amikuse) hogei

Salazarese: ogei

Lapurdian: hogoi, (Urruña) ogoi

Baztanese: ogei

Aezkoan: ogei

Zuberoan: hógei

Roncalese: ógei, ogéi

Comments: This morpheme is also present in the higher numerals (EB) hogeitamar '30' (*hogei eta hamar̄ '20+10'), berrogei '40', hirurogei '60', and laurogei '80' (a vigesimal system). Such systems are also characteristic of North Caucasian and Burushaski.

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