Basque etymology : List with all references

Proto-Basque: *ondo

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 side, bottom 2 (part) next to, after 3 part of forehead around eyes 4 forehead (of cattle) 5 frown (of eyebrows)

Bizkaian: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2, betondo 3, 5, (Gernika) adondo 4

Gipuzkoan: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2, betondo 5

High Navarrese: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2

Low Navarrese: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2, bethondo 3

Salazarese: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2

Lapurdian: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2, bethondo 3

Baztanese: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2

Aezkoan: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2

Zuberoan: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2, bethondo 3

Roncalese: ondo 1, ondo, -ondo 2

Comments: It is difficult to separate this word from the homonym *ondo 'joint' (q.v.). Both of these words have been influenced by Romance words such as Span. hondo 'bottom, depth, deep', and some blending has taken place. Cf. also Bsq *ɦonda-r̄ 'sand, dregs', which etymologists have often confused with either or both types of *ondo and Span. hondo. The compounds shown (of which there are many more) involve the elements *begi-t- 'eye' and *a=dar̄ 'horn'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʔĕndū́

Meaning: side, edge, end

North Caucasian: *ʔĕndū

Basque: *ondo

Comments and references : Basque retains the more general meanings 'side, bottom; (part) next to', etc. The word is specialized in NC to 'forehead', a meaning also found in Bsq bet(h)ondo (*begi-t-ondo) 'part of forehead around eyes' and BZK adondo (*ada-ondo) 'forehead (of cattle)'. Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔĕndū

Meaning: forehead

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *hondV (~ħ-)

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔant:a

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *hondV (~ħ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: forehead

Avar: nodó

Chadakolob: nodó

Andian language: honno

Karata: handu

Comments: Av. paradigm B (nadá-lzul, nadá-l; Chad. nadáldul, nadál); nodó regularly < *ʔondó.